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Hydrocephalus occurs as a result of impaired circulation or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. Hydrocephalus is not a single disease entity but rather the end result of a wide range of congenital or acquired pathological processes. It is important that this etiological heterogeneity is appreciated when evaluating and treating hydrocephalus. The clinical presentation, the rate of evolution and the longterm prognosis of hydrocephalus will vary according to the age of onset and the nature of the underlying cause. It is important that these issues be borne in mind so that the most appropriate management plan can be formulated. This chapter aims to provide an overview of hydrocephalus, its various causes and the use and complications of the shunt devices to treat it. The role of endoscopy in the treatment of hydrocephalus is discussed elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]