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Issue #50 of the Bank Street Occasional Paper Series, "Learning With Treescapes in Environmentally Endangered Times Learning with Treescapes in Environmentally Endangered Times," is intended to be hopeful. Articles in this issue contribute to the envisioning of new practices and to an architecture of knowledge to waymark a more sustainable route into the future. Trees are vital for the present and future health of the planet, its inhabitants, and ecosystems. They store carbon and breathe out oxygen. Their leaves filter dangerous pollutants. Their branches provide shade and a shelter for a myriad of other beings, allowing diverse species to thrive. They provide cooling, control erosion, and filter water. Articles in this issue include stories from teachers and their students about learning with trees, and descriptions of how engagements with trees can transform research and ways of thinking, feeling, and being. Across multiple pieces, authors reflect on how connecting with trees facilitates greater connection among humans and between humans and the more-than-human occupants of our planet.

The 2022 EUROCALL conference was held in Reykjavik on 17-19 August 2022 as a fully online event hosted by the Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Institute for Foreign Languages, the University of Iceland, and the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies. The conference theme was "Intelligent CALL, granular systems and learner data." This theme reflects the newest developments in the field of technology for language learning. Subfields such as natural language processing and machine learning not only enable smoother spoken and written communication between human learners and computers, but also offer ways in which language learning can be tailored to the needs of individual learners. By adding components of automatic speech recognition, text-to-speech systems, automatic feedback mechanisms, and tracking systems monitoring learners' progress and their use of tools, applications are becoming better targeted. All of this is used to optimise the learning experience of individual learners. This volume includes 66 short papers by some of the EUROCALL 2022 presenters and it offers a combination of research studies and theoretical papers reflecting the subthemes of the conference. The articles are ordered alphabetically. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

The 2021 EUROCALL conference engaged just under 250 speakers from 40 different countries. Cnam Paris and Sorbonne Université joined forces to host and organise the event despite the challenging context due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Originally programmed to be held on site in the heart of Paris, France, the EUROCALL organising team and executive committee agreed to opt for a blended and then for a fully online conference. The theme of the 2021 EUROCALL conference was "CALL & Professionalisation". This volume, a selection of 54 short papers by some of the EUROCALL 2021 presenters, offers a combination of research studies as well as practical examples fairly representative of the theme of the conference. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

This anniversary volume of the Association for the Teaching of Spanish in Higher Education in the United Kingdom is a compilation of contributions made by members and delegates at the 2019 ELEUK annual conference held at the University of Edinburgh. Throughout the book, authors share their teaching, assessment, and research practice in the area of Spanish Language Teaching (SLT). From strategies to enhance student engagement and foster student agency to reflections on language teaching practice from diverse angles, these nine short papers contribute to current debates around foreign language pedagogy, with a focus on teaching Spanish in the higher education context. [For the two out of nine papers in this volume written in English, see ED606533 and ED606534.]

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the EUROCALL society succeeded in holding the 28th EUROCALL conference, EUROCALL2020, on 20-21 August as an online, two-day gathering. The transition process required to make this happen was demanding and insightful for everyone involved, and, in many ways, a logical consequence of the core content and purpose of EUROCALL. Who would be better suited to transform an onsite conference into an online event than EUROCALL? CALL for widening participation was this year's theme. We welcomed contributions from both theoretical and practical perspectives in relation to the many forms and contexts of CALL. We particularly welcomed longitudinal studies or studies that revisited earlier studies. The academic committee accepted 300 abstracts for paper presentations, symposia, workshops, and posters under this theme; 57 short papers are published in this volume. We hope you will enjoy reading this volume, the first one to reflect a one hundred percent online EUROCALL conference/Online Gathering. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

The Evaluating and Upscaling Telecollaborative Teacher Education (EVALUATE) project was a European policy experiment funded by Erasmus+ between 2017 and 2019. The EVALUATE consortium trained teacher trainers and organised virtual exchanges which involved over 1,000 student teachers at over 34 initial teacher education institutions in Europe and beyond. Following the successful capstone conference of the EVALUATE project in September 2019, a number of colleagues answered our call for submissions to the proceedings. The articles you find here provide a window into the multifaceted contributions not only to the conference, but to the field of telecollaboration and virtual exchange at large. We hope you enjoy finding out about the many different ways in which our colleagues engage with this innovative pedagogical approach that combines the deep impact of intercultural dialogue and exchange with the broad reach of digital technology. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

Much of the policy-and practice-focused research on infant-toddler care and education has been concerned with the issue of program quality. That is, what elements constitute a quality program for infants and toddlers that ensures their ongoing developmental success? Researchers have sought to identify the structural and process indicators necessary for young children to receive the kinds of responsive interactions that contribute to positive developmental outcomes. Paradoxically, while a lot is known about what constitutes high-quality care and education for infants and toddlers, most policies ignore the research by regulating a bare minimum of requirements for programs. This situation has resulted in significant variation in what infant-toddler programming looks like, where it is located, and who gets access to high-quality programs. This special themed issue of the "Occasional Paper Series" seeks to highlight and challenge assumptions about infant-toddler care and education. All the pieces in the issue can be grouped around two main themes: (1) the centrality of relationship-based care; and (2) the tensions between local/contextual and larger-scale systems-level approaches. The papers call to everyone in the early education field to advocate forcefully for infant-toddler education, for the communities in which it takes place, and for the workforce that facilitates children's development and family members' ability to work outside the home. This collection offers a vision of new pathways and resources that the field might utilize to address the under-resourcing and inadequate attention given to policy and practice addressing the zero to three space.

This volume draws together a selection of papers from YAC2018, the first meeting in the annual Year Abroad Conference series, which took place at Newcastle University in September 2018. The contributions collected here examine some of the opportunities, gains, and challenges the Year Abroad brings for both students and staff. They are presented around the five broad themes around which YAC2018 was organised: mental health, year abroad preparation, student perception of the year abroad, year abroad assessment, and employability. This volume will be of interest to academics and professional services staff involved in the preparation, administration, and management of the year abroad. [Newcastle University and the School of Modern Languages in particular provided organisational and financial support in the preparation of the event.]

The 26th European Association of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (EUROCALL) conference was organised by the University of Jyväskylä (JYU) Language Campus and specifically the Language Centre, in Jyväskylä, Finland. The theme of this year's conference was "Future-proof CALL: language learning as exploration and encounters," which reflects an attempt to envision language teaching and learning futures in a changing world. What brought researchers together this year are shared concerns in relation to the sustainability of language learning and teaching in technology-rich contexts that are marked by ever-increasing complexity. 184 submissions were accepted to be presented as workshops, symposia, individual oral presentations, or posters. The oral presentations were categorised as research, research and development, reflective practice papers, along with presentations on European projects. The collection of short papers in this volume is a very thorough view into the conference proper exhibiting the complexity and novelty of the field of CALL. There are exciting new openings and a more profound exploration of theoretical underpinnings of the contemporary issues in teaching and learning, cross-cultural communication, mobile learning and the like. (Individual papers contain references.)

This volume gives readers insights on the use of technology in professional development programmes and content knowledge that can enrich teacher education. Every chapter of the book builds, through research, an analysis and discussion of CALL [Computer Assisted Language Learning] matters and professional development. The purpose of the EuroCALL Teacher Education Special Interest Group's (SIG) edited volume, supported by the Language Centre of the Cyprus University of Technology, is to respond to the needs of language educators, teacher trainers and training course designers through relevant research studies that provide technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge. The book concentrates on professional development in CALL, the use of technology in primary, secondary, and tertiary education, e-learning facilitators, the integration of personal learning environments, the use of MALL [Mobile Assisted Language Learning], the applications of virtual reality, materials design, the use of ICT [Information and Communications Technologies] in task-based language teaching, and the integration of social media networks in language education. "Professional Development in CALL: A Selection of Papers" is a collection of newly-commissioned chapters which unifies theoretical understanding and practical experience. The EuroCALL Teacher Education SIG hopes that the present contribution will be viewed as a valuable addition to the literature and a worthy scholarly achievement. [Support for this publication was provided by the EuroCALL Association and the Language Centre of the Cyprus University of Technology.]

Trinity College Dublin was proud to host, in April 2016, the Second International Conference on Telecollaboration in Higher Education, with the theme "New Directions in Telecollaborative Research and Practice." Over two and a half days, 150 participants offered 95 research presentations, posters, and "problem shared" sessions. Following a preface (Breffni O'Rourke) and introduction (Sake Jager, Malgorzata Kurek, and Breffni O'Rourke), selected papers from this conference presented herein include: (1) Telecollaboration and student mobility for language learning (Celeste Kinginger); (2) A task is a task is a task is a task… or is it? Researching telecollaborative teacher competence development--the need for more qualitative research (Andreas Müller-Hartmann); (3) Learner autonomy and telecollaborative language learning (David Little); (4) Developing intercultural communicative competence across the Americas (Diane Ceo-DiFrancesco, Oscar Mora, and Andrea Serna Collazos); (5) CHILCAN: a Chilean-Canadian intercultural telecollaborative language exchange (Constanza Rojas-Primus); (6) Multifaceted dimensions of telecollaboration through English as a Lingua Franca (ELF): Paris-Valladolid intercultural telecollaboration project (Paloma Castro and Martine Derivry-Plard); (7) Student perspectives on intercultural learning from an online teacher education partnership (Shannon Sauro); (8) Blogging as a tool for intercultural learning in a telecollaborative study (Se Jeong Yang); (9) Intergenerational telecollaboration: what risks for what rewards? (Erica Johnson); (10) Telecollaboration, challenges and oppportunities (Emmanuel Abruquah, Ildiko Dosa, and Grazyna Duda); (11) Exploring telecollaboration through the lens of university students: a Spanish-Cypriot telecollaborative exchange (Anna Nicolaou and Ana Sevilla-Pavón); (12) A comparison of telecollaborative classes between Japan and Asian-Pacific countries -- Asian-Pacific Exchange Collaboration (APEC) project (Yoshihiko Shimizu, Dwayne Pack, Mikio Kano, Hiroyuki Okazaki, and Hiroto Yamamura); (13) Incorporating cross-cultural videoconferencing to enhance Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) at the tertiary level (Barbara Loranc-Paszylk); (14) Multimodal strategies allowing corrective feedback to be softened during webconferencing-supported interactions (Ciara R. Wigham and Julie Vidal); (15) Problem-solving interaction in GFL videoconferencing (Makiko Hoshii and Nicole Schumacher); (16) Interactional dimension of online asynchronous exchange in an asymmetric telecollaboration (Dora Loizidou and François Mangenot); (17) Telecollaboration in secondary EFL: a blended teacher education course (Shona Whyte and Linda Gijsen); (18) It takes two to tango: online teacher tandems for teaching in English (Jennifer Valcke and Elena Romero Alfaro); (19) Getting their feet wet: trainee EFL teachers in Germany and Israel collaborate online to promote their telecollaboration competence through experiential learning (Tina Waldman, Efrat Harel, and Götz Schwab); (20) Teacher competences for telecollaboration: the role of coaching (Sabela Melchor-Couto and Kristi Jauregi); (21) Preparing student mobility through telecollaboration (Marta Giralt and Catherine Jeanneau); (22) What are the perceived effects of telecollaboration compared to other communication-scenarios with peers? (Elke Nissen); (23) The "Bologna-München" Tandem -- experiencing interculturality (Sandro De Martino); (24) Comparing the development of transversal skills between virtual and physical exchanges (Bart van der Velden, Sophie Millner, and Casper van der Heijden); (25) Making virtual exchange/telecollaboration mainstream -- large scale exchanges (Eric Hagley); (26) Searching for telecollaboration in secondary geography education in Germany (Jelena Deutscher); (27) Communication strategies in a telecollaboration project with a focus on Latin American history (Susana S. Fernández); (28) Students' perspective on Web 2.0-enhanced telecollaboration as added value in translator education (Mariusz Marczak); (29) Intercultural communication for professional development: creative approaches in higher education (Linda Joy Mesh); (30) Illustrating challenges and practicing competencies for global technology-assisted collaboration: lessons from a real-time north-south teaching collaboration (Stephen Capobianco, Nadia Rubaii, and Sebastian Líppez-De Castro); (31) Telecollaboration as a tool for building intercultural and interreligious understanding: the Sousse-Villanova programme (Jonathan Mason); (32) Vicious cycles of turn negotiation in video-mediated telecollaboration: interactional sociolinguistics perspective (Yuka Akiyama); (33) A corpus-based study of the use of pronouns in the asynchronous discussion forums in the online intercultural exchange MexCo (Marina Orsini-Jones, Zoe Gazeley-Eke, and Hannah Leinster); (34) Cooperative autonomy in online lingua franca exchanges: A case study on foreign language education in secondary schools (Petra Hoffstaedter and Kurt Kohn); (35) Emerging affordances in telecollaborative multimodal interactions (Aparajita Dey-Plissonneau and Françoise Blin); (36) Telecollaboration in online communities for L2 learning (Maria Luisa Malerba and Christine Appel); (37) Fostering students' engagement with topical issues through different modes of online exchange (Marie-Thérèse Batardière and Francesca Helm); (38) A conversation analysis approach to researching eTandems--the challenges of data collection (Julia Renner); and (39) DOTI: Databank of Oral Teletandem Interactions (Solange Aranha and Paola Leone). An author index is included. Individual papers contain references.

This issue of "Bank Street Occasional Papers" explores the value of time outside of school. Educators have given relatively little scholarly attention to young people's nonschool lives. Ignored or valorized, nonschool spaces show up in educational research only as a backdrop, implying that school learning is the yardstick by which to measure the young people's lives. Even scholars who focus primarily on nonschool spaces are limited by their inability to theorize nonschool learning without framing it in terms of school learning (Sefton-Green, 2012; Teitle, 2012). Yet this myopic view of school outcomes only serves to narrow the purpose and possibilities of nonschool time. Therefore, the editors of "Bank Street Occasional Papers" asked authors to expand the conversation about young people's lives outside of school. Contributing authors both engage with current literature on nonschool spaces and offer new and exciting ways to conceptualize nonschool activity and learning. Articles in this issue include: (1) What (and Where) Is the "Learning" When We Talk About Learning in the Home? (Julian Sefton-Green); (2) Global Childhoods, Asian Lifeworlds: After School Time in Hong Kong (Nicola Yelland, Sandy Muspratt, and Caja Gilbert); (3) Becoming-Belieber: Girls' Passionate Encounters with Bieber Culture (Kortney Sherbine); (4) Building After-School Islands of Expertise in "Wrestling Club" (Victor Sensenig); (5) Mapping the Social Across Lived Experiences: Relational Geographies and After-School Time (Jennifer A. Vadeboncoeur and Louai Rahal); (6) Changing Through Laughter with "Laughter for a Change" (Laurel J. Felt and Ed Greenberg); (7) Enhanced Participation: Creating Opportunities for Youth Leadership Development (Clara Waloff); (8) Witnessing the Power of El Sistema in Urban Communities: Sister Cities Girlchoir (Erika Kitzmiller); and (9) Playing Outdoors: The Importance of the City as a Playground for Skateboarding and Parkour (Michael Jeffries, Sebastian Messer, and Jon Swords). Individual articles contain references.

Each of the papers in this collection offers a much-needed antidote to the forces that disconnect educators from the places in which they teach, learn, and live. Together, they provide an opportunity to reflect on the power of place in education. This issue offers an opportunity--an invitation--to embrace all that the places both in and outside the classroom have to offer. Individual essays in this paper include: (1) Reclaiming the Promise of Place: An Interview with David Greenwood (Roberta Altman); (2) Playing in Literary Landscapes: Considering Children's Need for Fantasy Literature in the Place-Based Classroom (Sarah Fisher); (3) Guggenheim for All: Museum Education for Students on the Spectrum (Chiara Di Lello); (4) Curtain Up: Place-based Teaching & Learning in the New York City Theater District (Peggy McNamara and Bryan Andes); (5) Place-Based Education: (Re)Integrating Ecology & Economy (Mark T. Kissling and Angela Calabrese Barton); (6) Discovering Place-based Education in the Foothills of the Himalayas (Monimalika Day with Doug Hernandez); (7) Learning Naturally: An Inquiry Study of Streams in Hawaii (Becca Kesler); (8) Nature Preschools: Putting Nature at the Heart of Early Childhood Education (Ken Finch and Patti Ensel Bailie); and (9) Preparing Teachers for Place-based Teaching (Amy Vinlove). Individual essays contain references and figures.

This issue is a Festschrift in honor of Harriet K. Cuffaro, a Bank Street College faculty member from 1968-1998. A Festschrift--a volume reflecting the values, theories, and passions of a senior scholar in a field--seeks to offer scholarship that builds on these contributions. Harriet Cuffaro has touched and shaped more lives of teachers, scholars, and colleagues than can possibly be counted. A teacher in her soul, and an esteemed scholar of John Dewey, Harriet has "unfolded and connected" essential Deweyan ideas and made them accessible and meaningful in the lives of teachers. This Festschrift reflects the core ideas that Harriet brought to the field of early childhood education and the study of John Dewey. Above all, Harriet reminds others that to teach means to have a philosophy of education, to articulate the whys of what teachers do, and to understand that it is this philosophy that guides and shapes the decisions made in the classroom. Individual essays in this Festschrift include: (1) One Perspective on Harriet Cuffaro: A Story of Engagement and Experience (Celia Genishi); (2) Thinking Through Early Childhood (Jonathan Silin); (3) When Unit Blocks Came to Gardaborg (Kristín Einarsdóttir); (4) The Experience of Working and Learning Together (Jane Clarke); (5) Caroline Pratt: Progressive Pedagogy "In Statu Nascendi" (Jeroen Staring); (6) An Inquiry into the Pedagogical Implications of Dewey's Ecological Thinking (Simon Jorgenson); (7) Doing Dewey (Carol Rodgers) [Contains Appendix: "Whispers on the Moon"]; and (8) Presence in Double Vision (Miriam Raider-Roth). Individual essays include references and figures.

The purpose of this monograph is to present documents that discuss issues related to improving access to vocational rehabilitation services and return to work rates of African American Wounded Warriors, Gulf War and Vietnam War Era veterans with disabilities. This monograph also includes a review of relevant literature on barriers to employment for African American Veterans. The 7 documents in this monograph on the rehabilitation of African American Wounded Warriors, Gulf War, and Vietnam War Era veterans with disabilities include a preface and two sections organized into: (1) general documents and (2) "white papers." The two general documents are: "The National Association for Black Veterans (NABVETS): A Brief History and the Mission" (Reverend James Greenwood); and "Veterans Stateside Readjustment Services Available to Wounded Warriors" (Captain Francine Tryon). The four "White Papers are: "The Role of State VR Agencies in Assisting African American Wounded Warriors, Gulf War and Vietnam War Era Veterans with Disabilities to Obtain Competitive Jobs" (Dr. Michael D. O'Brien); "Improving Vocational Rehabilitation Access and Employment Success for African American Homeless Veterans with Disabilities" (Dr. Sonja Feist-Price & Ms. Neena Khanna); "African American Veterans, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Employment" (Dr. Bobbie J. Atkins); and "Barriers to VR Service Access and Return to Work Outcomes among African American Veterans: The Need for Evidence-Based Research and Service Strategies" (Dr. Corey L. Moore, Dr. Jean Johnson and Ms. Nkechi Uchegbu). The authors advocate for the Veterans Administration (VA) and Federal funding entities to consider developing future national research and service initiatives to address barriers to vocational rehabilitation services and successful return to work outcomes among African American Wounded Warriors, Gulf War, and Vietnam War Era Veterans with disabilities. (Contains 1 table and 2 figures.)

What counts as knowledge and whose knowledge counts? When does going away help shape a clearer sense of home, and when does it not? How does living abroad change our perspectives as teachers and learners? The educators who have contributed to this Occasional Paper share a formidable combination of purpose, curiosity, courage, and self-awareness. Reflecting on their choices to live and work in other parts of the world, they offer a provocative range of personal and professional explanations for seeking our the strange and unknown. Their letters from abroad reveal a genuine interest in what matters to others, a capacity to describe people and environments with intriguing detail, and a willingness to reveal themselves as inexpert newcomers. As these essays make clear, no preparation is ever sufficient because what happens always diverges from and exceeds our expectations. Risk-taking and error are inevitable, as integral to each story as the exhilarating discoveries that travel affords. Most important, we learn how these educators came to value the experience of "otherness" in themselves as well as in those they met. Today, we are more mindful than ever of the need for global awareness, understanding, and engagement. "Letters from Abroad" is designed to highlight what some Bank Street colleagues have sought, found, and questioned while working far from home. The editors of the Occasional Papers Series hope these missives from foreign shores will inspire others to set out on explorations of their own, explorations in which they resist the temptation to make the strange familiar and enjoy, if only for a short while, the way that the familiar itself may become strange. After an introduction by Linda Levine, the essays comprising this paper are: (1) What We Bring with Us and What We Leave Behind: Six Months in Post-Apartheid South Africa (Virginia Casper, Donna Futterman, and Evan Casper-Futterman); (2) There and Almost Back Again (Holley Adcock); and (3) Living in the World (David Penberg).

Citizenship is about more than the passport an individual holds; it goes far beyond nationality. The terms of citizenship determine in part who has access to goods, services, and resources and how they are distributed within a community. Rules of citizenship determine who can participate, who can decide about matters of diversity, distribution, inclusion, and exclusion. While citizenship is a useful concept, sometimes it is also a confusing one. The paper provides a brief overview of the concept of governance. It turns to a consideration of the appropriateness of this social initiative by the International Development and Research Centre (IDRC). It examines some of the reasons why Canada's historic and current experience of citizenship might advance IDRC's thinking about a citizenship entry point for its research agenda, and its attempt to answer the key question: "To what extent does the Canadian experience past and present have anything to say about options for Africans?" It provides a brief overview of the four commissioned papers and what they have revealed the links among citizenship, governance, and service delivery in Canada. The paper concludes with an overview of lessons drawn from the Canadian experience. (BT)

This document contains the full text of the following full and short papers on virtual reality in education from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "A CAL System for Appreciation of 3D Shapes by Surface Development (C3D-SD)" (Stephen C. F. Chan, Andy Wai, Jean Chow, and Vincent T. Y. Ng); (2) "A Case Study of Creating Geochemistry Lab of Virtual Reality in Education" (Fung-Chun Li, Jer-Yann Lin, Shyhh-Jiung Liu, Shih-Hua Hsu, Chau-Rong Tarng, Chan-Fu Yieng, and Tzong-Yiing Wu); (3) "A Virtual Reality Application for Middle School Geometry Class" (Ki-Sang Song, ByungRae Han, and Woo Yul Lee); (4) "Constructing a Real-Time CAD Learning System Based on OpenGL in Web-Based Environment" (Wen-Chai Song, Shih-Ching Ou, and Song-Rong Shiau); (5) "Designing Extensible Simulation-Oriented Collaborative Virtual Learning Environments" (Yam San Chee and Yong Bing Khoo); (6) "The Effect of Virtual Reality Learning Transfer with Different Cognitive Style" (Jia-Rong Wen and Li-Ling Hsu); (7) "Using Virtual Environments for Studying Water Phases and Phase Transitions" (Jorge F. Tindade and Carlos Fiolhais); (8) "Using Virtual Reality Courseware To Enhance Secondary School Student Learning in Geosciences" (Hsiao-Shen Wang and Jyr-Ching Hu); (9) "WALTZ: A Web-Based Adaptive/Interactive Learning and Teaching Zone" (Long-Chyr Chang, Heien-Kun Chiang, and Pi-Shin Wey); and (10) "Web-Based Subject-Oriented Learning Program on Geophysics for Senior High School" (Rong-Kuan Yang, Yi-Ben Tsai, and Shi-Jen Lin). Abstracts of the following papers are also included: "Strange Creatures in Virtual Inhabited 3D Worlds" (Jens F. Jensen) and "Virtual Inhabited 3D Worlds and Internet Based Learning Environments" (Jens F. Jensen). (MES)

This document contains the full text of the following full and short papers on methodologies from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "A Methodology for Learning Pattern Analysis from Web Logs by Interpreting Web Page Contents" (Chih-Kai Chang and Kuen-Shan Wang); (2) "Courseware Engineering Methodology" (Lorna Uden and Neil Willis); (3) "Defining Educational R&D: A Content Analysis of Journal Articles and Implications for Instructional Technology" replaced with "From Research to Development: A Content Analysis of Journal Articles" (Alex Rath, Shihkuan Hsu); (4)"Design and Implementation of a Chinese Web-Mail System" (Chang-Sheng Chen, Jian-Liang Liu, and Shian-Shyong Tseng); (5)"Facilitating Examples Understanding through Explicit Questioning" (Isaac P. W. Fung, R. H. Kemp); (6) "Organization of the Introductory and Motivational Stage of Activity in a Computer Tutoring System" (Gennadly Atanov, Vladimir Laktiushin); (7) "Relating Telecommunication Training Objectives to SMEs' Actual Needs" (Paola Forcheri, Maria Teresa Molfino, and Alfonso Quarati); (8) "The 'Half-Life' of Knowledge in the University of the 21st Century" (Roger Mundell, Denise Stockley, Jeanette Muzio, Tanya Wilson, Laureen Vickery); (9) "Towards a Model of Using Information Technology in Education for Pre-Service Teacher Education" (Kai-Ming Li, Yiu, Sing Lam, Pak-Hung Li, and Kwok-Leung Wu); and (10) "Traversing the Case Graphs: A Computer Model for Developing Case-Based Learning Systems" (Isaac P. W. Fung and R. H. Kemp). The abstract of the following paper is also included: "The Rhetoric of the Web--A Semiotic Approach to the Design and Analysis of Web-Documents" (Jens F. Jensen). (MES)

This document contains two papers on globalization versus localization from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction). The first paper, "Implementing Modern Approaches to Teaching Computer Science: A Cross-Cultural Perspective" (Jill Slay and Kam W. Li), examines techniques that may be used to motivate and support computer science learning, focusing on implications for Asia and particularly for mainland China. The second paper, "Reflections on Educational Technology from Female Asian Faculty's (FAF) Perspectives" (Doris Lee, Amy S.C. Leh, Mei-Yan Lu, and Mei-Yau Shih), presents the perspectives of four panelists (four female Asian faculty members) on how the instructional technology field has influenced current faculty development, corporate training, in-service teacher education, and pre-service teacher education. (MES)

This document contains the following papers on international issues in technology and teacher education: "Developing and Researching the International Dimension in Teacher Education and Technology: A SITE Invited Panel" (Niki Davis, Therese Laferriere, Bridget Somekh, Wim Veen, and Jerry Willis); "Integrating ICT into the Curriculum: A Case Study of the Irish 'North South' Project" (Roger Austin and Jane Smyth); "A Modular Approach to Education" (Bruce Elson and Alan Phelan); "Information and Communications Technology: Teachers' and Students' Preconceptions and the Implications for Teacher Education" (D.J. Clare and J.L. Blackwell); "Promoting Collaboration in a European Context Using Multimedia and the World Wide Web" (Brian Hudson, David Owen, Alison Hudson, Eila Jeronen, and Peter Schurz); "Towards a New Curriculum for Pre-Service Teacher Education: A Response to the Challenge of the Information Age" (Marco Snoek, Douwe Wielenga, Karel Aardse, and Joke Voogt); "Preparing Student Teachers to Use ICT at Secondary School: A Course Designed at the University of Zuerich" (Wilfrid Kuster and Fortunat Schmid); "Dialogue of Teachers and Students on the Internet in Poland of the Nineties in the Context of Moulding the Creative Vital Orientations by E. Fromm" (Jacek Gornikiewicz); "Romanian Internet Learning Workshop: Building an International Community of Experts on Learning in the Internet" (Nicolae Nistor, Mihai Jalobeanu, Susan English); "The Teacher's Attitudes towards Computers in Education of Young Children" (Tamara Pribisev and Sanja Cvijic Vuckovic); "A Discussion on Integration of Educational Technology into Turkish Educational System: Is It a Tool or Aim?" (Selcuk Ozdemyr); "What Computer Education & Instructional Technology Means to Pre-Service Teachers: A Case Study of a Turkish State University" (Omer Delyalyodlu); "Furnishing Turkish Preservice Teachers with IT Skills: Hope or Hype?" (Soner Yildirim); "Preservice Teachers' Perceptions of Computer: Time Dependent Computer Attitude Survey" (Ask n Asan); "Ukrainian Teacher Education in Transition: What Role Can Technology Play?" (Valentyna Kolomiyets); "Teacher Education in Russia: History and Transition" (Ludmila Gombozhabon); "The Experience of a Teacher Educator in the Use of IT in Primary Classrooms" (Winnie So Wing-Mui, Vincent Hung Hing-Keung, Jacky Pow Wai-Cheong);"Gender-Related Differences in Computer Anxiety among Technological College Students in Taiwan" (Shwu-Yong L. Huang and Liu Yeon-Chaw); "The In-Service Training Programs for Primary School Teachers To Use Information Technology in Australia and in Taiwan" (Min-Jin Lin and Ching-Dar Lin); "Teachers Readiness in Using Computers in Classroom--A Study in Malaysia" (Haryani Haron and Sharifah Muzlia Syed Mustafa); "Advocating Reflective Learning in a Teacher Training Program" (Soo-Lin Teh and Fitri Suraya Mohamad); "Distance Education Based on Computer Networks in Chile Universidad de Concepcion A Special Case" (Jose Duran Reyes and Maria Ines Solar Rodriguez); "Telematics in Professional Training: New Horizons and Possibilities" (Airton Cattani); "The Integration University--School in the Development of Collaborative Projects through Internet" (Gisela E.T. de Clunie, Damaris Gonzalez, and Zenith Hernandez); "Teachers and Trainee Teacher Perceptions about Information and Communication Technology Tools During a Multicultural European Activity" (Adriane Pierrou and Christian Bessiere). Individual papers contain references. (MES)

The papers in this collection focus on ways higher education institutions might better promote strategies for the internationalization of teaching, learning, research, and other services. The papers explore the rationale of internationalization, the main barriers to internationalization, the distinction between globalization and internationalization, and the growth of transnational education. The papers are: (1) "Changing Rationales for the Internationalization of Higher Education" (Hans de Wit); (2) "Missing in Action: Leadership for International and Global Education for the Twenty-First Century" (Josef A. Mestenhauser); (3) "'The Show Is Not the Show/But They That Go': The Janus-Face of the Internationalized University at the Turn of the Century" (Dorothea Steiner); and (4)"Transnational Education and Recognition of Qualifications" (Lesley A. Wilson and Lazar Vlasceanu). The first two papers contain references. (SLD)

This document contains the full and short papers on system design and development from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction) covering the following topics: a code restructuring tool to help scaffold novice programmers; a framework for Internet-based distributed learning; a methodology for learning pattern analysis from World Wide Web logs; a novel distance learning system; an adaptive learning environment framework; an educational system that can visualize behavior of programs on the domain world; a multimedia composition-making system for children; a campus distance learning system using Multicast; the multi-tier architecture of component-oriented multimedia CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) systems on the Internet; CAI system generator on the Web using automatic trace recording; CoCoAJ (Communicative Collection Assisting System for Java) supporting online correction of hypermedia documents for CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning); an in-service training Web site for school teachers; a content analysis of journal articles and implications for instructional technology; a Chinese Web-mail system; an N-tiered heterogeneous virtual school administration system; a Web-based school official memorandum system; teaching models in Web-based teacher training; design of multiple metaphors in user interface; a Web-based action learning environment; a Web-based learning environment for overseas Chinese education; a Web-based language learning environment; 3D simulation programs for classical mechanics; a Web system to support computer exercises; a CAI system with character code discrimination on a Web environment; an intelligent learning support system with a large knowledge base; an object-oriented learning environment based on XML (eXtensible Markup Language); integrating information technology with language pedagogy for a second language online writing system; an Internet video on demand system of classroom teaching cases; knowledge analysis of tasks for courseware design; making the most of the Internet's potential for education; natural language-like knowledge representation for multimedia educational systems; an XML-based knowledge sharing and management system supporting research activities; real-time handwriting communication systems for distance education and collaborative learning; application of uncertainty reasoning for an intelligent tutoring system; automatic construction of teaching materials from course outlines; a learning support system for converting Web pages; estimation of music genres using neural network and its educational use; usability aspects of a universal brokerage and delivery system for Pan-European higher education; use of abstraction levels in the design of intelligent tutoring systems; using highly sophisticated middleware for building arbitrarily distributed teaching environments; and Xtrain--a GUI (Graphical User Interface)-based tool for multimedia presentations instruction, and research. (MES)

This document contains full and short papers on World Wide Web-based learning from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction). Topics covered include: design and development of CAL (Computer Assisted Learning) systems; design and development of WBI (Web-Based Instruction) systems; application of the Internet to cooperative and traditional learning; a WBI system supporting individual learning styles; a multinational virtual learning community; Internet-based distributed learning; interactive learning systems; collaborative teaching for creative learning; networked constructive CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) systems; the effectiveness of a Web-based collaborative learning system on mathematics; corporate trainers' experiences with Intranet-based training; building mathematics collaborative learning Web sites; building multi-tier component-oriented multimedia CAI systems; CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) in cooperative learning environments; intelligent tutoring systems; constructing an in-service training Web site for teachers; constructing a real-time CAD (Computer Assisted Design) learning system; teaching models in Web-based teacher training; measuring the effectiveness of Web-based learning materials; developing a Web concordance for ESL (English as a Second Language) learners; domain specific information clearinghouses; student learning styles, motivation, learning strategies, and achievement in Web-based learning; a second language online writing system; learner control in technology-mediated learning within a constructivist model; schema theory-based instructional design of asynchronous Web-based language courses; analysis of social discourse in a network-based learning community; the Internet-based educational resources of the U.S. government; and virtual reality. (MES)

This document contains the following full and short papers on virtual laboratories, classrooms, and schools from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "A Collaborative Learning Support System Based on Virtual Environment Server for Multiple Agents" (Takashi Ohno, Kenji Saito, Hajime Saitoh, and Takashi Maeda); (2) "A Constructivist Virtual Physics Laboratory" (Fu-Kwun Hwang); (3) "A Distributed Backbone System for Community-Based Collaborative Virtual Universities" (Qun Jin, Jingde Cheng, Hiroaki Ogata, and Yoneo Yano); (4) "A Flexible Transaction Model for Virtual School Environments" (Woochun Jun and Sukki Hong); (5) "A Virtual Classroom for Algorithms with Algorithmic Animation Support" (Jian Shyu Shyong, Yin Te Tsai, and R.C.T. Lee); (6) "Agent-Oriented Support Environment in Web-Based Collaborative Learning" (Tomoko Kojiri and Toyohide Watanabe); (7) "Building the Virtual Classroom for the New Millennium" (Chien-Chih Lee); (8) "Design and Implementation of a N-Tiered Heterogeneous Virtual School Administration System" (Huang Gooshyon); (9) "Developing an IT-Immersion Environment To Enhance Learning and Teaching in Design and Technology" (Ting Kau Lo, Wing Kee Au, and Wai Ming Yip); (10) "Development of the Web-Based Classroom System To Be Implemented by the Teachers" (Go Ota and Kanji Akahori); (11) "Models and Strategies for Promotion of Distance Learning in Primary Schools and High Schools" (Jia-Rong Jerome Wen, Chia Chin Li, and Jian Jie Dung); (12)"Monitoring and Verifying Mathematical Proofs Formulated in a Restricted Natural Language" (Peter Schmidt); (13) "Simulating Engineering Professional Practice Using an Interactive Web-Based Resource: A Virtual Engineering Consultancy Company (VECC)" (Robert M. Corderoy and Paul Cooper); (14) "The Status of Cyber University in Korea and Its Future Direction" (Sukhee Wang and Youngsil Kim); (15) "Two Types of Virtual School in INET Supported by Teacher's Group--Collaboration Type and Loosely Connected Type" (Shoichi Kinosita and Nobuyuki Arakawa); (16) "WALTZ: A Web-Based Adaptive/Interactive Learning and Teaching Zone" (Long-Chyr Chang, Heien-Kun Chiang, and Pi-Shin Wey); and (17) "Web-Based Subject-Oriented Learning Program on Geophysics for Senior High School" (Rong-Kuan Yang, Yi-Ben Tsai, and Shi-Jen Lin). (MES)

This document contains the full and short papers on teaching and learning processes from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction) covering the following topics: a code restructuring tool to help scaffold novice programmers; efficient study of Kanji using mnemonics and software; a networked constructive CAI (Computer-Assisted-Instruction) system using a multiplication concept; the relation between touch-typing skill and thinking-typing; an assessment framework for information technology integrated instruction; cognitive effects of collaborative learning processes on students' computer programming; application of the Gray relationship matrix and learning obstacles analysis to discovery teaching; staff development for teaching and learning online; comparing computer anxiety by gender among technological college students; a cross-national comparison of computer anxiety and locus of control between preservice teachers in Taiwan and the United States; computer-mediated language learning; the gap between the discourse and the application of socio-constructivist principles of preservice teachers using information and communication technologies; a log-file analysis program for assessing navigation processes; evaluating educational multimedia; evaluation of class organization in computer literacy education; evaluation of the World Wide Web-based learning system; developing successful collaborative projects between European initial teacher education students; evaluating children interacting, collaborating, and learning with computers; facilitating examples understanding through explicit questioning; information technology in instrumental music teaching and learning; learning from the learning of other students; making the most of the Internet's potential for education; networked constructive CAI system putting emphasis on communication and discussion; online ESL (English as a Second Language) learning; the introductory and motivational stage of activity in a computer tutoring system; female Asian faculty's perspectives on educational technology; strategies for searching on the Web; factors to consider prior to designing computer-assisted learning for higher education; students' attitude toward WPSS (Web-based Performance Support Systems) in supporting classroom learning; students' thinking processes when learning with computer-assisted mass lectures; telementoring in surgery; the "half-life" of knowledge in the university of the 21st century; social discourse in a network-based learning community; the artistic interface; the dynamic knowledge generation and the learning potential ability; the distance ecological model to support self/collaborative learning in the Internet environment; students' reactions to the process of learning programming; the difficulty of asynchronous learning materials based on time distribution; using information technology in education for preservice teacher education; using virtual environments for studying water phases and phase transitions; and a Web-based subject-oriented learning program on geophysics for senior high school. (MES)

This document contains the following full and short papers on telecommunications in education from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "A Flexible Transaction Model for Virtual School Environments" (Woochun Jun and Sukki Hong); (2) "Design and Implementation of a WWW-Based School Official Memorandum System" (Gi-Ping Lee, Yue-Shan Chang, and Ching-Chuan Chou); (3) "Design and Implementation of Web-Based Learning System for Teacher-Training Programme" (Wai-Ming Yip and Wing Kee Au); (4) "Development of Japanese-English, English-Japanese Conversation System with Voice Reading and Machine Translation" (Yumemi Matsuzaki and Kanji Akahori); (5) "The Gathering and Filtering Agent of Educational Newspaper for NIE" (Chul-Hwan Lee, Sun-Gwan Han, and Hee-Seop Han); (6) "Integrating Electronic Mail Systems in Computer Literacy Instruction: Its Impacts on Student Attitudes and Interpersonal Relationships" (Fu-Yun Yu); (7) "Network Usage Survey and Its Analysis with Related Factors between University Students and Occupational Groups in Taiwan" (Gin-Fon Nancy Ju); (8) "Online ESL Learning: An Authentic Contact" (Yu-Chih Doris Shih and Lauren Cifuentes); (9) "Relating Telecommunication Training Objectives to SMEs' Actual Needs" (Paola Forcheri, Maria Teresa Molfino, and Alfonso Quarati); and (10) "Web Based Real Plus Virtual Observatory Project" (Masato Soga, Takuma Okuno, and Hideaki Kawanishi). (MES)

This document contains the following full and short papers on special education from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "Automated Quantitative Extraction Method of Aesthetic Impression from Color Images Using the Tone in the HLS Muncell Color Space" (Toshinori Yamasaki, Tetsuo Hattori, and Yukihiro Matsubara); (2) "Present State and Future Direction of Woman Informatization Education in Korea" (In-Hwan Yoo, Chul-Hyun Lee, Soo-Bum Shin, and Tae-Wuk Lee); (3) "Research on Teaching Da-Yi Chinese Keyboarding by Using Adaptive Input Interface" (Ming-Chung Chen, Hwa-Pey Wang, and Lih-Ching Chen Wang); and (4) "The Effectiveness of Integrating Adaptive Computer Device and Stimulus Fading Strategy on Word-Recognition for Students with Moderate Mental Retardation" (Ming-Chung Chen, Tien-Yu Li, Hwa-Pey Wang, and Kou-Ping Yang). (MES)

This document contains the following full and short papers on policies, ethics, standards, and legal issues from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "A Study on the School Information Technology Pilot Scheme: Possibilities of Creative and Lifelong Learning" (Siu-Cheung Kong, Wing-Kee Au, and Sai-Wing Pun); (2) "Health Risks with Computer Use in New Zealand Schools" (Kwok-Wing Lai); (3) "Information Technology Competency for Hong Kong Teachers--A New Era and a New Paradigm" (Wing Kee Au, Siu Cheung Kong, Kin Ping Leung, Eugenia Mee Wah Ng, and Sai Wing Pun); (4) "Present State and Future Direction of Woman Informatization Education in Korea" (In-Hwan Yoo, Chul-Hyun Lee, Soo-Bum Shin, and Tae-Wuk Lee); (5) "Space Plan for Effective Educational Software Utilization in Korea" (Soo-Bum Shin, Chul-Hyun Lee, In-Hwan Yoo, and Tae-Wuk Lee); and (6) "Using Learning Object Meta-Data in a Database of Primary and Secondary School Resources" (Daniel D. Suthers). (MES)

This document contains the full and short papers on interactive learning environments from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction) covering the following topics: a CAL system for appreciation of 3D shapes by surface development; a constructivist virtual physics laboratory; a distributed backbone system for community-based collaborative virtual universities; a Java-based interactive learning system for junior high school level geometry; a learning environment for problem posing in simple arithmetical word problems; the effectiveness of a World Wide Web-based collaborative learning system on school mathematics; a Web-based interactive exercise system for learning mathematical functions; situated learning and college students; an environment for learning by design; implementation of a campus distance learning system using Multicast; an interactive game system to stimulate word associations; an online intelligent tutoring system for elementary algebra; application of the gray relationship matrix and learning obstacles analysis to discovery teaching; construction of an in-service training Web site for school teachers; construction of a real-time CAD learning system in a Web-based environment; extensible simulation-oriented collaborative virtual learning environments; an effective Web-based learning environment for overseas Chinese education; an information technology-immersion environment to enhance learning and teaching in design and technology; a cross-cultural communication system and Web-based Japanese education; a Web-based multi-server testing system; a log-file analysis program for assessing navigation processes; interactive explanations using both images and texts for Micro World; a Web-based interactive learning environment; electronic mail systems in computer literacy instruction; the Internet video-on-demand system of classroom teaching; learner control in technology-mediated learning within a constructivist model; algorithm design through interactive simulation; digital logic design by concept mapping; computer-mediated communication in remote off-campus cross-cultural contexts; MathCAL's diagnostic sub-system; meta-knowledge agent; the network usage survey related to university students and occupational groups in Taiwan; a networked constructive CAI system; real-time handwriting communication systems for distance education and collaborative learning; engineering professional practice using an interactive Web-based resource; students' thinking processes when learning with computer-assisted mass lectures; the application of scaffolding theory on the elemental school acid-basic chemistry Web; dynamic knowledge generation and the learning potential ability; the externalization support system of self-explanation for learning problem-solving process; the impact of learning style on group cooperative learning; the usability aspects of a universal brokerage and delivery system for the Pan-European higher education; virtual inhabited 3D worlds and Internet-based learning environments; a language learning system on the Web; and Web-supported environments for learning and teaching statistics. (MES)

This document contains the following full and short papers on student modeling from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "A Computational Model for Learner's Motivation States in Individualized Tutoring System" (Behrouz H. Far and Anete H. Hashimoto); (2) "A Fuzzy-Based Assessment for Perl Tutoring System" (Tang Ya, Keith C. C. Chan, Albert Wu, and Pinata Winoto); (3) "An XML-Based Tool for Building and Using Conceptual Maps in Education and Training Environments" (Juan-Diego Zapata-Rivera, Jim E. Greer and John Cooke); (4) "Controlling Problem Progression in Adaptive Testing" (Roger E. Cooley and Sophiana Chua Abdullah); (5) "Development and Evaluation of a Mental Model Forming Support ITS--The Qualitative Diagnosis Simulator for the SCS Operation Activity" (Toru Miwata, Tatsunori Matsui, Toshio Okamoto, and Alexandra Cristea); (6) "Intelligent Interactive Learning Environment: Design Issues" (Siu-Cheung Kong and Lam-For Kwok); (7) "Microgenetic Analysis of Conceptual Change in Learning Basic Mechanics" (Gary Chon-Wen Shyi and Shih-Tseng Tina Huang); (8) "Peer Help for Problem-Based Learning" (Susan Bull and Jim Greer); (9) "The Research on Difficulty of Asynchronous Learning Materials Based on Studying Time Distribution" (Wu-Yuin Hwang and Rueng-Lueng Shiu); and (10) "Using Decision Networks for Adaptive Tutoring" (Peng-Kiat Pek and Kim-Leng Poh). (MES)

This document contains the full and short papers on multimedia and hypermedia in education from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction) covering the following topics: learner-centered navigation path planning in world Wide Web-based learning; the relation between touch-typing skill and thinking-typing; a virtual classroom for algorithms with algorithmic support; an adaptive navigation support with reorganized learning resources for Web-based learning; design and use of a multimedia composition-making system for children; an automated quantitative extraction method of aesthetic impression from color images; building the multi-tier architecture of component-oriented multimedia CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) systems on the Internet; CAI system generator on the Web using automatic trace recording; CoCoAJ (Communicative Collection Assisting System for Java)--supporting online correction of hypermedia documents for CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning); designing and implementing CAI programs for adult literacy learners; design for interactivity; design of multiple metaphors in user-interface; development of 3D simulation programs for classical mechanics; evaluating educational multimedia; learner control in technology-mediated learning within a constructivist model; learners' structural knowledge and perceived disorientation in a hypermedia environment--the effects of information conveying approaches and cognitive styles; learning algorithm design through interactive simulation; making exploration history interactive for Web-based learning; models and strategies for promotion of distance learning in primary schools and high schools; multimedia design for chemical visualization; multimedia intelligent tutoring system for context-free grammar; multimedia whiteboard design in Web-based remote cooperative education system; multimedia-based teaching material for learning digital signal processing; MyEnglishTeahcer--a Web system for academic English teaching; natural language-like knowledge representation for multimedia educational systems; supporting semantic indexing in a mediabase system that facilitates collaborative learning; SimPCS: a Web-based PCS (Personal Communication System) learning tool; students' thinking processes when learning with computer -assisted mass lectures; system development for learning through the Internet, providing function to make Chinese characters readable for students; the automated teaching assistant--automatic contraction of teaching materials from course outlines; the criteria and evaluation of metadata/keywords in image retrieval; the development and evaluation of a learning support system for converting Web pages; the estimation of music genres using neural network and its educational use; the rhetoric of the Web--a semiotic approach to the design and analysis of Web-documents; visual presentation format and knowledge discrepancy in scientific learning; and Xtrain--a graphical user interface-based tool for multimedia presentations, instruction, and research. (MES)

This document contains the following full and short papers from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "A Code Restructuring Tool To Help Scaffold Novice Programmers" (Stuart Garner); (2) "An Assessment Framework for Information Technology Integrated Instruction" (Chuan-Shih Wang and Chia-Chin Li); (3) "An Authoring Shell with Intelligent Reuse" (Kam W. Li, Jill Slay, and Warren James); (4) "An Educational Application of Integrated Route Information Service on the Internet" (Tun-Wen Pai, Chao-Lin Liu, and Chih-Yao Yang); (5) "Analyses of Cognitive Effects of Collaborative Learning Processes on Students' Computer Programming" (Jun Moriyama); (6) "Design and Implementation of a N-Tiered Heterogeneous Virtual School Administration System" (Huang Gooshyon); (7) "Design and Implementation of a WWW-Based School Official Memorandum System" (Gi-Ping Lee, Yue-Shan Chang, Ching-Chuan Chou); (8) "DIYexamer: A Web-Based Multi-Server Testing System with Dynamic Test Item Acquisition and Discriminability Assessment" (Ying-Dar Lin, Wen-Chun Sun, Chien Chou, Huan-Yun Wei); (9) "Empowering Secondary School Teachers To Effectively Exploit Internet Resources for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning" (Y. T. Yu and B. C. Chiu); (10) "Examining Problems of Student Teachers To Build a Web-Supported Environment" (Shihkuan Hsu and Hsiou-Huai Wang); (11) "Implementing Modern Approaches to Teaching Computer Science: A Cross-Cultural Perspective" (Jill Slay and Kam W. Li); (12) "Initial Evidence for Representational Guidance of Learning Discourse" (Daniel D. Suthers); (13) "Learning from the Learning of Other Students" (Stuart Garner); (14) "Localization of a Feature Extraction Area for Touch-Type Training Using a Camera" (Masayuki Arai, Hiroyoshi Watanabe, Kenji Oguri, and Shigeo Takei); (15) "Present State and Future Direction of Woman Informatization Education in Korea" (In-Hwan Yoo, Chul-Hyun Lee, Soo-Bum Shin, and Tae-Wuk Lee); (16) "Reflections on Educational Technology from Female Asian Faculty's (FAF) Perspectives" (Doris Lee, Amy S. C. Leh, Mei-Yan Lu, and Mei-Yau Shih); (17) "Space Plan for Effective Educational Software Utilization in Korea" (Soo-Bum Shin, Chul-Hyun Lee, In-Hwan Yoo, and Tae-Wuk Lee); (18) "The Web of the Teacher Professional Development" (Chia-Ling Hsu, Hsiao-Ching She, and Min-Sheng Lin); and (19) "Using Learning Object Meta-Data in a Database of Primary and Secondary School Resources" (Daniel D. Suthers). (MES)

This document contains the following full and short papers on networked social learning from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1)" A European Learning Environment: Reflections on Teaching and Learning in a Multinational Virtual Learning Community" (Brian Hudson, Ahmed El-Gamal, Amal Gouda, Eric Knutsen, Merja Ruotsalainen, Antti Peltonen, Minna Pesonen, and Tarja Tervola); (2) "Is a Learning Theory Harmonious with Others? To Form Effective Collaborative Learning Groups with Ontological Engineering" (Akiko Inaba, Thepchai Supnithi, Mitsuru Ikeda, Riichiro Mizoguchi, and Jun'ichi Toyoda); (3) "Network Usage Survey and Its Analysis with Related Factors between University Students and Occupational Groups in Taiwan" (Gin-Gon Nancy Ju); (4) "Online Education: A Learner-Centered Model with Constructivism" (Kam Hou Vat); (5) "Peer Help for Problem-Based Learning" (Susan Bull and Jim Greer); (6) "The Interactive Virtual Community" (Pen-Choug Sun, Chien-Chang Lee, Chun-Wen Hsu, Shower-Long Hong, and Jui-Chun Tai); and (7) "The Network Learning Supported by Constructivism" (Song-Min Ku). (MES)

This document contains the following full and short papers on lifelong learning from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "A Study on the School Information Technology Pilot Scheme: Possibilities of Creative and Lifelong Learning" (Siu-Cheung Kong, Wing-Kee Au, and Sai-Wing Pun); (2) "Attitudes of Older Taiwanese Adults toward the Elderhostel Model of Residential Educational Programs" (Bobbie T. Biggs and Hsiu-Ying Chang); (3) "CedarLearning: The Development of Learner-Centred Environments" (Tanya Wilson, Jeanette Muzio, Roger Mundell, Denise Stockley, Laureen Vickery); (4) "Design and Implement CAI Programs for Adult Literacy Learners" (Pi-Chi Chen); (5) "Development and Evaluation of Web-Based In-Service Training System for Improving the ICT Leadership of Schoolteachers" (unavailable in English); (6) "Empowering Secondary School Teachers To Effectively Exploit Internet Resources for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning" (Y. T. Yu and B.C. Chiu); (7) "Learning from the Learning of Other Students" (Stuart Garner); (8) "Strategies for Searching in the WWW" (Meng-Jung Tsai); (9), The Development of a Multimedia Program for Teachers To Integrate Computers into the English Curriculum" (Ya-Fung Chang); (10) "The Production of Web-Based Interactive Video from Structured Script" (Cheng-Huang Yen); and (11) "The Web of the Teacher Professional Development" (Chia-Ling Hsu, Hsiao-Ching She, and Min-Sheng Lin). (MES)

This document contains the following full and short papers on knowledge construction and navigation from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "An XML-Based Tool for Building and Using Conceptual Maps in Education and Training Environments" (Juan-Diego Zapata-Rivera, Jim E. Greer, and John Cooke); (2) "CedarLearning: The Development of Learning-Centred Environments" (Tanya Wilson, Jeanette Muzio; Roger Mundell, Denise Stockley, and Laureen Vickery); (3) "Controlling Problem Progression in Adaptive Testing" (Roger E. Cooley and Sophiana Chua Abdullah); (4) "Cooperative Monitoring System Using Mobile Agent" (Young-Gi Kim, Sun-Gwan Han, and Jae-Bok Park); (5) "Development and Evaluation of a Mental Model Forming Support ITS--The Qualitative Diagnosis Simulator for the SCS Operation Activity" (Toru Miwata, Tatsunori Matsui, Toshio Okamoto, and Alexandra Cristea); (6) "Domain Specific Information Clearinghouses--A Resource Sharing Framework for Learners" (Wong Pei Yuen, Yeo Gee Kin, David Crookall, and Lua Tse Min); (7) "The Gathering and Filtering Agent of Education Newspaper for NIE" (Chul-Hwan Lee, Sun-Gwan Han, and Gee-Seop Han); (8) "Learners' Structural Knowledge and Perceived Disorientation in a Hypermedia Environment: The Effects of Information Conveying Approaches and Cognitive Styles" (Jim Jiunde Lee); (9) "Learning Protocols for Knowledge Discovery: A Collaborative Data Mining Approach to Creative Science Education" (Feng-Hsu Wang); (10) "Navigation Script for the World Wide Web" (Sachio Hirokawa; Kengo Nishino; and Daisuke Nagano); (11) "Proposal of an XML-Based Knowledge Sharing and Management System Supporting Research Activities" (Kyoko Umeda, Takami Yasuda, and Shigeki Yokoi); (12) "Scientific Revolutions and Conceptual Change in Students: Results of a Microgenetic Process Study" (Benson M. H. Soong and Yam San Chee); (13) "The 'Half-Life' of Knowledge in the University of the 21st Century" (Roger Mundell, Denise Stockley, Jeanette Muzio, Tanya Wilson, and Laureen Vickery); (14) "The Artistic Interface--A Transition from Perception to Screen" (Peter D. Duffy); (15) "The Discussion on the Dynamic Knowledge Generation and the Learning Potential Ability" (Chao-Fu Hong, Chiu-e Chen, Ming-Hua Hsieh, Cheng-Kai Huang, and Shih-Hsiung Chang); (16) "A Distance Ecological Model To Support Self/Collaborative-Learning via Internet" (Toshio Okamoto); (17) "The Internet-Based Educational Resources of the U.S. Federal Government" (Andy Wang and Krishelle Leong-Grotz); and (18) "The Network Learning Supported by Constructivism" (Song-Min Ku). (MES)

This document contains the full and short papers on evaluation of learning and systems from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction) covering the following topics: a new method for efficient study of Kanji using mnemonics and software; a study on the relation between touch-typing skills and thinking-typing; effects of situated learning on college students; modeling an educational domain; an assessment framework for information technology integrated instruction; the effectiveness of World Wide Web-based application for mailing list; design and use of a multimedia composition-making system for children; applicability of an educational system assisting teachers of novice programming to actual education; defining educational research and development--a content analysis of journal articles and implications for instructional technology; design and evaluation of constructivist Web-based instructional systems; design and implementation of cooperative monitoring agent using mobile agent; development and evaluation of a Web-based in-service training system for improving the information and communications technology leadership of school teachers; development of a LAN (Local Area Network)-based formative evaluation module as an instructional management system; development of a Web system to support computer exercises and its operation; EDASEQ (Exploratory Data Analysis for Sequential Data)--a log-file analysis program for assessing navigation processes; evaluating educational multimedia; evaluation of class organization in computer literacy education; evaluation of the Web-based learning system; developing successful collaborative projects between European initial teacher education students; evaluating children interacting, collaborating, and learning with computers; implementation of an internal execution simulator and its application to computer literacy education; criteria and evaluation of metadata/keywords in image retrieval; the difficulty of asynchronous learning materials based on time distribution; the usability aspects of a universal brokerage and delivery system for the Pan-European higher education; the suitability of the keyboarding or non-keyboarding Chinese input method for sixth-grade students; and Xtrain--a GUI (Graphical User Interface)-based tool for multimedia presentations, instruction, and research. (MES)

This document contains the following full and short papers on humanities and learning technology from ICCE/ICCAI 2000 (International Conference on Computers in Education/International Conference on Computer-Assisted Instruction): (1) "A Web-Based EFL Writing Environment: Integrating Information for Learners, Teachers, and Researchers" (David Wible, Chin-Hwa Kuo, Anne Liu, and Nai-Lung Tsao); (2) "Integrating Web-Based Materials into Course Design" (Lilly Lee Chen); (3) "Is Everyone on Board: Learning Styles and the Internet" (Michelle Hsiang, Ellen Storey Vasu, Marsha Alibrand, Nancy Atkins, and Jane Steelman); (4) "Research on Teaching Da-Yi Chinese Keyboarding by Using Adaptive Input Interface" (Ming-Chung Chen, Hwa-Pey Wang, and Lih-Ching Chen Wang); (5) "Strategies for Searching in the WWW" (Meng-Jung Tsai); (5) "The Internet-Based Educational Resources of the U.S. Federal Government" (Andy Wang and Krishelle Leong-Grotz); and (6) "Which Chinese Input Methods Is More Suitable for Sixth-Grade Pupils? Keyboarding or Non-Keyboarding" (Weichung Wang and Tainshu Ma). (MES)

The general objective of the Fulbright-Hays Seminars Abroad Program is to help U.S. educators enhance their international understanding and increase their knowledge of the people and culture of other countries. This particular program offered participants an overview of life in Malaysia and Singapore through seminars and other activities. Participants' papers in this collection are: "You've Got Mail: Pen Pals from Malaysia" (N. Brangwin); "World Tour Malaysia" (J. Campe); "Malaysia Creative Connection" (Beverly Crow-Stromme); "Postcards from Malaysia" (M. Dahl); "Malaysia: Where East Meets West" (D. Godfrey); "Japanese Treatment of Prisoners of War during World War II" (L. Gunter); "Malaysian Animals and Their Rainforest Habitat" (A. La Tour); "Celebrate Malaysia: An Interdisciplinary Curriculum Unit" (A. Loughlin); "A Study of Sarawak and the Native People" (M. J. Morris); "Making Personal Connections to Create Global Understanding: Helping Young Children Build Relationships through the Use of Technology" (M. R. Patel); "Plants and Animals in the Malaysian Rain Forest" (B. Paul); "Malaysia and Singapore: Where Asian Cultures Meet" (C. Steinbacher); "The Role and Status of the English Language in Multiethnic/Multilingual Malaysia" (Y. St. Hill); "Dress and Body Adornment in Malaysia" (C. E. Warner); "Malaysia in Our Classroom: Activities" (M. Wong); and "People of the Cedar and People of the Hornbill: A Cross Cultural Comparison of Northwest Coastal Natives of Washington State, USA, and the Ibans of Sarawak, Malaysia" (J. Younkin). (BT)

This book contains the texts of a number of presentations from the 1999 NATCON conferences. These papers are: (1) "A Book of Surprises: Games, Stories, and Magic for Career Practitioners" (E. Sylvester); (2) "Academic and Career Choices for Lesbian and Gay Young Adults" (M. Schneider and J. McCurdy-Myers); (3)"Adolescent Values Development: Radiohead Meets Gerard Artaud" (W. G. Darou and Y. Roy); (4) "A Synergistic Model of Organizational Career Development" (K. Bernes and K. Magnusson); (5) "Building Potential: Solutions to Chaos" (B. Freeman); (6) "Career Development and Multiple Intelligences" (C. Morris); (7) "Career Development for Young Adults in Rural Areas" (B. Shepard and A. Marshall); (8) "Career Development in Today's Organizations" (K. Copithorne); (9) "Career Paths and Organizational Development: Expanding Alliances" (K. Bernes and K. Magnusson); (10) "Career Practitioners and the Net: Counselling, Consulting, or Consternation" (K. Kerford); (11) "Career Self-Management in the New World of Work" (D. I. Riddle); (12) "Career Work, Secondary Education, and School Models" (A. Oomen); (13) "Carriere et Personnalite: Deux Concepts Li-s?" (M. Gingras and L. East); (14) "Cross-cultural Transitions and Career Development: Thrills, Spills, and Skills!" (N. Arthur); (15) "Etude Comparative des Conflits Travail-famille entre Conjoints" (L. Lachance and B. Tetreau); (16) "Fostering a Profession: Canadian Standards and Guidelines for Career Development" (B. Hiebert, B. MacCallum, N. Galarneau, L. Bezanson, M. Cawley, S. Crozier, C. DeSchiffart, G. Johnston, V. Mason, J. Stewart, and V. Ward); (17) Happiness and Work (Selection)" (M. Kingwell); (18) "Humour: The Missing Link in the Chain of Command" (L. LeBrun); (19) "Le Prix D'entree dans le Monde Intellectuel (M. Maranda, C. Leclerc, L. Bedard, M. Lapie, and H. Hamel); (20) "Pathways to Personal Power" (L. LeBrun); (21) "Positions Socioprofessionnelles des Jeunes Adultes" (B. Bourassa and G. Fournier); (22) "The Career Self-Concept: From Theory to Practice" (A. J. O'Shea); (23) "The Importance of Body Language in Your Life" (C. McCarty); (24) "The Role of Hope in Career Counselling" (A. Stechynsky); and (25) "Transition to a Career in the Arts: Lessons for Everyone" (A. Lodzinski). (MKA)

This volume of conference papers examines issues and approaches in the revitalization of American Indian and other indigenous languages. Sections discuss obstacles and opportunities for language revitalization, language revitalization efforts and approaches, the role of writing in language revitalization, and using technology in language revitalization. Following an introduction, "Some Basics of Indigenous Language Revitalization" (Jon Reyhner), the 11 papers are: (1) "Some Rare and Radical Ideas for Keeping Indigenous Languages Alive" (Richard Littlebear); (2) "Running the Gauntlet of an Indigenous Language Program" (Steve Greymorning); (3) "Sm'algyax Language Renewal: Prospects and Options" (Daniel S. Rubin); (4) "Reversing Language Shift: Can Kwak'wala Be Revived?" (Stan J. Anonby); (5) "Using TPR-Storytelling To Develop Fluency and Literacy in Native American Languages" (Gina P. Cantoni); (6) "Documenting and Maintaining Native American Languages for the 21st Century: The Indiana University Model" (Douglas R. Parks, Julia Kushner, Wallace Hooper, Francis Flavin, Delilah Yellow Bird, Selena Ditmar); (7) "The Place of Writing In Preserving an Oral Language" (Ruth Bennett, Pam Mattz, Silish Jackson, Harold Campbell); (8) "Indigenous Language Codification: Cultural Effects" (Brian Bielenberg); (9) "Enhancing Language Material Availability Using Computers" (Mizuki Miyashita, Laura A. Moll); (10) "The New Mass Media and the Shaping of Amazigh Identity" (Amar Almasude); and (11) "Self-Publishing Indigenous Language Materials" (Robert N. St. Clair, John Busch, B. Joanne Webb). Contains references in most papers, author profiles, and a poem, "Repatriated Bones, Unrepatriated Spirits" (Richard Littlebear). (SV)

This four-part publication contains 19 papers on educational practices and promises for post-16 education in European countries. Part I, the introduction, contains these three papers: "Sharpening Post-16 Education Strategies: Building on the Results of the Previous Projects" (Johanna Lasonen); "'Parity of Esteem' and 'Integrated Learning'--Reflections on the Work of the Two Research Partnerships" (Pekka Kamarainen); and "European Dimension of Surveys and Analyses of Vocational Education and Training; Brief Remarks on Action Research and Evaluation Research from the Perspective of the European Dimension" (Gerald Heidegger). Part II, New Partners' Country Reports: National Reforms in Upper Secondary Education, contains these six country reports: "National Report on Belgium" (Donatienne Colson and Xavier Roegiers); "Reforms in Upper Secondary Education in Denmark" (Soren Nielsen and Steffen Svendsen); "Estonian Educational System: An Overview and the Estonian Approach to Upper Secondary Education" (Hanno Isok); "Reforms in Upper Secondary Education in Greece" (Nikitas Patiniotis and Catherine Spiliopoulou); "Interim Report of the SPES-NET [Sharpening Post-16 Education Strategies by Horizontal and Vertical Networking] Project from Hungary" (Csaba Fejos); and "Reforms in Post-16 Education in Spain and Parity of Esteem in Upper Secondary Education" (Fernando Marhuenda). The following nine papers make up Part III, Old Partners' Contribution to the Project: "'Eastern Reforms' and Their Impact on 'Western Approaches'" (Stefan Humpl and Jorg Markowitsch); "Comments on the Spanish Reforms and Lessons from Them for the Development of Upper Secondary Education in Europe" (Michael Young); "Comments on 'Reforms in Upper Secondary Education in Denmark--A Country Report'" (Kjell Andersen); "On-the-Job Training--A New Development Project in Finnish Vocational Education" (Ulla Numminen); "Links between Educational Establishments and Business Enterprises in Norway" (Kjell Andersen); "Overview of College-Enterprise Links" (Stuart Niven, Gordon Paterson); "SPES-NET Austria: Preliminary Plan" (Stefan Humpl and Jorg Markowitsch); "SPES-NET Finland: Dissemination Plan" (Ulla Numminen); and "Plan for a National Network in France" (Anne Lazar). Part IV, the conclusion, is the following paper: "Reflections on Disseminating Strategies for Reforming Post-16 Strategies" (Marja-Leena Stenstrom). Three appendixes include a list of contributors, contact information, and locations of partner institutions. (KC)

This document contains 21 papers and an introduction on work force preparation in a global context. The following papers are included: "Introduction" (Johanna Lasonen); "Access of Girls and Women to Vocational Education: Implications for the Workplace in Swaziland" (Comfort B. S. Mndebele); "Intersectoral Approaches to Literacy and Vocational Education and Training: The Case of the Sudan" (Sidiga A. Rahim Washi); "Women's Education in the Sudan" (Sidiga A. Rahim Washi); "Research Development and Challenges of the 21st Century for Vocational Education and Training: Canadian Experience" (Marcelle Hardy); "The Business Incubation Concept: Global Possibilities for Vocational-Technical Education" (Victor M. Hernandez-Gantes); "Implementing Education and Training Policies in the United States: A Case Study" (Curtis R. Finch); "A Study on the Development of Further Extensions in Vocational Education and Training in Taiwan, ROC (Republic of China)" (Ming-chung Chiang, Dar-chin Rau); "Networking between Business and Educational Institutes in Taiwan, ROC" (Dar-chin Rau, T. T. Hwang); "Knowledge-Based Cooperation in Vocational Education, University and Industry in Australia" (Matt Ngui); "Strategies for Promoting Parity of Esteem between Vocational and Academic Education" (Johanna Lasonen); "Qualifications with a Dual Orientation towards Employment and Higher Education--Innovative Schemes in Seven European Countries" (Sabine Manning); "'Bildung' through Vocational Education" (Matti Vesa Volanen); "Shaping the Work Life--A Future Oriented Way of Lifelong Learning" (Gerald Heidegger); "Towards Understanding the Development of an Entrepreneurial Leadership-Identity among Finnish Female Entrepreneurs" (Leena Avotie, Eija Pehu); "Enterprises as Environments for Workplace Learning and Training" (Johanna Lasonen); "Review and Preview of Higher Vocational Education: Changes in Hong Kong and International Trends" (Bradford W. Imrie); "A Comparison of Occupational Programs in Comprehensive High Schools in the USA, Japan, and Taiwan" (Lung-Sheng Lee); "Challenges of the 21st Century for Technical-Vocational Education and Training from Global, Regional, and National Perspectives" (C. K. Basu); "Human Resource Development and Labour Market Policy Issues in the Asia Pacific: Opportunities for Collaborative Research with Europe" (Matt Ngui); "Vocational Education and Training Projects in Developing Countries: Issues of Quality and Sustainability" (Dennis R. Herschbach); and "New Roles for Vocational Education and Training" (Armoogum Parsuramen). Each paper contains references. (MN)

This collection of papers is from a conference held at Odense University, Denmark on recent research in language acquisition in children. Following an introduction by the editors, it contains the following papers: "Development in a Connectionist Framework: Rethinking the Nature-Nurture Debate" (Kim Plunkett); "Experimental Evidence on the Acquisition of Past Tense Inflection in Danish, Icelandic and Norwegian Children" (Hrafnhildur Ragnarsdottir, Hanne Gram Simonsen, and Dorthe Bleses); "Signifying Subjects" (Chris Sinha); and "Speaking versus Writing--An Experimental Approach to Narrative Discourse Production" (Sven Stromqvist). (NKA)

This book provides a practically oriented reflection on gender equity in higher education and offers insights on how to achieve such equity. Equity, rather than "equality," is the focus of the discussion, which refines the discussion of gender and higher education to go beyond traditional ideas of equal provision and the mathematical equality of outcomes. The discussion includes equal treatment or treatment that is different but considered equivalent in terms of rights, benefits, and opportunities. Recommendations are made for developing, implementing, and monitoring gender sensitive policies in higher education. The chapters are: (1) "Key Concepts of Gender Equity"; (2) "Normative Provisions for the Promotion of Gender Equity in Higher Education"; (3) "Gender Particularities in Post-Communist Transitions"; (4) "Gender Inequity and Policies for Gender Equity in Higher Education"; and (5) "The role of Gender Studies in Promoting Gender Equity in Higher Education." (Contains 33 references.) (SLD)