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This chapter focuses on Western Europe, an area that has been a hotbed of controversy about new religions movements (NRMs) and other minority religions. France is the nation most critical of minority faiths, as shown by actions of its government over recent years and the public opinion of its citizens. Germany has been a major arena of conflict over NRMs and also some older groups such as the Jehovah's Witnesses have been controversial there. Especially well known is the German campaign against Scientology.