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The article describes a nursing procedure. In a trial to find the effect of topical nitro-glycerine on the blood vessels of a patients, the procedure is as follows. First take the patient's baseline blood pressure to compare it with later readings. After measuring the correct amount of ointment, tape the paper, drug side down, directly to the skin. For increased absorption cover the site with plastic wrap or a transparent semi-permeable dressing. After five minutes, record the patient's blood pressure. If it has dropped significantly and he/she has a headache, notify the doctor immediately.

This paper proposes that entrepreneurship/small business (E/SB) policy research in the United States imitates American policy. The author presents an overview of the E/SB policy in the United States and its association with E/SB policy research. The author then outlines the state of E/SB policy research in the U.S. and examines its six principal characteristics. According to the author, the U.S. has no small business or entrepreneurship policy. Instead, it has a competition policy in which small business and entrepreneurship play a significant role. The author also presents an example of the interface between policy and policy research to illustrate the six characteristics. The example concerns mandated employee health insurance in the United States. The author concludes with observations from the American experience that may help with understanding the direction E/SB policy research needs to take.

The article focuses on two different views of history of geriatric psychiatry in the 19th century namely, the externalist and the internalist views. An externalist approach brings focus to the social and the political variables that have controlled attitudes towards abnormal behavior in old age, as well as the professionalization of those charged with the care of the mentally infirm adults. Meanwhile, the internalist approach focuses on the origin of the scientific language of psychogeriatrics.

The article focuses on the scope and development of geriatric psychiatry in the 20th century. During this period, many biological and behavioral theories of aging have been advanced and tested, emphasizing that aging is a multidimensional phenomenon. Furthermore, technological advancements have widened the scope of old age psychiatry and the psychopharmacological approach became a dominant treatment for mental and emotional disorders in elderly people.

The article focuses on the development of geriatric psychiatry in Great Britain. During the 1960s, about half-a-dozen psychiatrist started to promote psychogeriatrics in the country. In 1989, geriatric psychiatry became an official specialty of the National Health Service of the country. Furthermore, voluntary organizations started to arise, psychogeriatric research became active and education and specialization have been promoted.

The article discusses on the pattern applied in geriatric services. Due to the emergence of various diseases that would occur in man as they reach old age, medical practitioners work on the multidisciplinary pattern in providing geriatric medicine and social services. Treatment and assessment were emphasized to provide a more realistic picture of the certain health status of the patients. The improvements in the psychosocial care created an impact to the provider of the geriatric services.

The article focuses on community care for older people in Great Britain. Progress in community care has been hampered by the different way in which health and social services are organized and financed. Generalization of the initiatives in community care was hampered by the economic problems of the 1970s and the 1980s. Lack of investment has been the main cause of slow progress with community care for older people.

The article focuses on practical aspects of providing psychiatric treatment to older Americans in office-based psychiatric private practices. The author discusses the mechanics of the process of treatment. One important focuses of community-based psychiatric ambulatory care is the need to create relationships with other community services and providers of care and assistance.

The article examines the liaison of medical and surgical teams regarding the prevalence of psychiatric disorder in older people. The author explained several investigations has found only a small number of the patients have been referred for psychiatric opinion. Several reasons regarding the low referral rates were enumerated. The effect of referral to the psychiatry of old age service was also discussed.

Reports on the role of the pharmacist in healthcare industry in Great Britain. Work on the formulation or analytical development aspects of new drug compounds; Differences in the career structure between community and hospital pharmacy according to the complexity of the organization; Role and responsibilities in medicine research.

This appendix contains sections titled: Association for Healthcare Philanthropy (AHP) Statement of Professional Standards and Conduct, Association of Professional Researchers for Advancement (APRA) Statement of Ethics (Revised August 2004), American Society of Association Executives (ASAE) Standards of Conduct, Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) Statement of Ethics, ePhilanthropy Code of Ethical Online Philanthropic Practices, Giving USA Foundation Standards of Practice and Code of Ethics: Professional Code of Ethics, Independent Sector: Obedience to the Unenforceable, Model Standards of Practice for the Charitable Gift Planner, The Salvation Army Fundraising Code of Ethics, Statement of Ethics and Accountability for Washington Grantmakers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]