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In a paper published in 2001 [1] I put forth some empirical evidence, already claimed in the 1980s by Kleinknecht [2] and Vasko [3], that publishing on economic long waves (or Kondratieff waves) seems itself to move along a long wave path. Reckoning the number of publications (books and papers) on long waves since the start of the 20th century my graph suggested the existence of two clusters of publications separated by ∼59 years, each following a logistic trajectory. The first cluster, presenting a ΔT (time to go from 10% to 90% of the complete growth) = 28 years, peaked in the late 1920s, coinciding with apogee and downswing of the 3rd Kondratieff wave (K-wave for short) and in my opinion it corresponded to the period of discovery and diffusion of the long wave concept, the period when the main body of Kondratieff's work was published and also the period that witnessed the uprising of publications on business cycles (not considered in my reckoning). The second cluster, presenting a ΔT = 25 years, peaked in the middle 1980s, coinciding with the downswing of the 4th K-wave and, again in my opinion, it corresponded to a typical phase of proofing the existence, modeling, and theorizing on economic long waves. I concluded then that the unfolding of the second logistic signaled the ceiling of publications on long waves in the coming years, probably heading to a reasonable understanding of the phenomenon. Now, only four years later, this conclusion seems to be incomplete. Indeed, we have observed a diminishing number of publications during the last couple of years (if compared to the huge amount of publications during the 1980s), but not the expected ‘reasonable understanding’. What some chapters of this book reveal is that doubts on the very existence of K-waves increased (coming even from authors that actively published on long waves during the second cluster), or if they in fact exist (or existed), some recent developments may have perturbed their unfolding, in such a way that long waves might be but a temporary historical fact associated perhaps with the onset of the massive capitalistic means of production. We must recognize, however, that considerable progress has been made in understanding the underlying mechanisms driving the long wave behavior of the world socioeconomic development. Despite this progress, one also recognizes that many aspects related to these underlying driving forces remain unsolved. Perhaps the most controversial of these aspects to have endured is the close relationship between K-waves and the outbreak of major wars, first suggested by Kondratieff himself. Social scientists and politicians are well acquainted with the fact that chance events (instantaneous and unforeseeable events of human or physical nature) have been responsible not only for the outbreak of wars, but also have even changed or decided their course and outcome. Notwithstanding, since the last quarter of the 20th century the new recognition of some patterns in the study of warfare may contribute to change this perception. Two main trends in analyzing warfare are now acknowledged: the increasing recognition of the existence of some cyclical patterns of warfare involving the core of the world system, and a shift toward newly evolving patterns involving non-state actors and asymmetric warfare. Moreover, we should add the fact that warfare analysts agree that for the coming decade the threat of a largely bi-polar, superpower-driven global war situation is practically non-existent. Instead, the near term threat for international security comes from conflicts of asymmetric nature, bringing a confusing mix of stateless actors, separatist and fringe independence movements, insurgence operations, terrorist attacks, the use of WMD (Weapons of Mass Destruction), information warfare, and other unconventional threats. There is consensus too that there are few, if any, countries that can militarily challenge the NATO countries in open combat at the present time, a scenario that, however, may change in the long term. The prevailing view has been that warfare is a random occurrence having more or less severe or transitory effects on the economic and social system. Contemporary historians, economists, and other system scientists, who have demonstrated the existence of cyclical patterns, however, are increasingly questioning this view [4–6]. Long wave theorists have shown a clear secular pattern of recurrence of major wars with a period of 50 to 60 years [7–10], as well as a concentration of wars in the upswing phase of the K-wave. Another pattern of 25-year periodicity, probably generation-driven, also emerges from these studies [1,11]. Moreover, simple extrapolation of the secular trend points to a highly probable severe conflict by the middle of the second decade of this century (upswing of next K-wave), involving countries struggling for leadership in [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are concerned in this paper with the overarching technologies in the period corresponding to two Kondratiev cycles. The first, beginning with the downswing of the 4th K-wave will be termed the Information Era, the following one the Molecular Era. The latter is dominated by biotechnology and nanotechnology. The dramatic changes produced, such as the shift in human life patterns and space-time relationship, and the blurring of boundaries between carbon and non-carbon life, raise questions and speculations about the prospects of the Kondratiev cycles in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about the inter-relation of global politics (world security) and the global economy (K-waves). It reviews the current and prospective state of two major processes of global politics: the long cycle (of the rise and decline of world powers), and global political evolution (global level institutional change), and then ask: how they are related to the current Kondratieff (or K-) wave of the rise of the computer-internet industries (as the global leading industrial sectors). The evolution of global politics that is in the long-term period of forming planetary-level organization now offers opportunities for building a global democratic community but also suffers from the structural weaknesses of the institution of global leadership (in the long cycle), and runs into dangers of large-scale warfare two-three decades ahead. Both these processes interact strongly with the current (1975-2026) K-wave that diffuses information technology, lays the information bases of democratization, and enables world-wide cooperation but also diffuses power in the world at large, and to likely competitors. These are not forecasts but rather elements of a framework of orientation for the discussion of the next several decades of some crucial global processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current long wave upswing falls on the phase of deconcentration of Modelski's long cycle. Hence the danger of new world war conflict is arising. These circumstances demand for investigation of possible exact causes of probable war. It's a matter of a sharp necessity to explain the economic motivation fundamentals being the basis for global instability growth. Such kind of investigation seems to be useful for creation and implementation of the instruments intended to resist the danger of global war. Therefore economic nature of the globalization processes should be analyzed in the first place. This kind of investigation shows that the danger of new war in globalized world is connected to resource and financial trends economic dynamics characteristics, as well as to the changes in stimulus for basic innovations formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of reconstructing the occupational profile of one part of London is made the harder by the absence of comparative information for the rest of the capital. The immense physical size of London and the daunting nature of the task involved has restricted work on its occupational make-up. Unlike many towns and cities in pre-industrial England there is no single central source for occupations available. In particular, Freemen's registers (i.e. registers of individuals taking up the freedom of a town or city), which have been used to delineate the occupational structures of some provincial towns, are not extant for London before the later seventeenth century and their representativeness depends on the (as yet unknown) proportion of the adult male population who took up the freedom in later Stuart London. Because of this historians have been forced to nibble at the edges of the problem, either by studying one particular city company or by concentrating on a specific geographical area. Since comparative material is lacking, such studies can give us no real idea of the relative importance of an occupation to the whole of London. Sampling by parish or ward has its drawbacks too, since occupational groups were not spread evenly across the capital. The little that is known of London suggests that certain occupations were often grouped together in specific zones. Hence the concentration of alien silkweaving in Bishopsgate and Spitalfields, dyeing close to the Thames, and gunsmiths around the Tower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter 7 of the book "Legacy of Engagement in Southeast Asia," edited by Ann Marie Murphy and Bridget Welsh is presented. It provides an overview of the evolution of Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the Southeast Asia. It discusses the success of the economic development and growth of both Japan and Southeast Asian nations as well as the Japanese business investment in the area.

Chapter 1 of the book "The Purchase of Intimacy," by Viviana A. Zelizer is presented. It breaks the misunderstanding or misconceptions with respect to intimacy under which it complements with economic activity. It also investigates under what economic conditions, how, and what consequences do people combine transactions with intimate relations. It also details how legal counsels negotiate the coexistence of economic claims and intimate relations on the purchase of intimacy.

Chapter 4 of the book "More Equal Than Others: America From Nixon to the New Century" is presented. The chapter focuses on the so-called "New Economy" of the U.S. during the 1990s, reflected by the performance of the stock market, low unemployment and high economic activity. Details are given analyzing the characteristics of the period in depth, highlighting the weaker points of the system.

Economic long cycles, driven by the uneven and unsteady growth of productive capital, labor and knowledge inputs, imply also intense material and energy flows. But the “human” and the “natural” worlds are two faces of the same fundamental interactive reality as they co-evolve. It is becoming ever more evident that the limits of the “natural” world impose limits to the “human” world. The amounts of finite resources and the rate of use of renewable resources impose constraints to the economic growth. It is questionable whether Kondratieff waves may go on or whether they will be forcibly changed by such natural constraints. When looking at the economic organization and the corresponding social formation at the basis of the world political system, one might expect renewed or unforeseen contradictions and actual conflicts to take place, eventually leading to undecided outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter 22 of the book "The Handbook of Economic Sociology," second edition, edited by Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg is presented. It explores the relationship between the economy and the state that dominated the social science literature and the ways to develop an alternative perspective to organizing economic activity. It highlights the issues on developing and changing societies, industrial welfare states, and supranational governance on economy.

Chapter 24 of the book "The Handbook of Economic Sociology," second edition, edited by Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg is presented. It explores the relationship between welfare state and production regime in the economic activity and system and its future viability. It highlights the theories of the formation and retrenchment of welfare states, the connections between welfare states and labor market arrangements, and the fundamental outcomes of welfare states to human welfare.

Chapter 23 of the book "The Handbook of Economic Sociology," second edition, edited by Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg is presented. It explores the interrelationships between the economy and law and the role of law in sociological accounts for economic behavior and activity. It highlights the concept of law that characterizes both economic sociology and the study in law and economic and the typology of legal environments to understand the legal and economic intersection.

Chapter 19 of the book "The Handbook of Economic Sociology," second edition, edited by Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg is presented. It explores the issues on business groups as they dominate the economic activities of emerging and developed countries and its connection with social organizations. It highlights the efficiency and consequences of business group structure and the future of these business groups in the modern economic activity.

Chapter 18 of the book "The Handbook of Economic Sociology," second edition, edited by Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg is presented. It explores the history of the concept of the informal economy, its varying definitions, and efforts to empirical analysis and measurement approaches. It highlights the paradoxical character of informal economy and activity, the manner in which social structures affect its development, and its functionality for political and economic institutions.

Chapter 17 of the book "The Handbook of Economic Sociology," second edition, edited by Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg is presented. It explores the social networks and the economic life and activity, the nature of the relationships of the players in the economy and the growing returns to investments in market position and relationships. It highlights the expanding empirical literature on economic life and networks and cites the conceptual and theoretical developments in network research.

Chapter 11 of the book "From Subsistence to Exchange and Other Essays," by Peter Bauer is presented. It explores on stereotyping of the politicians, journalists, and academics on the social malaise or economic adversity in Great Britain. It highlights the social ills on the class system of the country and its allegation on the instrument of exploitation and the nature of its economic activity.

Chapter 4 of the book "International Migration in Southeast Asia" is presented. It explores the foreign direct investment and international labor migration in economic development in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. It discusses the significance of economic development on foreign direct investment and international labor migration.

A chapter of the book "We, the "Other Victorians": Considering the Heritage of 19th-Century Thought," edited by Silvia Caporale-Bizzini is presented. It presents information on economist Thorstein Veblen and his study of the problems of the Gilded Age. It mentions the argument of Veblen that actual economic activities always take place in a context of social customs as well as evolved institutions which determine the economic behavior of people. A background of Veblen, who was born in Wisconsin on July 30, 1857, is also presented.

Part 4 of the book "The Bontoc Igorot" is presented. It highlights various economic activities and productivity of the Bontoc Igorot. It explores their production in several activities including hunting, pottery, agriculture, clothing, weapon product, and husbandry. It cites the profit and expenses, division of labor and wages of the Bontoc group as well as their property distribution and sale. It discusses the food and beverages consumption of these people.