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The aim of this paper is to review and evaluate policies designed to create gender equality in Canada over roughly the past 30 years with a view to determining what impact, if any. they have had on the status of women. After considering 29 indicators, and noting some of their advantages and disadvantages, it is concluded that all things considered, there is more evidence of improvement than of deterioration in the status of women, including more evidence of progress toward gender equality, since the 1970 Report of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses militarism and the quality of life in the Canadian and U.S. arms industry. An overview is presented on the social indicators for Canada and the U.S. covering the years from about 1963 to 1983. Following this, the Canadian federal government expenditures is reviewed in general for the period from 1974 to 1986. A summary of information on the Canadian arms industry, including production and export figures is also provided. Accordingly, arguments are raised against the Canadian production and export of military arms broadly construed.

This paper provides a review of the past 30 years of research on the relationships between migration or residential mobility and the quality of life broadly construed, mainly in Canada and the United States. In the final section a check-list of critical issues in quality-of-life research is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A measure of feminism is introduced, and a case is made for the acceptability of its levels of reliability, criterion-related, content, construct and discriminant-validity. Feminism is shown to be related to such features of the quality of life as happiness and being a good person. Survey results are reported from a sample of 431 members of the Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women and 413 undergraduate women from the University of Guelph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter recounts the numerous battles fought over religious freedom in Canada, focusing particularly on the major role played by the Jehovah's Witnesses in a series of court cases that helped establish such rights in Canada. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, adopted in 1982, is in no small part a result of efforts by the Witnesses to defend themselves using the relatively autonomous judicial system in Canada.

Weather-related geo-hazards are a major concern for the railway industry m Canada. The financial losses that result from derailments and delays amount to millions of dollars every year. On the other hand, the assessment and management of geo-hazards is a difficult problem that involves complex coupled phenomena and numerous soil and weather parameters. The primary goal of this paper is to illustrate the manner whereby unsaturated soil mechanics can be taken from the soil property assessment level using techniques based on the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), to the solution of this real and highly complex problem. First, a concise description of the weather-related geo-hazards assessment model (W-GHA model) is given. Deterministic and probabilistic aspects of the model were developed within a Decision Analysis framework. The deterministic core of the model consists of a two-dimensional stability analysis combined with the analysis of the effects of weather conditions on the pore-water pressures. According to the proposed model, weather conditions interact with the ground through the flow of liquid water, water vapour, and heat. Critical embankment stability conditions are determined using a Dynamic Programming Method (DPM) combined with Finite Element based stress fields. The soil system is ultimately represented by a series of partial differential equations (PDE’s) governing conservation of mass and momentum. A discrete stochastic analysis is implemented within the proposed framework. Several unsaturated soil property functions are required as input to the system of PDE’s. The hydraulic conductivity (i.e., coefficient of permeability), vapour diffusion coefficient, thermal conductivity, volumetric specific heat, and shear strength are all nonlinear functions physically related to the SWCC. The methodology by which these soil property functions can be inter-related to the SWCC is presented. The theoretical model illustrates the manner whereby it is possible to quantitatively assess embankment stability based on weather conditions. The methodology is feasible and yet relatively comprehensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]