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This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the impact of public policies to assist the small business sector. The author reviews the various methodological approaches to evaluating small business support policies in developed economies. An analytical framework with six approaches is provided, beginning with the most simple and ending with the most sophisticated. These six steps include (1) take-up of schemes, (2) recipients' opinions, (3) recipients' views of the difference made by the assistance, (4) comparison of the performance of "assisted" with "typical" firms, (5) comparison with match firms, and (6) taking account of selection bias. Steps 1 to 3 are considered monitoring, with Steps 4 to 6 being evaluation. The difference between the two is that evaluations are attempts, demonstrating analytical rigor, to determine the impact of the policy initiatives. Monitoring either documents activity under the program or reports participants' perception of the value of the scheme.

This paper explores what small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) policy is about, how it is pursued in Europe, and the differences between the European countries. According to the author, the overall objectives of SME policy are to create employment, foster economic growth, improve competitiveness, and regional/structural development. The SME-related policy pursued in most European countries involves a collection of various objectives and fields of economic policy rather than a conceptual framework. The author discusses the various approaches of SME policy that take place in the following European countries: Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Denmark, France, and Belgium. The author also discusses the variation of instruments used in the following fields of SME policy: start-ups, finance, exports and internationalization, information, research and development, labor, and red tape.

Provides insights into the recruitment procedures within the pharmaceutical industry in Great Britain. Use of the available information resources in career planning; Positive attitude towards the employee selection process; Personal presentation during job interviews.

Reports on the career of the medical assessor with the pharmaceutical industry in Great Britain. Advisory services to ministers on policies relating to pharmaceutical and regulatory issues Promotion of public health through ensuring appropriate standards of safety, quality and efficacy of medicines; Career structure in the European Medicines Evaluation Agency.

Reports on the role of the pharmacist in healthcare industry in Great Britain. Work on the formulation or analytical development aspects of new drug compounds; Differences in the career structure between community and hospital pharmacy according to the complexity of the organization; Role and responsibilities in medicine research.

The article discusses the legal process which provides a framework in Great Britain for protecting the rights of those who lack the capacity to make their own decisions. The author points out that caregivers are motivated by a desire to protect, to support, and to make safe decisions in the best interest of the incapacitated person. The human rights act should affect the way to conceptualize the exercise of decisions that affect the rights of the citizen.

The article focuses on the development of health and social services in Great Britain in the 20th century. From 1900, developments have been influenced by major world events, political philosophy, public opinion and the power of pressure groups. The Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and the Relief of Distress in 1909 considered most of the issues of domiciliary and hospital medical care.

The article determines the requirements for training old age psychiatrists in Great Britain. The first Joint Report recommended that each medical school should have a senior academic in old age psychiatry and that all medical undergraduates should receive training in the subject. For specialist training, the total minimum duration in old age psychiatry was six years, of which three years will be in general professional or basic specialist training and three years in higher training.

The article focuses on community care for older people in Great Britain. Progress in community care has been hampered by the different way in which health and social services are organized and financed. Generalization of the initiatives in community care was hampered by the economic problems of the 1970s and the 1980s. Lack of investment has been the main cause of slow progress with community care for older people.

The article focuses on the pattern and common associations of criminal behavior among the elderly in Great Britain. Studies have found that shoplifting is the most common indictable offense committed by the elderly. It is revealed that the elderly's share of sex offenses is higher than for indictable offenses. The most typical associations of criminal behavior among older people include alcohol abuse, homelessness and psychiatric illness.

The article offers information related to Cognitive Function and Ageing Study, a multi-center prospective cohort study initiated by the Medical Research Council and the Department of Health in Great Britain. The initiative aims to estimate the prevalence and incidence of cognitive decline and dementia, including their geographical variation. The results of the study is expected help determine the natural history of dementia, in particular the rate of progression of cognitive decline.

The article focuses on the development of geriatric psychiatry in Great Britain. During the 1960s, about half-a-dozen psychiatrist started to promote psychogeriatrics in the country. In 1989, geriatric psychiatry became an official specialty of the National Health Service of the country. Furthermore, voluntary organizations started to arise, psychogeriatric research became active and education and specialization have been promoted.