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Five working papers in linguistics and education are presented. "The Mediators: Providing Access To Texts in English in a Semi-Urban Maharashtrian College Community" (Grace Plamthodathil Jacob) examines the teacher's role in mediating cultural awareness as part of English second language education in a multilingual, non-western society. "Gender Distribution of Negative Judgments" (Dom Berducci) examines how male and female college students make negative judgments, and discusses possible sociolinguistic rules for the use of such judgments. "Distance Learning and Second Language Acquisition: The Role of Input and Interaction" (Thomas Hickey) suggests that distance learning might be a fruitful area of inquiry for second language learning researchers. "Educational Alternatives for Elementary School Students in Spanish-Speaking Communities" (Daphne Katranides) considers four educational programs available to elementary school children of Spanish-English bilingual communities in the United States. "Literacy in Brazil: For What Purposes?" (Marcia Montenegro Velho) discusses the structures and roles of two literacy programs implemented in Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s, one built on the work of Paolo Freire and the other on the Brazilian Literacy Movement. (MSE)

These proceedings contain the papers and posters of the 22nd International Conference on e-Society (ES 2024) and 20th International Conference on Mobile Learning (ML 2024), organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) in Porto, Portugal, during March 9-11, 2024. The e-Society 2024 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within the Information Society. This conference covers both the technical as well as the non-technical aspects of the Information Society. The Mobile Learning 2024 Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of mobile learning research which illustrate developments in the field. These events received 185 submissions from more than 25 countries. In addition to the papers' presentations, the conferences also feature two keynote presentations. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

This volume contains an index to volumes 18-38 (1974-1994) of the "Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics" (Stephen A. Marlett and J. Albert Bickford) as well as the following 1995 papers: "Laryngeal Licensing and Syllable Well-formedness in Quiengolani Zapotec" (Cherly A. Black); "A Grammar Sketch of the Kaki Ae Language" (John M. Clifton); "Pronouns in Mexican Sign Language" (Marilyn Plumlee); and "Madija Predicates" (Pamela S. Wright). Each article contains references. (NAV)

The working papers contained in this volume include the following: "Research on Language Learning; How Can It Respond to Classroom Concerns?" (Teresa Pica); "Building Rapport Through Indirect Complaints: Implications for Language Learning" (Diana Boxer); "(Bi)literacy and Empowerment: Education for Indigenous Groups in Brazil" (Ana Chacoff); "Peer Groups and the Language of Negotation" (Joanne Drechsel); "'In Chinese Way, .../ko+i:uwn/': An Analysis of the Interlanguage of Yihwen Kuo" (Jeanne Newman); and "Qualifiers in Patient-Physician Discourse: An Analysis of Interviews from Radio Call-In Programs" (Jennifer Pappas). (MSE)

Four working papers in linguistics are presented. "Basic Configurations of Pragmatic Structuring" (Robert A. Dooley) presents evidence for basic or unmarked pragmatic configurations in three Brazilian languages: Topic-Comment in Mbya Guarani, Comment-Topic in Hixkaryana, and Focus-Presupposition in Xavante. "The Syllable Structure of Seri" (Stephen A. Marlett) contains a detailed discussion of issues relevant to syllable structure in the Seri language, including the sonority hierarchy, the internal structure of syllables, representation of long vowels and round consonants, the relationship of stress to syllabification, and the distinction between the syllable structure of inflected and uninflected words. "Extraction from Complement Clauses in Koine Greek" (Stephen A. Marlett) examines one constraint on word order, and shows how it affects the understanding of two verses (from the New Testament/1 Corinthians 14:12 and 1 John 5:16) that seem to be counterexamples to it. "From Meaning to Text: Semantic Representation in the Meaning-Text Linguistic Theory and a New Type of Monolingual Dictionary" (Igor A. Melcuk) expounds a different approach to natural language, the Meaning-Text Theory, focusing on the theory's general structure and a new type of lexicon. (MSE)

Six working papers in linguistics are presented. "The Semantics and Morphology of Mixtec Mood and Aspect" (J. Albert Bickford and Stephen A. Marlett) presents a relatively detailed description of the following grammatical categories in three Mixtec languages: Santiago Nuyoo, Santo Domingo Nuxaa, and Municipio of Tezoatlan. "Nonsyllabic Vocoids" (John M. Clifton) examples a number of New Guinean languages in an attempt to show that previous analysis of the relationship between syllabic [i u] and nonsyllabic [y w] is too simplistic and that when determining the markedness of a given segment, it is necessary to examine both paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships. "Pragmatics and Grammar: Motivation and Control" (Robert A. Dooley) discusses pragmatic phenomena encoded in the syntax. "Anaphoric Indexes and Inalienable Possession in Brazilian Portuguese" (Daniel L. Everett) draws attention to some previously unnoticed facts about inalienably possessed noun phrases, which, it is argued, differ from both pronouns and anaphors. "Clitics, Case, and Word Order in Yagua" (Daniel L. Everett) argues that the relationships between two clitic types and their effect on word order present some problems for theories of syntax. "Tabaru Phonology and Morphology" (Edward A. Kotynski) examines recent phonological theory. (MSE)

These proceedings contain the papers and posters of the International Conferences on: Educational Technologies 2022 (ICEduTech 2022), Sustainability, Technology and Education 2022 (STE 2022), Internet Technologies & Society 2022 (ITS 2022), and Applied Management Advances in the 21st Century 2022 (AMA21 2022) held virtually, from December 14-16, 2022, and organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS). The International Conference on Educational Technologies 2022 (ICEduTech 2022) is the scientific conference addressing the real topics as seen by teachers, students, parents and school leaders. Topics for this conference were: (1) Education in Context; (2) Education as Professional Field; (3) Curricular Evolution; (4) Learner Orientation; (5) Integrating Educational Technologies; and (6) International Higher Education. The International Conference on Sustainability, Technology and Education 2022 (STE 2022) has the purpose to address the main issues which occur by evaluating the relationship between Sustainability, Education, and Technology. The main areas of interest for this conference are: (1) Sustainability and Leadership; (2) Sustainability and Green IT; and (3) Sustainability and Education. The International Conference on Internet Technologies & Society 2022 (ITS 2022) aims to address the main issues of concern within WWW/Internet as well as to assess the influence of Internet in the Information Society. Broad areas of interest are Internet Technologies, Information Management, e-Society and Digital Divide, e-Business/e-Commerce, e-Learning, New Media and e-Society, Digital Services in e-Society, e-Government/e-Governance and e-Health. The International Conference on Applied Management Advances in the 21st Century 2022 (AMA21 2022) seeks to provide a unique forum for presentation and discussion of the last research developments and solutions for the current issues of the world economy. Its core areas of interest are: (1) Managing with ICT; (2) E-Marketing & Digital Communication; (3) Digital Economy; (4) Entrepreneurship & Innovation; (5) Finances & Fintech; and (6) Teaching & Learning in Business. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

"Proceedings of International Conference on Humanities, Social and Education Sciences" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Humanities, Social and Education Sciences (iHSES), which took place on July 15-19, 2020, in Washington, D.C. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, to discuss theoretical and practical issues, and to connect with the leaders in the fields of "humanities," "education," and "social sciences." The conference is organized annually by the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (ISTES). The iHSES invites submissions which address the theory, research, or applications in all disciplines of humanities, education, and social sciences. The iHSES is organized for: (1) faculty members in all disciplines of humanities, education, and social sciences; (2) graduate students; (3) K-12 administrators; (4) teachers; (5) principals; and (6) all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

This collection of short papers is an outcome of the third conference on virtual exchange in higher education hosted by the Pedagogical University in Krakow in April 2018. Following the focus of the conference on virtual exchange in service of social inclusion and global citizenship, the papers collected in this volume offer first-hand insights into theoretical and practical considerations on the most recent stage of this rapidly developing form of learning. The publication will be of particular interest to academic educators, researchers, administrators, and mobility officers planning to implement virtual exchange in their unique academic contexts.

This collection of case studies is special for several reasons. Firstly, because of the geographical and institutional diversity of the authors, bringing together experiences of teaching under COVID-19 restrictions in the university language classroom from 18 countries and five continents. Secondly, the publication is interesting because of the variety of case studies that testify to different strategies and emphases in dealing with pandemic-related challenges. Finally, the case studies collected strikingly demonstrate the creative responses of language teachers in a variety of contexts to meet the challenges of the pandemic crisis (Dr. Sabina Schaffner). [Financial support was provided by the University of Cambridge Language Centre and RUDN University, Moscow. This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

This collection of 20 papers is aimed at researchers, research students, and research supervisors interested in qualitative research into facilitated adult learning in the workplace, formal education programs, professional development, and community settings. "Introduction" (Willis) provides a summary of the papers. "Qualitative Inquiry: Meaning and Menace for Educational Researchers" (Garman) introduces two kinds of knowledge and identifies three communities of discourse inside approaches to qualitative research. The papers that follow are grouped in four loose clusters. Five papers in the first group have a commonality around social elements in adult learning, education, and research: "On Becoming a Meditator: Reflections on Adult Learning and Social Context" (McIntyre); "Bread and Sex: Learning in Brazilian Women's Organizations" (Foley); "Learning Centers and Community Houses: Twelve More Years" (Neville); "Ethics of Ethics Committees" (Crotty); and "Contribution of Dr. Rudolf Steiner to Adult Education: Australian Perspective" (Stehlik). These three papers in the second group are concerned with elements of interpretation in various forms of qualitative research: "Multi-Storied Approach to the Analysis and Interpretation of Interview Transcript Data" (Grant); "Archetypal Investigation of the Experience of Infertility in Women: Observations Drawn from a Ph.D. in Progress" (Fiske); and "Enquiry into Writing in the Process of Transformation" (Coates). These five papers in the third group deal with the theory and practice of phenomenology: "Difficulties of Using Phenomenology: Novice Researcher's Experience" (Ehrich); "Representation and Interpretation in Phenomenological Research" (Willis); "Capturing the Experience of the Clinical Nurse Specialist through Phenomenology" (Borbasi); "Hidden Spaces of Adult Literacy Education: Phenomenological Study of Personal Transformation" (Campbell); and Doing Phenomenology" (Crotty). These six papers in the last section focus on elements of qualitative research practice: "Visible Politics: Postgraduate Study and Adult Education Research" (Shore); "John Thomas, the Meno, and Research" (Claydon); "At Sea Beginning to Do Qualitative Research from and for Whom does Knowing and the Known Emanate?" (Arnold); "Reflections on the Role of an Evaluator" (Harris); "Course Design as Action Research" (Mulligan); and"Autobiography, Experiential Learning, and Discourse in Context: A Thesis in Evolution" (Waterhouse). An index is appended. (YLB)

The 14 papers in this volume address planning and administration of higher education within an international context. Papers are grouped into general studies, regional studies, and national and institutional studies. Included papers are: (1) "Management of Global and Educational Change: Challenges for Higher Education and Graduate Studies" (Gustavo Lopez Ospina); (2) "Accountability for More Efficiency and Effectiveness in Higher Education" (Klaus Huffner); (3) "Training for Planning and Management: Improved Management Systems in Higher Education in Developing Countries" (Kevin M. Lillis); (4) Improving Effectiveness of Higher Education Institutions: Studies of the Management of Change" (International Institute for Educational Planning); (5) "Higher Education: What Procedures for Evaluation?" (William B. Dockrell); (6) "Planning and Management of Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Introductory Study" (Jose F. Silvio); (7) "Management and Administration of Higher Education in a Market Economy" (8) "Some Issues and Trends Relevant for Planning and Management of Higher Education in Arab Countries" (Al Awd Galeleldin); (9) "University Governance, Autonomy and Accountability in Brazil: A Couple of Challenges for the Decade" (Jacques Velloso); (10) "Management of Innovation and Change in Higher Education in Developing Countries; Experiences from Tanzania" (I. M. Omari); (11) "Planning and Management of Education in a Period of Crisis: The Example of Higher Education in Rwanda" (Joseph Kalinganire); (12) "Planning and Management for Excellence and Efficiency in Higher Education in India" (T. V. Rao); (13) "Higher Education in Czechoslovakia: Problems and Prospects of Management" (Jana Hendrichova and Ian Kouckij); and (14) "Planning and Managing for Excellence and Efficiency in Higher Education in Britain" (John Eggleston). (Some individual papers contain references.) (DB)

The present document on the Sixty Years of CONFINTEA was inspired by the desire to register the long fecund history of a global movement which has spanned six decades. Official records and documents produced by and for the conferences, in particular the final reports, elaborated by UNESCO were used as an important source. This process of historical recovery became equally important as a means of undertaking a transversal reading of the development of the concept of adult education, embracing the post-war years, the period of decolonization, the Cold War and the attack on the twin towers in New York. In Knoll's words, it "(…) demonstrates the changes in perceptions of adult education, from literacy to lifelong learning, in which adult education is seen as both part of the continuum of education and an entity in itself." In addition to the CONFINTEA documents, other documents were included which possess a fundamental link with the Conferences and what they represent in terms of the struggle for the right to education, in the spirit of education for all and in the perspective of lifelong learning and education. Following an introduction, the following papers are included: (1) "The history of the UNESCO International Conferences on Adult Education--From Helsingör (1949) to Hamburg (1997): international education policy through people and programmes (Joachim H. Knoll); (2) Sixty years of CONFINTEA: a retrospective analysis (Timothy D. Ireland); and (3) The CONFINTEA agenda: work in progress (Timothy D. Ireland). Nine annexes include the following summary reports: (1) Universal Declaration of Human Rights; (2) First International Conference on Adult Education (1949); (3) Second International Conference on Adult Education (1960); (4) Third International Conference on Adult Education (1972); (5) Recommendation on the Development of Adult Education adopted by the UNESCO General Conference at its 19th session (Nairobi, 26 November, 1976); (6) Fourth International Conference on Adult Education (1985); (7) Fifth International Conference on Adult Education (1997); (8) Recommitting to Adult Education and Learning: Synthesis Report of the CONFINTEA V Midterm Review Meeting; and (9) Sixth International Conference on Adult Education (2009).

This collection of papers explores sociocultural influences on motivation and learning across a broad range of settings and content areas. There are 16 papers in five sections. "Introduction" includes: (1) "Modern Education Needs Cross-Cultural Psychology" (Harry Triandis). Part 1, "The Motivation Context," includes: (2) "Beyond Dichotomous Characterizations of Student Learning: New Directions in Achievement Motivation Research" (Janine Bempechat and Beth A. Boulay); (3) "A Comparison of Motivational and Critical Thinking Orientations Across Ethnic Groups" (Tim Urdan and Carol Giancarlo); and (4) "The Contexts of Individual Motivational Change" (Judith MacCallum). Part 2, "The Learning Context," features: (5) "Social Representations of School Failure in Brazilian Public Schools: A Framework for Understanding and Change" (Elizabeth Gama and Denise Meyreles de Jesus); (6) "The Impact of Sociocultural Context on Future Goals and Self-Regulation" (Stephanie Brickman and Raymond Miller); and (7) "Uncovering Sociocultural Influences Leads to a Call for Personalized Learning" (Glenn Fay). Part 3, "The Family Context," includes: (8) "Perceived Parenting Success of Mothers in Japan" (Robert Strom, Shirley Strom, and Paris Strom); (9) "Fathers' Role in the School Success of Adolescents: A Singapore Study" (Ong Ai Choo and Esther Tan); and (10) "Correlates of Achievement in the United Arab Emirates: A Sociocultural Study" (Maher M. Abu-Hilal). Part 4, "The Curriculum Context," features: (11) "Engaged Reading: A Multi-Level Approach to Considering Sociocultural Factors with Diverse Learners" (Robert Rueda, Laurie Macgillivray, Lilia Monzo, and Angela Arzubiaga); (12) "Adolescent Second Language Writers in China: A Sociocultural Analysis" (Kerri-Lee Krause and Dan O'Brien); (13) "Achievement in Mathematics and Language Arts: A Comparative Study of Canadian and German Preservice Teachers' Beliefs" (Erika Kuendiger, David Kellenberger, and Siegbert Schmidt); (14) "Native American Influence on Curriculum and Instruction" (Scott Sparks); (15) "Sociocultural Context and Service Learning Inside and Outside of the University Classroom" (Valerie McKay); and (16) "Play and Learning in School: A Motivational Approach" (Ole Fredrik Lillemyr). (Papers contain references.) (SM)

This collection of papers includes: (1) "An Assessment-Intervention Model for Research and Practice with Multicultural Populations" (Richard H. Dana); (2) "An Africentric Perspective for Clinical Research and Practice" (Edward F. Morris); (3) "Myths about the Null Hypothesis and the Path to Reform" (Robert G. Malgady); (4) "A Construct-Based Approach to Equivalence: Methodologies for Cross-Cultural/Multicultural Personality Assessment Research" (James Allen and James A. Walsh); (5) "The Nature of Bias" (Fons Van de Vijver); (6) "Acculturation as a Moderator of Personality and Psychological Assessment" (Israel Cuellar); (7) "Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, and Acculturative Stress: Evidence and Measurement" (Gargi Roysircar-Sodowsky and Michael Virgil Maestas); (8) "Racial Identity Measures: A Review and Classification System" (A. Kathleen Burlew, Shana Bellow, and Marilyn Lovett); (9) "Social Psychological Perspectives on Changing Self-Identification among American Indians and Alaska Natives" (Joseph E. Trimble); (10) "Multicultural Assessment with the MMPI-2: Issues for Research and Practice" (Richard W. Handel and Yossef S. Ben-Porath); (11) "Issues in the Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Use of the MMPI-2" (David S. Nichols, Jesus Padilla, and Emilia Lucio Gomez-Maqueo); (12) "Are There Promising MMPI Substitutes for Assessing Psychopathology and Personality? Review and Prospect" (Ronald R. Holden); (13) "Culturally Relevant Research and Practice with the Rorschach Comprehensive System" (David Ephraim); (14) "Use of the Rorschach Comprehensive System in Europe: State of the Art" (Anne Andronikof-Sanglade); (15) "The Rorschach Comprehensive System in Iberoamerica" (Eugenia V. Vinet); (16) "National Norms for the Rorschach Normative Study in Portugal" (Antonio Abel Pires); (17) "Application of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique in Different Cultures" (Wayne H. Holtzman); (18) "A Psychocultural Approach to TAT Scoring and Interpretation" (David Ephraim); (19) "Use of TAT in Multicultural Societies: Brazil and the United States" (Eliana Herzberg); (20) "Objective Scoring for the TAT" (Alejandro Avila-Espada); (21) "Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Utility of the TEMAS (Tell-Me-a-Story) Test" (Giuseppe Costantino and Robert G. Malgady); (22) "The Once-Upon-a-Time Test" (Teresa Fagulha); (23) "An Assessment Practice with Hispanics in Minnesota" (Sonia I. Carbonell); (24) "Assessment Practices with African Americans: Combining Standard Assessment Measures within an Africentric Orientation" (Edward F. Morris); (25) "Cultural Identity Description and Cultural Formulation for Hispanics" (Israel Cuellar and Genaro Gonzalez); (26) "Assessment of Depression among American Indians and Alaska Natives" (Norman G. Dinges, Mera M. Atlis, and Shawna L. Ragan); (27) "Assessment Issues with Jewish Clients" (Peter F. Langman); and (28) "Teaching Culturally Informed Psychological Assessment" (Steven Regeser Lopez). (Papers contain references.) (SM)

This book contains a collection of essays by Dutch and American scholars on the complex relationship between structural and cultural forces shaping the life chances of ethnic minorities. The papers are: (1) "Introduction: The Role of Culture in Explanations of Social Mobility" (Hans Vermeulen); (2) "Introduction: The Persistence of Culture versus Structure in Recent Work: The Case of Modes of Incorporation" (Joel Perlmann); (3) "What Colour 'Success'? Distorting Value in Studies of Ethnic Entrepreneurship" (Pnina Werbner); (4) "The Cultural Fallacy in Studies of Racial and Ethnic Mobility" (Stephen Steinberg); (5) "Situational and Structural Rationales for the School Performance of Immigrant Youth: Three Cases" (Margaret A. Gibson); (6) "What the Jews Brought: East-European Jewish Immigration to the United States, c. 1900" (Joel Perlmann); (7) "Peasantry and Trading Diaspora: Differential Social Mobility of Italians and Greeks in the United States" (Hans Vermeulen and Tijno Venema); (8) "The Internationalization of Black Culture: A Comparison of Lower-Class Youth in Brazil and the Netherlands" (Livio Sansone); (9) "Creoles and Hindustanis: Patterns of Social Mobility in Two Surinamese Immigrant Groups in the Netherlands" (Mies van Niekerk); (10) "Does Culture Explain? Understanding Differences in School Attainment between Iberian and Turkish Youth in the Netherlands" (Flip Lindo); and (11) "Breaking the Circle of Disadvantage: Social Mobility of Second-Generation Moroccans and Turks in the Netherlands" (Maurice Crul). (Papers contain references.) (SM)

This book contains 22 papers that are designed to situate research and practice in adults learning mathematics within the wider field of lifelong learning and lifelong education. The following papers are included: "Introduction" (Diana Coben, Gail E. FitzSimons, John O'Donoghue); "Review of Research on Adults Learning Mathematics" (Diana Coben); "Section I: Perspectives on Research on Adults Learning Mathematics" (Gail E. FitzSimmons, Gail L. Godden); "Mathematics or Common Sense? Researching 'Invisible' Mathematics through Adults' Mathematics Life Histories" (Diana Coben); "Researching Adults' Knowledge through Piagetian Clinical Exploration--The Case of Domestic Work" (Juan Carlos Llorente); "Understanding Their Thinking: The Tension Between the Cognitive and the Affective" (Janet Duffin, Adrian Simpson); "Section II: Adults, Mathematics, Culture, and Society" (John O'Donoghue); "Mathematics: Certainty in an Uncertain World?" (Roseanne Benn); "Ethnomathematics and Political Struggles" (Gelsa Knijnik); "Statistical Literacy: Conceptual and Instructional Issues" (Iddo Gal); "The Roles of Feelings and Logic and Their Interaction in the Solution of Everyday Problems" (Dhamma Colwell); "Section III: Adults, Mathematics and Work" (Gail E. FitzSimons); "Women, Mathematics and Work" (Mary Harris); "Technology, Competences, and Mathematics" (Tine Wedege); "Mathematics and the Vocational Education and Training System" (Gail E. FitzSimons); "Section IV: Perspectives in Teaching Adults Mathematics" (John O'Donoghue); "Algebra for Adult Students: The Student Voices" (Katherine Safford); "Exploration and Modelling in a University Mathematics Course: Perceptions of Adult Students" (Barbara J. Miller-Reilly); "Assessing Numeracy" (John O'Donoghue); "Adult Mathematics and Everyday Life: Building Bridges and Facilitating Learning 'Transfer'" (Jeff Evans); "Teaching 'Not Less Than Maths, but More': An Overview of Recent Developments in Adult Numeracy Teacher Development in England--With a Sidelong Glance at Australia" (Diana Coben, Noyona Chanda); and "Postscript: Some Thoughts on Paulo Freire's Legacy for Adults Learning Mathematics" (Diana Coben). Most papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN)

This document contains 11 papers about the potential for progressive educational practice in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. "Editorial" (Mae Shaw, Jane Thompson, Liam Bane) discusses the tradition of common purpose in education and the need to tackle social exclusion, educate for active citizenship, and promote lifelong learning and adult and community education. "Returning to the Northern City" (Jane Thompson) discusses current social, economic, and political conditions in the working class neighborhood where she grew up in Northern England. "Contesting Citizenship" (Ian Martin) explores competing traditions of citizenship, learning democracy, linking the local and the global, and stretching the policy discourse. "Making Connections" (Ursula Coleman) considers the nature and purpose of adult education in the Irish context during the first decade of the 21st century. "Learning for Active Citizenship" (Jane Pillinger) explains how growing concerns about the demise of democratic participation in political and civil life has led to new adult education initiatives across Europe. "The Emancipation of Hope" (Paul Nolan) focuses on adult learning and peace building in Northern Ireland and considers the issues of learning and unlearning, community, workplace, and women's groups. "Scotland's Parliament, Civil Society, and Popular Education" (Eurig Scandrett) examines community educators' response to recent constitutional changes in Scotland, with special attention to land reform, gay rights, and the ambiguity of civil society. "The POWER Story" (Margaret Martin) reports on a partnership of two women's organizations and two educational institutions in Ireland. "Inclusive Rhetoric, Exclusive Reality" (Usha Brown) considers the impact of British government policies to reduce poverty. "Reclaiming a Progressive Tradition: A View from South Africa" (Jonathan Grossman) explores changes, continuities, and challenges facing the progressive tradition in South Africa. "Popular Education and the Landless People's Movement in Brazil" (Liam Kane) traces the development of Brazil's Landless People's Movement and discusses its lessons for the United Kingdom. The Scandrett paper contains a substantial bibliography. (MN)

This research forum addresses the question: what is the nature of the mathematical knowledge that is needed for secondary teaching? Six international contributors: (1) Australia (Kaye Stacey); (2) Brazil (Marcelo Borba); (3) Israel (Ruhama Even); (4) Norway (Bodil Kleve and Barbara Jaworski); (5) Taiwan (Fou-Lai Lin); and (6) USA (Helen Doerr) respond by making two claims (one related to an area where progress in research has been made and the other related to dilemmas facing researchers): (1) preparing teachers; (2) teaching practice; (3) research designs and methodologies. This structure provides a way of focusing the discussion among forum participants and a means to develop international points of view on the nature of the mathematical knowledge that is needed for secondary teaching. Contained in this document are the following titles: (1) Preparing Teachers--Progress and Dilemmas; (2) Practicing Teachers--Progress and Dilemmas; and (3) Research Design--Progress and Dilemmas. [For complete proceedings, see ED489178.]

This book contains nine papers devoted to the psychological experience of youth employment and its role in shaping future employment experiences and expectations. "Introduction" (Julian Barling, E. Kevin Kelloway) emphasizes the diversity of young people as a group and the diversity of individual youth's employment experience. "The Nature of Youth Employment" (Catherine Loughlin, Julian Barling) examines relationships between employment quality and young people's work-related attitudes and behaviors. "Learning To Work: The Development of Work Beliefs" (E. Kevin Kelloway, Steve Harvey) explores the impact of learning before and during employment. "Gender Differences in Employment and Income Experiences among Young People" (Serge Desmarais, James Curtis) considers previous and new research on gender and youth employment. "Developmental Consequences of Youth Employment" (Michael R. Frone) reviews developmental outcomes of employment among adolescents. "Child Labor and Exploitation" (Chaya S. Piotrkowski, Joanne Carrubba) discusses child labor in the United States and worldwide. "Occupational Safety and Health in Young People" (Dawn N. Castillo) details the substantial risks that employment poses to U.S. youths. "Reconceptualizing Youth Unemployment" (Graham S. Lowe, Harvey Krahn) documents how school-to-work transition and life course perspectives can enrich a social-psychological understanding of youth unemployment. "Youth and Labor Representation" (Daniel G. Gallagher) reviews current trends and future directions in the relationship between young people and labor unions. All papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN)

The four papers in this volume discuss various facets of the poverty-demography interaction: the rationale for the desired family size of the poor, the problems of attaining such size, the effect of family size/structure on household economy, and the future well-being of the children of the poor. "Mass Poverty, Demography, and Development Strategy: A Selective Survey" (B. Abegaz) is a selective survey of the major economic and demographic characteristics of mass poverty. "Poverty and Household Responses in Rural Bangladesh (Q. M. Khan) explores the linkages between rural poverty and demographic behavior, using 1976-77 data from the Rural Poverty Survey of Bangladesh. "Child Fostering and High Fertility Interrelationships in West Africa" (U. C. Isiugo-Abanihe) examines the interrelationships between socio-cultural and demographic events that arise from the prevalent practice of child fostering, with an emphasis on the practice in Ghana and Nigeria. "Underdevelopment, Urban Growth, and Collective Social Action in Sao Paulo (Brazil)" (C. H. Wood and S. D. McCracken) raises a host of philosophical and substantive issues concerning the nature of the urban labor market in Sao Paulo, Brazil. (BZ)

This edited volume of conference papers contains the following titles: "Presentation: Realism and Idealism in Language Conflict and Their Resolution" (Douglas A. Kibbee); "Legal and Linguistic Perspectives on Language Legislation" (Douglas A. Kibbee); "The Linguistic Rights of Non-English Speaking Suspects, Witnesses, Victims, and Defendants" (Kate Storey); "Great Mischiefs--An Historical Look at Language Legislation" (Ruth Morris); "The Criminalization of Spanish in the United States" (Patricia MacGregor-Mendoza); "Towards Consensus? Standard English in the National Curriculum" (Joan Swann); "Beyond Anglo-Saxon Confederation: The Clash of World Hegemonies in the Language Ideologies of Arthur Balfour and Woodrow Wilson" (Chris Andre); "Anatomy of the English-Only Movement: Social and Ideological Sources of Language Restrictionism in the United States" (James Crawford); "The Courts, the Legislature and Society: The Shaping of Federal Language Policy in the United States" (Thomas Ricento); "Language Rights Arguments in Central Europe and the USA: How Similar Are They?" (Miklos Kontra); "What Happens After English is Declared the Official Language of the United States?" (Terrence G. Wiley); "A Historical Perspective on Language Policy in Russia" (Elena Schmitt); "Majority Language, Minority Misery: The Case of Sri Lanka" (Richard W. Bailey); "On the Eleven-Official Languages Policy of the New South Africa" (Sheila Mmusi); "OAU's Resolutions on African Languages and the State of Their Implementation" (Kahambo Mateene); "Language Policy in Education and the Future of Indigenous Languages in Post-Aparthied South Africa" (Joyce B. Sukumane); "Language and Human Rights in Africa" (Michel Ngussan) "The Case for Brazilian Sign Language: A Deaf Community Finds Its Voice" (Norine Berenz); "Requirements, Dynamics and Realities of Language Use in the EU: A Case Study of the European Commission" (Carsten Quell); "French Language Policy and Francophonie" (Louis-Jean Calvet); "Quebec's Charter of the French Language Twenty Years After" (Gerald Paquette); "The Philosophy of the French Language Legislation: Internal and International Aspects" (Yves Marek); "The Role of the French Language in Maintaining Linguistic Diversity in North America: Some Gluttopolitical Considerations" (Normand Labrie). A bibliography is included, and is divided in general and court decision sections. There are also three indexes -- for personal names, languages, and a general index. Scholarly references appear at the end of each paper. (KFT)

This set of four publications examines contemporary power relations between persons of European and African descent in Brazil, South Africa, and the United States. Using a comparative and multidisciplinary approach, these publications focus on three democracies with large multiracial and multiethnic populations. "Overview Report," which details findings by the Southern Education Foundation's Comparative Human Relations Initiative, features first-person profiles of outstanding Brazilians, South Africans, and individuals from the United States who are involved in the struggle against racism and reflections of members of the working and advisory groups. "Three Nations at the Crossroads" contains in-depth portraits and accessible historical reviews of the three countries by Charles V. Hamilton, Ira Glasser, Wilmot James, Jeffrey Lever, Colin Bundy, Abdias do Nascimento, Elisa Larkin Nascimento, and Nelson do Valle Silva. "In Their Own Voices" is a topically organized reader featuring articles, quotes, and excerpts from speeches by participants in meetings sponsored by the Initiative. These participants include journalists, educators, and policymakers. "Color Collage" contains occasional papers on issues related to racism and inequality. Each volume contains references. A brochure describing the reports is appended. (SLD)

This volume collects several case studies on the relationship between government and higher education in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In particular these studies ask whether specific forms of government regulation help to solve the crisis of higher education in the developing world better than other forms of regulation. The papers are: "Government and Higher Education in Developing Nations: A Conceptual Framework" (G. Neave and F. van Vught); "Ghana: Relations between Government and Universities" (A. Sawyerr); "Kenya: Management of Higher Education in Developing Countries: The Relationship between the Government and Higher Education" (I. M. Omari); "Tanzania: The State and Higher Education" (J. C. Sivalon and B. Cooksey); "Uganda: Higher Education and the State" (T. O. Eisemon); "People's Republic of China: Autonomy and Accountability: An Analysis of the Changing Relationships between the Government and Universities" (W. Min); "India: Government and Higher Education" (T. Majumdar); "Philippines: The Anatomy of the Government-Higher Education Relationship" (A. Gonzalez); "Singapore: University Autonomy versus State Control: The Singapore Experience" (V. Selvaratnam); "Argentina: The Federal Government and the Universities": (C. Marquis); "Brazil: Higher Education and Government" (S. Schwartzman and L. Klein); "Chile: Government and Higher Education" (J. J. Brunner); "Mexico: Towards State Supervision? Changing Patterns of Governance in Mexican Higher Education" (D. C. Levy); "Conclusion" (G. Neave and F. van Vught). Contains a subject index. Most papers contain references. (JB)

This book provides theoretical and practical information to meet the challenge of individualizing instruction for gifted and talented adolescents of different learning styles and different cultural backgrounds. Part 1 consists of six chapters that present the broad theoretical background of giftedness and learning style. It includes the following papers: "Learning Styles of Gifted Students in Diverse Cultures" (Rita Dunn and Roberta M. Milgram); "Identifying Learning Styles and Creativity in Gifted Learners: Subjects, Instrumentation, Administration, Reliability, Validity" (Roberta M. Milgram and Rita Dunn); "Teaching Gifted Adolescents through Their Learning Style Strengths" (Rita Dunn); "Counseling Gifted Adolescents through Learning Style" (Shirley A. Griggs); "Giftedness, Creativity, and Learning Style: Exploring the Connections" (Donald J. Treffinger and Edwin C. Selby); and "Reaching Creatively Gifted Students through Their Learning Styles" (Mark A. Runco and Shawn Okuda Sakamoto). Part 2 presents data on the learning styles of gifted and talented learners in nine countries. Following is a list of the countries covered, with the names of the papers' authors: United States (Rita Dunn and others); Israel (Roberta M. Milgram and Gary E. Price); Philippines (Joanne Ingham and Gary E. Price); Guatemala (Richard Sinatra and others); Korea (Bernadyn Suh and Gary E. Price); Canada (Mary Rue Brodhead and Gary E. Price); Brazil (Solange Wechsler); Egypt (Atef Shaftik Soliman); and Greece (John Spiridakis). The book ends with an overview and integrative summary, by Gary E. Price and Roberta M. Milgram, of the learning styles of gifted and talented learners in the countries studied, comparing cross-cultural differences and similarities. (Contains approximately 450 references.) (JDD)

This book contains a review of the 1994 Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program along with lesson plans from 13 of the participants. The curriculum projects contained in this book include: (1) "The Brazilian Cinema: A Critical Appreciation of An Industry in Turmoil" (Aaron Braun); (2) "Reflections on the Relationship between Brazilian Communities and the Environment" (John G. Clark); (3) "A Program for Freshmen Library Orientation on the Country of Brazil" (Susan B. Coppola); (4) "Brasil" (Brian Fitzpatrick); (5) "The Photography of Workers in Brazil" (Howard M. Fraser); (6) "A Photographic Assessment Reflecting the Degradation of the Atlantic Rainforest of the Serra do Mar, Cubatao, Sao Paulo, Brazil" (Gordon F. Kells); (7) "Project Report" (Nancy Mandlove); (8) "One Man, One City, Problems and Solutions: Jaime Lerner and the Curitiba Program for the Environment" (David McCullough); (9) "Measuring Quality of Life in Brazil" (Rachel A. Nugent); (10) "Using the Fundamental Themes of Geography to Examine Brazil" (Linda Reeves); (11) "Bahian Babbling about Brazil: A Curriculum Unit on 'Brazil and Biodiversity'" (Curtis L. Thompson); (12) "Think Globally-Act Locally: Environmental Issues in Brazilian Society" (Ruth E. Tottle); and (13) "Selected Sites of Environmental Concern in Brazil: An Overview" (Shirley M. Valencia). Most papers contain references. (EH)

This book offers 21 papers in three parts. After (1) "Introduction" (Jacques Maurais and Michael A. Morris), Part 1, "Global Communication Challenges," includes (2) "Towards a New Global Linguistic Order?" (Jacques Maurais); (3) "The Geostrategies of Interlingualism" (Mark Fettes); (4) "Language Policy and Linguistic Theory" (Douglas A Kibbee); (5) "Babel and the Market: Geostrategies for Minority Languages" (Jean LaPonce); and (6) "Forecasting the Fate of Languages" (William F. Mackey). Part 2, "Major Areas," includes (7) "Language Geostrategy in Eastern and Central Europe: Assessment and Perspectives" (Ferenc Fodor and Sandrine Peluau); (8) "Languages and Supranationality in Europe: The Linguistic Influence of the European Union" (Claude Truchot); (9) "Regional Blocs as a Barrier against English Hegemony? The Language Policy of Mercosur in South America" (Rainer Enrique Hamel); (10) "Effects of North American Integration on Linguistic Diversity" (Michael A Morris); (11) "Sociolinguistic Changes in Transformed Central Asian Societies" (Birgit N. Schlyter); (12) "Language and Script in Japan and Other East Asian Countries: Between Insularity and Technology" (Stefan Kaiser); (13) "Sub-Saharan Africa" (Roland J. L. Breton); and (14) "Australasia and the South Pacific" (Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. and Paulin G. Djite). Part 3, "Language of Wider Communication," includes (15) "The International Standing of the German Language" (Ulrich Ammon); (16) "Arabic and the New Technologies" (Foued Laroussi); (17) "Russian in the Modern World" (Vida Io. Mikhalchenko and Yulia Trushkova); (18) "Geolinguistics, Geopolitics, Geostrategy: The Case of French" (Robert Chaudenson); (19) "Towards a Scientific Geostrategy for English" (Grant D. McConnell); and (20) "On Brazilian Portuguese in Latin American Integration" (Maria Da Graca Krieger). The conclusion offers (21) "The Search for a Global Linguistic Strategy" (Humphrey Tonkin). (SM)

Predicated on the fact that most school and state curricula for upper grades include a study of other cultures and that one method for examining Latin American countries and their culture is through an in-depth study of one specific country, this report details a summer travel seminar for 18 U.S. elementary and secondary school teachers to Brazil, the largest country in South America and one with striking similarities to the United States. The report notes that the teachers were exposed to different aspects of Brazil in a way that was interactive and promoted understanding. In addition to acquiring content knowledge, the teachers learned and practiced the tools of research (how to choose a topic, how to find information at the library, how to take notes, how to conduct research on the computer, how to write a research paper, and how to edit). The report is divided into the following broad sections: (1) Program Agenda (outlines travel and activities throughout the country); (2) Participants (lists names, addresses, and school affiliation); and (3) Curriculum Projects (documents all the research projects, including illustrations). (BT)

Harmonized with UNICEF's efforts to reduce hazardous and exploitative forms of child labor, this compilation of key texts examines the area of child labor and basic education. The articles are organized into four main areas covering ideas, debates, evidence, and case studies. The first part provides some definitions of childhood, work, exploitation and education. The second part provides a review of changes in policy attitudes at an international level and presents some of the classical views in both the compulsory education and fertility debates. The cases of India, China, Java and Nepal are considered. The third part examines cases of children working in rural and urban settings, evidence of the importance of primary education for economic development, the relationship between school and work during childhood, and the different reasons why children may be unable to attend school. The final part of the book presents examples of how basic education for working children has been approached in several parts of the world. Suggestions for further reading and a resource section of relevant books, articles, and other materials that can be obtained from academic sources and international agencies is included. (AA)

Adult literacy program outcomes have been disappointing. A number of principals and methods from cognitive and neuropsychological research can be used to make literacy instruction more effective, including the following: improving cognitive function; fast reading; reading practice; literacy as a motivator; and improving use of class time. Cognitive science has been used to understand how literacy shapes the neural system for spoken and written language and to use this information to improve literacy instruction. Research has been done in the areas of human evolution, cognitive limitations of unschooled people, efficient reading skills, reading comprehension, memory, phonological awareness, perceptual learning, and health issues. Materials, methodology and teacher preparation determine how much people learn and retain. Issues that affect literacy learning include, course duration, textbook contents, teacher selection, and social benefits. Governments need to determine whether increased costs of more scientifically based literacy training are worth the benefits. Additional research is needed to determine which methods are more effective and how costs and benefits compare. (Contains the results of a research study in adult literacy, a description of literacy tests, a learner questionnaire, an extensive bibliography and an index.)(SLR)

The collection of essays on teachers as course developers is designed to help teachers understand how to develop courses or modify existing ones using their own experience and the experiences and theories of others. It attempts to capture this process through the stories of six teachers who have developed courses. Each narrative focuses on a specific aspect of course development. Articles include: "Teachers as Course Developers" (Kathleen Graves); "A Framework of Course Development Processes" (Kathleen Graves); "Designing Workplace ESOL Courses for Chinese Health-Care Workers at a Boston Nursing Home" (Johan Uvin); "Designing a Seventh-Grade Social Studies Course for ESL Students at an International School" (Pat Fisher); "Designing an EAP Course for Postgraduate Students in Ecuador" (Maria del Carmen Blyth); "Designing a Writing Component for Teen Courses at a Brazilian Language Institute" (Maria Estela Pinheiro Franco); "Planning an Advanced Listening Comprehension Elective for Japanese College Students" (Barbara Fujiwara); and "A Curriculum Framework for Corporate Language Programs" (Laura Hull). A list of further readings is included and contents are indexed. (MSE)