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Each of the papers in this collection offers a much-needed antidote to the forces that disconnect educators from the places in which they teach, learn, and live. Together, they provide an opportunity to reflect on the power of place in education. This issue offers an opportunity--an invitation--to embrace all that the places both in and outside the classroom have to offer. Individual essays in this paper include: (1) Reclaiming the Promise of Place: An Interview with David Greenwood (Roberta Altman); (2) Playing in Literary Landscapes: Considering Children's Need for Fantasy Literature in the Place-Based Classroom (Sarah Fisher); (3) Guggenheim for All: Museum Education for Students on the Spectrum (Chiara Di Lello); (4) Curtain Up: Place-based Teaching & Learning in the New York City Theater District (Peggy McNamara and Bryan Andes); (5) Place-Based Education: (Re)Integrating Ecology & Economy (Mark T. Kissling and Angela Calabrese Barton); (6) Discovering Place-based Education in the Foothills of the Himalayas (Monimalika Day with Doug Hernandez); (7) Learning Naturally: An Inquiry Study of Streams in Hawaii (Becca Kesler); (8) Nature Preschools: Putting Nature at the Heart of Early Childhood Education (Ken Finch and Patti Ensel Bailie); and (9) Preparing Teachers for Place-based Teaching (Amy Vinlove). Individual essays contain references and figures.

Five working papers in linguistics and education are presented. "The Mediators: Providing Access To Texts in English in a Semi-Urban Maharashtrian College Community" (Grace Plamthodathil Jacob) examines the teacher's role in mediating cultural awareness as part of English second language education in a multilingual, non-western society. "Gender Distribution of Negative Judgments" (Dom Berducci) examines how male and female college students make negative judgments, and discusses possible sociolinguistic rules for the use of such judgments. "Distance Learning and Second Language Acquisition: The Role of Input and Interaction" (Thomas Hickey) suggests that distance learning might be a fruitful area of inquiry for second language learning researchers. "Educational Alternatives for Elementary School Students in Spanish-Speaking Communities" (Daphne Katranides) considers four educational programs available to elementary school children of Spanish-English bilingual communities in the United States. "Literacy in Brazil: For What Purposes?" (Marcia Montenegro Velho) discusses the structures and roles of two literacy programs implemented in Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s, one built on the work of Paolo Freire and the other on the Brazilian Literacy Movement. (MSE)

The papers in this document were delivered by scholars from the United States and Canada at the ninth annual Conference on Bengal Studies in 1973. The first two papers discuss the accommodation of Indian literary forms and views of life in the Bengali novel, a foreign literary form adopted in India only in the last century and a half. The third paper analyzes Rabindranath Tagore's play, "Visarjan," while the next three papers are about the changing status of Bengali women since 1850. The seventh paper is a literary analysis of the Bengali Muslim Bardic songs of grief, the eighth paper concerns a Bengali episode which stirred up Hindu-Muslim antagonism, the ninth paper is about the role of language in the creation of Bangladesh, and the tenth paper explores possible changes in the relationship between administration and politics in Bangladesh. The last two papers concern labor and the nationalist movement, and the development of Calcutta. (JM)

Commonwealth Ministries of Education were asked to report on how they are undertaking the improvement of the quality of basic education in their respective countries. The papers in this volume focus on: (1) Antigua; (2) Bermuda; (3) India; (4) St. Kitts and Nevis; and (5) Turks and Caicos Islands. Charts and statistical data support each country's report. (EH)

"Proceedings of International Conference on Social and Education Sciences" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Social and Education Sciences (IConSES), which took place on October 13-16, 2022, in Austin, Texas. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and social sciences. The IConSES invites submissions that address the theory, research, or applications in all disciplines of education and social sciences. The IConSES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and social sciences, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals, and all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

This volume contains selected papers submitted to the 20th Jubilee Annual International Conference of the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), conducted virtually in June 2022. The 20th BCES Conference theme is "Towards the Next Epoch of Education." The theme is focused on problems, discussions, changes, solutions, and challenges that have recently happened, and as well on various opportunities, prospects, and advantages that have been made available to all actors in the educational systems around the world--students, parents, teachers, administrators, psychologists, principals, faculty members, researchers, and policy makers at municipal, regional, and national level. The book includes 33 papers and starts with an introductory piece authored by Charl Wolhuter. The other 32 papers are divided into 6 parts representing the BCES Conference thematic sections: (1) Comparative and International Education & History of Education; (2) International Education Issues; (3) School Education: Policies, Innovations, Practices & Entrepreneurship; (4) Higher Education & Teacher Education and Training; (5) Law and Education; and (6) Research Education & Research Practice. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC. This content is provided in the format of an e-book.]

Selected papers on higher education and development that were presented to the Golden Jubilee Celebrations of the Association of Indian Universities are presented. Topics include development and underdevelopment, recent trends in development strategy, and India in the 1980's and 1990's. Contents include the following: "Development and Underdevelopment: Kerala and Uttar Pradesh," by B. K. Nayar; "Higher Education and Development," by A. B. Shah; "Development and Underdevelopment," by Durgadas Roy; "Notes on Some Aspects of the Strategy of Economic Development in India," by Ranjit Sau; "Anti-Development on a World Scale," by Narindar Singh; "Transfer of Technology, Development, and Underdevelopment," by P. V. Indiresan; "Higher Education and National Development," by J. N. Kapur;"Education and Development Strategy," by S.C. Goel; "Higher Education and Development Changing Strategies in the Indian Context," by J. Veeraraghavan; "Some Reflections on the Strategy of Human Resource Development in Developing Economies," by P. D. Shrimali; "Education and Social Change," by B. V. Shah; "Recent Trends in the Strategy of Educational Development," by Satish Chandra; "Agricultural Sciences and Higher Education in India," by G. Rangaswami; "Education and Dynamics of Development," by Gunvant B. Shah; "The Indian University in the 80's and 90's," by Amrik Singh; "India in the 80's and 90's," by P. G. Deo; "Higher Education in 1980's and 90's in India," by N. V. Subba Rao; and "India in 1980's and Relation to Higher Education," by G. R. Mhaisekar. (SW)

Current trends in armaments and militarism in the third world countries must be assessed against a background of imperialism and in relation to the tendency to use nuclear power for peaceful ends and oil power for militaristic ends. Discussion of these factors with relation to China, India, and the Arab countries requires examination of militaristic attitudes and the activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The Arab world's discovery of oil power and subsequent formation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are also discussed. It appears that interconnections among different sectors of policy exist along with interdependence among nations. The pursuit of disarmament or arms control cannot be separated from the struggle for equity in world politics. Since the power of the oil-producing nations is contributing toward a new world order, a new international military order becomes one precondition for a new international economic order. China's experimental rockets, India's nuclear devices, and the Arab consortium's arms industry may have to be placed alongside of OPEC as part of their total leverage if there is to be a change toward greater equity between developing and developed nations. Because nuclear capacity is linked with the third world's quest for dignity and power, some degree of proliferation may be the price for equality. (Author/KC)

This volume contains a collection of selected papers submitted to the 19th Annual International Conference of the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES) held in June 2021. The 19th BCES Conference theme is "New Challenges to Education: Lessons from around the World." The book includes 40 papers written by 66 authors from 15 countries. The volume starts with an introductory piece co-authored by Zoltán Rónay and Ewelina K Niemczyk. The other 39 papers are divided into 6 parts representing the thematic sections: (1) Comparative and International Education & History of Education; (2) International Organizations and Education; (3) School Education: Policies, Innovations, Practices & Entrepreneurship; (4) Higher Education & Teacher Education and Training; (5) Law and Education; and (6) Research Education & Research Practice. The papers included in this year's conference volume outline a variety of challenges all actors in the education process (students, teachers, administrators, policy decision makers) at all levels of the education systems have recently faced. Readers can find conceptual and empirical studies, quantitative and qualitative methods, descriptive and analytical approaches, and even pessimistic and optimistic authors' views. This volume presents how novel concepts, ironical definitions, and provoking considerations are born in difficult times, when restricted life meets unrestricted spirit. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

The 46th annual conference of the Adult and Higher Education Alliance (AHEA) was held online in March 2022. This year's conference theme is "Adult Education for the Human Condition: Global Issues and Trauma-Informed Learning." The proceedings are comprised of the following papers: (1) Man-Environment Interaction in the Rainforests and Sustainable Development: Practical Implications for Adult Education (Kofo A. Aderogba); (2) The Trauma of Coronavirus and Education for Sustainable Human Condition (Adebimpe E. Alabi and Kofo A. Aderogba); (3) Dialogue-Based Education: A Strategy for Empowering Young Adults in Fostering Entrepreneurial Mindsets (Isaac Kofi Biney); (4) Does Science Help in Understanding Trauma-Related Behaviors in the Adult Student? (Joan Buzick); (5) Strengthening Resiliency During Stress in Adulthood (Patricia Coberly-Holt and Lynn Roberts); (6) Talking Back: Testifying as an Act of Resistance and Healing for Black Women Survivors of Prostitution (Amelia B. Cole); (7) Nexus of Vulnerability of Internally Displaced Persons [IDPs] in Africa, and Socioeconomic Development of the Black Nations (Debora A. Egunyomi and Kofo A. Aderogba); (8) Utilizing Technology, Mentoring, and Fun Initiatives to Decrease Workplace Stress (Yvonne Hunter-Johnson, Sarah Wilson-Kronoenlein, and Dauran McNeil); (9) Hemophilia: A Silent Threat to Post-Secondary Success in a Caribbean Context (Kerry-Ann Lee-Evans and Kayon Murray-Johnson); (10) Trauma-Informed Teaching of Writing in Higher Education (Marian Mesrobian MacCurdy); (11) The Human Condition, the Goals of Adult Education, and the Role of the Adult Educator: A Conversation (Alan Mandell and Xenia Coulter); (12) Parenting Adolescent Children in the American Culture by South Asian Immigrants from India (Olivet K. Neethipudi); (13) The Importance of Recognizing Personal Stressors, How They May Impact Our Professional Life/Teaching, and Steps We Can Take to Learn from the Experiences (Lynn Roberts and Patricia Coberly-Holt); (14) Comparison of Competency and Entrustability in Ongoing Adult Skill Development: How Do They Meet? (Richard Silvia and Kathy Peno); and (15) The Invisible Pandemic (Joyvina Evans and Joshua Ramaker). [For the 2021 proceedings, see ED615223.]

This collection of short papers is an outcome of the third conference on virtual exchange in higher education hosted by the Pedagogical University in Krakow in April 2018. Following the focus of the conference on virtual exchange in service of social inclusion and global citizenship, the papers collected in this volume offer first-hand insights into theoretical and practical considerations on the most recent stage of this rapidly developing form of learning. The publication will be of particular interest to academic educators, researchers, administrators, and mobility officers planning to implement virtual exchange in their unique academic contexts.

School choice reforms are increasingly common across the U.S. This symposium summarizes and presents the most recent research on the social effects of private school choice programs and public charter schools. All three papers consider heterogeneity in effects that can and should inform policymaking. The first paper, "Charter School Entry and School Choice: The Case of Washington, D.C." (Maria Marta Ferreyra and Grigory Kosenok) discusses novel research on estimating an equilibrium model of charter school entry and school choice. From a social standpoint, the paper shows that the existence of charter schools yields net benefits. The second paper, "Squeezing the Public School Districts: The Fiscal Effects of Eliminating the Louisiana Scholarship Program" (Corey A. DeAngelis and Julie R. Trivitt) studies the fiscal effects of reduced funding in a statewide voucher program. This paper adds to the literature by comparing the short-term and long-term savings to the state and individual public school districts due to this policy. The results show that the voucher program generates net cost savings in the long run for almost all educational jurisdictions under reasonable assumptions. The third paper, "The Juice Is Worth the Squeeze: A Benefit/Cost Analysis of the Experimental Evidence on Private School Vouchers across the Globe" (M. Danish Shakeel, Kaitlin P. Anderson, and Patrick J. Wolf) is a benefit/cost analysis of the best available research on private school vouchers. This benefit/cost analysis provides the most comprehensive look at the achievement effects of school voucher programs using lottery-based research designs both in the U.S. and internationally. This symposium summary provides abstracts for each of the three papers. [SREE documents are structured abstracts of SREE conference symposium, panel, and paper or poster submissions.]

"Skill is laying the foundation for a brighter India. As John Ruskin puts it, "Skill is the unified force of experience, intellect, and passion in their operation." "Nation Building" is a herculean task that involves the government of the land, private and public institutions, industries, organisations, and every citizen there, holding accountability of its development inch by inch. India faces enormous problems in practically every aspect of national life as a young democratic nation with a multilingual, multicultural, and multiethnic population. Poverty, illiteracy, unequal and underdeveloped growth of diverse segments of the country, and insufficient infrastructure in educational and training institutions are all impeding the country's development. The insufficiently skilled workforce is unable to assume greater responsibilities in the development of a better nation. In India, there is now a scarcity of highly trained and skilled educators. Both in India and overseas, there is a considerable need for all levels of skilled labour, including semiskilled, skilled, highly skilled, and highly skilled with specialisation. An estimated 65 percent of workers in India are aged 15 to 59, with an average age of 29 compared to China and other OECD countries. Approximately 335 million people are currently employed in the United States today. They are largely uneducated and have little or no experience. Approximately 59 million of the 70 million predicted to enter the market will be in the 15 to 30 age category. For the development of our country, reskilling, up-skilling, and conceiving and generating ways and means for national and international labour mobility, as well as mitigating the low contribution of women labour force, are all critical. Our youth will be more competent if we place a higher value on skill development. To address all of the concerns of globalisation, knowledge explosion and distribution, and skill development competition, the Indian government has launched a number of initiatives, including Skill India, Digital India, Startup India, and Make in India. Many groups are attempting to improve people's skills. (a) Directorate General of Training (DGT), (b) National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), (c) Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship (IIE), (d) National Skill Development Agency (NSDA), (e) National Skill Development Fund (NSDF), (f) National Institute of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development, g) Skill Sector Councils, (h) ICT Academy, and respective State Skill Development Corporations. To impart and upgrade abilities, numerous organisations and universities offer a variety of certificate, diploma, and postgraduate diploma courses. TNOU also provides a variety of skill-based courses. The aspiration and ambition of the Indian Government is to make India the world's "Skill Capital." We/the editors consider it a privilege to have compiled this book titled "Nation Building through Skill Development," which contains contributions on a wide range of subtopics on various elements of skill development explored by a diverse group of authors from around the world. Choosing the chapters was, indeed, a difficult task. Original papers with less than 10% plagiarism were chosen for publication. For the publication of this book, forty-one essays were chosen. We/the editors would want to express our gratitude to everyone who submitted a chapter. The contributions that were not included in this publication are in no way considered rejects. We/the editors express our gratitude to Prof. Dr. K. Parthasarathy, Vice Chancellor, Tamil Nadu Open University, for entrusting us with this task. We/the editors would also want to express our gratitude to all those kind individuals who have worked tirelessly to bring this book in black and white. [This book was published by Tamil Nadu Open University.]

The papers brought together in this volume are a selection from among those presented at the seminar organized in Kuala Lumpur, in July 2002 by the Asian Network of Training and Research Institutions in Educational Planning (ANTRIEP). The network consists of institutions whose main mandate includes training and research in educational planning and management. Since its creation in 1995, it has covered a series of themes with an overarching objective to contribute to the definition of policies that have a beneficial impact on school improvement. ANTRIEP has therefore undertaken research or organized seminars on decentralization, school supervision, the role of head teachers and, in 2002, on school evaluation. The seminar and this report focus on policy reforms and practical steps that can be undertaken to strengthen the linkage between evaluation and school improvement. The report presents a mixture of conceptual papers, case studies and comparative analyzes, though drawing references not only to the Asian continent. Each of the three evaluation tools (examinations, inspection, and self-evaluation) was examined separately during the seminar, and different papers comment on their role. Specific attention goes to the need to integrate these tools into an evaluation framework. Some papers go beyond these tools and ask the question: What could be the contribution of the community in school evaluation and school governance? The report paints the contours of a school evaluation system, focused on improvement, empowerment, and accountability rather than on the latter alone. School self-evaluation stands at the heart of such a system. Examination and test results help school staff to identify their strengths and weaknesses while inspectors become the initiators of this self-evaluation process. The report also stresses, however, that there is not one ideal model that all countries should follow. The contexts differ, and an effective system is one that takes into account the limits and needs of each country. Papers presented in this report include: (1) Seminar Report: School Evaluation for Quality Improvement--Issues and Challenges (Anton De Grauwe and Jordan P. Naidoo); (2) A Review of School Evaluation Mechanisms in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines and Malaysia (Jordan P. Naidoo); (3) School Self-Evaluation and External Inspection: A Complex Couple (Anton De Grauwe); (2) External School Inspections as a Form of School Evaluation in Malaysia (Dato' Abdul Rahim bin Tahir); (4) School-Based Evaluation: A Theoretical Approach (Eligio B. Barsaga); (5) Examinations and Test Systems at School Level in India: Their Impact on Institutional Quality Improvement (B.P. Khandelwal); (6) Teacher Performance Management as a Method of School Evaluation in Sri Lanka (Wilfred J. Perera); (7) Community Participation and School Governance: Diverse Perspectives and Emerging Issues (R. Govinda); and (8) Alternative Models in Reforming School Supervision (Anton De Grauwe and Gabriel Carron). An appendix provides additional information about the Asian Network of Training and Research Institutions in Educational Planning (ANTRIEP). (Contains 7 tables, 2 figures, and 2 boxes.)

This document contains three papers on managing the human resource development (HRD) function. "The Relationship between Factors Impacted by the Current Economic Crisis and Human Resource Development Roles and Functions in Thailand" (Chiraprapha Tan Akaraborworn, Gary N. McLean) presents data indicating that the current economic crisis in Thailand has had no significant impact on HRD roles and functions. "Testing the Appropriateness of the Gap Service-Management Model to the HRD Function in Organizations" (Shirine L. Mafi, Ronald L. Jacobs, David A. Collier) reports on an ex post facto study in which the appropriateness of the Gap Service-Management Model to the HRD function in organizations was examined by using the model to gauge employee satisfaction with HRD outcomes based on a series of gaps that occurred during the delivery of an HRD service. The research confirmed that the instruments developed for the study are indeed valid as diagnostic tools. "A Study of HRD Concepts, Structure of HRD Departments, and HRD Practices in India" (T.V. Rao, Raju Rao) reports on a study that included audits of eight Indian organizations and established that, in India, the HRD function is not well structured, is inadequately differentiated, and is poorly staffed. All three papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN)

This symposium on leadership development consists of three presentations. "Organizational Performance: The Future Focus of Leadership Development Programs" (Doris B. Collins) reports research that analyzed 54 leadership studies from 1984-2000 and confirmed that organizations have begun to take a more systemic approach to leadership development. "Hidden Dimension of Leadership Success: Implications for Building Effective Leaders" (Anne Khoury), a theory paper, proposes that the hidden dimensions are personal credibility and self efficacy and defines a successful leader in this model as one who can inspire others and turn aspiration into action to accomplish business results. "A Study of Leadership Roles, Styles, Delegation, and Qualities of Indian CEOs (Chief Executive Officers)" (T. V. Rao, Raju Rao, Soumya Dixit) addresses a study that found that Indian CEOs were good at managing their seniors, but weak in inspiring and developing their subordinates, culture building, and long-term goal setting; their leadership styles were largely developmental; delegation, activity level, positive thinking, communications were their strengths; and reactiveness, irritability, low empathy, patience, and participative nature were weak areas. Two of the papers include substantial bibliographies. (YLB)

This monograph contains 14 papers on the role of higher education in the developing world stimulated by discussion of that issue in "Higher Education: The Lessons of Experience" (World Bank, 1994). The first two papers offer background on the World Bank paper: "World Bank Traditions of Support to Higher Education and Capacity-Building: Reflections on 'Higher Education: The Lessons of Expereince'" (Kenneth King) and "Shaping the World Bank's Higher Education Paper: Dialogue, Consultation and Conditionality" (Alison Girdwood). The next three papers explore related fundamental issues: "The Implications of Globalisation for Higher Education" (Noel F. McGinn); "Higher Education-Business Partnerships: The Dilemma of Competitiveness and Equity" (Wim E. Biervliet); and "The Challenge to the Liberal Vision of Universities in Africa" (David Court). The next four papers address World Bank reform areas: "Redefining the Role of Government in Higher Education: How Realistic is the World Bank's Prescription?" (Keith Watson); "Diversifying the Funding of Tertiary Institutions: Is the Bank's Agenda the Right One?" (Christopher Colclough); "Institutional Diversification of Higher Education" (Peter Williams); and "Responding to Ambiguity: A Critique of the World Bank's Analysis of Quality Assurance, Responsiveness and Equity" (H. R. Kells). The next three papers present empirical perspectives on the World Bank paper. They are: "Higher Education in India at a Cross-roads" (Jandhyala B. G. Tilak); "A Chinese Model of Higher Education? Lessons from Reality" (Kai-ming Cheng); and"Equity, Access and Excellence in South Africa Higher Education" (Pundy Pillay). The final two papers look at other policies and practices in aid to higher education and are "The Power of Knowledge: A Comparison of Two International Policy Papers on Higher Education" (Berit Olsson) and "French Aid and the Crisis of Higher Education in Francophone Africa" (Francois Orivel). (Many papers contain extensive references.) (JB)

This volume contains papers submitted to the 12th Annual International Conference of the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), held in Sofia and Nessebar, Bulgaria, in June 2014, and papers submitted to the 2nd International Partner Conference, organized by the International Research Centre 'Scientific Cooperation,' Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The volume also includes papers submitted to the International Symposium on Comparative Sciences, organized by the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society in Sofia, in October 2013. The 12th BCES Conference theme is "Education's Role in Preparing Globally Competent Citizens." The 2nd Partner Conference theme is "Contemporary Science and Education: New Challenges -- New Decisions." The book consists of 103 papers, written by 167 authors and co-authors, and grouped into 7 parts. Parts 1-4 comprise papers submitted to the 12th BCES Conference, and Parts 5-7 comprise papers submitted to the 2nd Partner Conference. The 103 papers are divided into the following parts: (1) Comparative Education & History of Education; (2) Pre-service and In-service Teacher Training & Learning and Teaching Styles; (3) Education Policy, Reforms and School Leadership; (4) Higher Education, Lifelong Learning and Social Inclusion; (5) Educational Development Strategies in Different Countries and Regions of the World: National, Regional and Global Levels; (6) Key Directions and Characteristics of Research Organization in Contemporary World; and (7) International Scientific and Educational Cooperation for the Solution of Contemporary Global Issues: From Global Competition to World Integration.

This compilation of resource papers and findings is from a regional workshop on mother-tongue/bilingual literacy programmes for ethnic and linguistic minorities in multilingual settings. It was organized by Asia-Pacific Programme of Education for All (APPEAL), United Nations Educational and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Bangkok, 6-10 December 2005 in Chiangmai, Thailand and included nine participating countries--Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. APPEAL supports pilot projects in these countries which provide mother-tongue or multilingual education to ethno-linguistic minorities. Each chapter summarizes an aspect of multilingual education programme development including issues and positive problem solving experiences. Chapter titles are as follows: (1) Linguistic Diversity, Literacy and Education (resource paper); (2) Education in Ethnic Minority Communities: Questions to Consider and Problems to Solve (resource paper); (3) Multilingual Education Practice in Eight Asian Countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand); (4) Developing Low Cost and Effective Materials for Multilingual Education Programmes; (5) Training Effective Community Teachers for Multilingual Education Programmes; and (6) Teaching Methods for Effective Multilingual Education Programmes. (Contains 7 tables, 10 figures, and 21 footnotes.) [This report was published by the UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education.]

This collection of 20 papers addresses child development and early intervention issues related to literacy acquisition from a cross-cultural perspective. Titles of the papers are: (1) "Preparing Young Children for Literacy: Issues in Theory and Practice" (Lotty Eldering and Paul Leseman); (2) "Jomtien Revisited: A Plea for a Differentiated Approach" (John Bennett); (3) "Interaction of Context with Development: Theoretical Constructs for the Design of Early Childhood Education Programs" (Robert Serpell); (4) "Orientations on Culture: Some Comments on Intervention Programs" (Ype Poortinga); (5) "Interaction between Development Processes and Social-Cultural Context" (T. S. Saraswathi); (6) "Modification of Cognitive Components: Consequences for Early Intervention" (Fons van de Vijver); (7) "Many Kinds of Deprivation: Young Children and Their Families in South Africa" (Linda Richter); (8) "The Developmental Niche: Implications for Children's Literacy Development" (Sara Harkness and Charles Super); (9) "Linguistic Development as Related to Literacy" (Catherine Snow); (10) "How Parents Provide Young Children with Access to Literacy" (Paul Leseman); (11) "Literacy Development in a Multilingual Context" (Ludo Verhoeven); (12) "Responding to Children's Needs: Integrated Child Development Services in India" (Rajalakshmi Muralidharan and Venita Kaul); (13) "Empowerment of Parents: 'Proyecto Padres e Hijos' in Chile" (Johanne Filp and Ximena Valdes); (14) "Culture Sensitive Home Intervention: The Dutch HIPPY Experiment" (Lotty Eldering and Paul Vedder); (15) "A Model of Multipurpose Non-Formal Education: The Case of the Turkish Early Enrichment Project" (Cigdem Kagitcibasi); (16) "Success for All: Prevention and Early Intervention in Elementary Schools" (Robert Slavin and Nancy Madden); (17) "Critical Issues in the Evaluation of Preschool Intervention Programs" (Jan Slavenburg); (18) "Cooperative, Community-Based Evaluation of Preschool Programs" (Howard Richards and Loren Pierce); (19) "Researchers, Program Developers, and the Children Out There" (Nico van Oudenhoven); and (20) "Family, School, and Literacy: Recommendations for Intervention Programs." Most papers include a reference list. (MDM)

This volume contains 11 papers on the under-representation of women in higher education management in Bahrain, Finland, France, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Peru, the United States and Canada, the South Pacific and the West Indies. All papers were written by women vice-chancellors, presidents and senior managers of universities in those nations. The papers are: "Bahrain: The Role of Women in Higher Education Management in the Arab Region" (Rafica S. Hammoud); "Finland: Women in Higher Education in Finland" (Veronica Stolte-Heiskanen); "France: The Role of Women in the Administration of Higher Education in France" (Michele Gendreau-Massaloux); "India: The Place of Women in the Management of Higher Education in India" (Suma Chitnis); "Indonesia: Indonesian Women in Higher Education Management" (Mariana Setiadarma); "Malaysia: Women Managers in Higher Education in Malaysia" (Asmah Haji Omar); "Nigeria: Women in Higher Education Management--The Nigerian Context" (Grace Alele Williams); "Peru: The Woman's Role in the Administration of Higher Education in Peru" (Gladys Buzzio Zamora RSCJ); "USA/Canada: Women in Higher Education Management in the United States and Canada" (Sandra Featherman); "University of the South Pacific: Women in Higher Education Management in the South Pacific--The Case of the University of the South Pacific" (Konai H. Thaman and Sarojini Pillay); and "University of the West Indies: Staff Development and Gender Equity in the Commonwealth Caribbean Universities--The Experience of the University of the West Indies" (Gwendoline Williams and Claudia Harvey). (Some papers contain references.) (JB)

The 14 papers in this volume address planning and administration of higher education within an international context. Papers are grouped into general studies, regional studies, and national and institutional studies. Included papers are: (1) "Management of Global and Educational Change: Challenges for Higher Education and Graduate Studies" (Gustavo Lopez Ospina); (2) "Accountability for More Efficiency and Effectiveness in Higher Education" (Klaus Huffner); (3) "Training for Planning and Management: Improved Management Systems in Higher Education in Developing Countries" (Kevin M. Lillis); (4) Improving Effectiveness of Higher Education Institutions: Studies of the Management of Change" (International Institute for Educational Planning); (5) "Higher Education: What Procedures for Evaluation?" (William B. Dockrell); (6) "Planning and Management of Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Introductory Study" (Jose F. Silvio); (7) "Management and Administration of Higher Education in a Market Economy" (8) "Some Issues and Trends Relevant for Planning and Management of Higher Education in Arab Countries" (Al Awd Galeleldin); (9) "University Governance, Autonomy and Accountability in Brazil: A Couple of Challenges for the Decade" (Jacques Velloso); (10) "Management of Innovation and Change in Higher Education in Developing Countries; Experiences from Tanzania" (I. M. Omari); (11) "Planning and Management of Education in a Period of Crisis: The Example of Higher Education in Rwanda" (Joseph Kalinganire); (12) "Planning and Management for Excellence and Efficiency in Higher Education in India" (T. V. Rao); (13) "Higher Education in Czechoslovakia: Problems and Prospects of Management" (Jana Hendrichova and Ian Kouckij); and (14) "Planning and Managing for Excellence and Efficiency in Higher Education in Britain" (John Eggleston). (Some individual papers contain references.) (DB)

This reader on literacy provides a clear account of the major perspectives on literacy and adult education through 20 papers divided into three categories. An introduction provides an overview of the content of the papers. Part 1, "Issues," contains seven papers: "Literacy: Access to Power" (Dijkstra); "Development and the Possibilities for Literacy" (Ooijens); "Can We Work Literacy into Every Context of Development in Developing Countries?" (Shrivastava); "Can Literacy Work Lead to a Critical Consciousness?" (Hammink); "Beyond Literacy" (Barik); "Do We Need Separate Literacy Courses for Women?" (van Dijk); and "Teach Literacy in the First or Second Language?" (Tholen). Part 2, "Applications," consists of nine papers: "Literacy Crash Course: An Experiment with Tribal Women" (Shrivastava); "Amidst the Jungle of the Simipal Hills" (Barik); "The Income Project on Education" (Kumar); "Literacy in Rural Areas: TRICON Associates" (Banerjee); "Literacy in Zimbabwe: Problems and Limitations" (Chombo); "English Literacy: A Unions' Project in South Africa" (Mavuso); "The Literacy Work of CEPROD (Development Studies and Promotion Center)" (Galindo, Barahona); "Technical Training for Women: The Work of INCATEM (Institute of Technical Training for Women)" (Escobar); and "Literacy of Women in Peru" (Dasso). Part 3, "Requirements," contains four papers: "Supporting Literacy for Development" (Dubbeldam); "Limitations and Problems of Literacy Work from a Donor's Point of View" (Monteiro); "Limitations and Problems for Literacy Campaigns with Respect to Support and Prerequisites for Support" (de Vries); and "Education for All" (Storm et al.). Appendixes include an 83-item bibliography, an index, and brief biographies of authors. (YLB)

This report contains, in addition to the introduction and preface, 13 papers written by individuals working in the field of evaluation who present the concepts and practices of evaluation at their own particular distance education institutions. The introduction (Schuemer) gives a short outline of the evaluation nomenclature and an overview of the contributors to the report. The papers are: "Orientation and Conceputalization of the Academic Quality Control Centre" (Alavarado et al.); "Evaluation at the FernUniversitat" (Bartels); "System Evaluation: Some Reflections on Current Tertiary Practices in Australia and Hong Kong" (Castro); "Evaluation at a Distance" (Ganor); "Evaluation at Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India" (Koul); "Assessment at Empire State College--Strategies and Methods Used in Evaluating Distance Education" (Lehmann, Granger); "Evaluation of Danish Distance Education at University Level" (Lorentsen); "Institutional Evaluation of the National Open University of Venezuela (U.N.A.)--A Proposal" (De Machado, Machado); "Evaluation in University Distance Education" (Moehle, Gerhardt); "Evaluation Concepts and Methods in Distance Education at Humboldt University (HUB)" (Nerlich); "Evaluation Concepts and Practices at NKI, Norway" (Rekkedal); "Evaluation in the Distance Courses Established by the Department of Education of 'La Sapienza' University (Rome)" (Vertecchi); and "Evaluation at the British Open University" (Woodley). (YLB)

The essays in this volume have been selected from papers presented at the 13th World Conference of the World Council for Curriculum and Instruction. The first WCCI Conference held in England in 1974, was followed by conferences in Turkey, the Philippines, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, Egypt, India, Thailand, Spain, Australia, and again, the Philippines. The theme of the 13th World Conference, held in Antalya, Turkey was "Creating a Global Culture of Peace: Strategies for Curriculum, Development and Implementation". The nineteen papers in this volume are written by authors from nine different countries. Essays one through four are keynote addresses. The nineteen articles in this collection are: (1) Alliance of Civilizations for a Global Culture of Peace (Mehmet Aydin); (2) Education for a Culture of Peace in a Globalised World--Strategies for Curriculum Development and Implementation (Birgit Brock-Utne); (3) Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Intercultural Enlightenment: Nexus of Global Peace (Terrence Barber); (4) Building Alliances for a Culture of Peace through Dialogue and Action, Alice Miel Lecture (Dalisay G. Brawner); (5) Plurilingualism and Pluriculturalism in Foreign Language Teaching: The Contributions of the CEFR (Bengu Aksu Atac); (6) Peace in Society during the "Turkish Enlightenment" Age: The Experience of Village Institutes (Mualla Bilgin Aksu); (7) Whole-School Learning Effective Strategies Learned From the Border Patrol Police Schools of Thailand Reform (Pimpan Dachakupt); (8) Integrating Peace Education into Language Teaching Methodology (Lknur Pekkanli Egel); (9) Strategies and Challenges for Global Education Curriculum (Noorjehan N. Ganihar); (10) Global Leadership Strategies and Executive Coaching as Contingency Approaches to Create and Build a Culture of Peace within Organizations (Jim Goodrich and Jay Finkelman); (11) Mobile 2.0: Shifting Educational Paradigms through mLearning (Michael Higgins and Shudong Wang); (12) Dealing with Cybermbullying in Schools in the United States: A New Challenge for Educators (A. Zaidy Mohdzain); (13) Urgent Responses to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic by a School and a Community-Home-Based Organization (Remedios Nalundasan-Abijan); (14) Blind Spots in Pre-Primary Education (Grace Chibiko Oforma, Julie Ibiam, Patricia Nkechi Uzoegwu and Uche Igbokwe); (15) The Impact of Asian-American Female Educational Leaders on Student Achievement As It Relates To Global Concerns on Gender Equality and Social Justice (Dina C. Pacis); (16) Highly Integrated Educational Environment as a Precondition for Multidisciplinary Education (Yulia Stukalina); (17) Global Warming and Climate Change: Awareness and Actions of Indian Higher Secondary Students (Geetha Janet Vitus); (18) Preparing Ethical Leaders for a Caring School Community (Roger Wiemers and Tammy Shutt); and (19) A Peace Education Model: Cellular Peace (Alev Yemenici). Individual papers contain references, figures, appendices, and tables.

This book introduces the concept of multimedia in education, and how multimedia technology could be implemented to impart digital education to university students. The book emphasizes the versatile use of technology enabled education through the research papers from distinguished academicians and researchers who are specifically working in this area. It benefits all those researchers who are enthusiastic about learning online and also for those academicians who are interested to work on various aspects of learning and teaching through technology.

This collection of papers examines how the contexts in which language teaching occurs impact the aims and methods of language teaching. Ten papers focus on the following: "Introduction: Context and Culture in Language Teaching and Learning" (Mike Byram and Peter Grundy); "From Practice to Theory and Back Again" (Claire Kramsch); "Carrying a Baby in the Back: Teaching with an Awareness of the Cultural Construction of Language" (Randal Holme); "Autobiographical Contexts of Mono-Cultural and Bi-Cultural Students and their Significance in Foreign Language Literature Courses" (Christiane Facke); "Learning Culture by Communicating: Native-Non-Native Speaker Telephone Interactions" (Gisele Holtzer); "Exporting Methodologies: The Reflective Approach in Teacher Training" (Ana Halbach);"'We Would Have to Invent the Language We Are Supposed to Teach': The Issue of English as Lingua Franca in Language Education in Germany" (Helene Decke-Cornill); "Teaching India in the EFL-Classroom: A Cultural or Intercultural Approach?" (Reinhold Wandel); "European Communicative Integration: The Function of Foreign Language Teaching for the Development of a European Public Sphere" (Stephan Breidbach); and "Context, Culture and Construction: Research Implications of Theory Formation in Foreign Language Methodology" (Michael Wendt). (Papers contain references.) (SM)

This collection of papers explores language socialization from very early childhood through adulthood. After "Introduction: Toward a Dynamic Model of Language Socialization" (Robert Bayley and Sandra R. Schecter), there are 16 papers in 4 parts. Part 1, "Language Socialization at Home," includes: (1) "Transforming Perspectives on Bilingual Language Socialization" (Lucinda Pease-Alvarez); (2) "Weaving Languages Together: Family Language Policy and Gender Socialization in Bilingual Aymara Households" (Aurolyn Luykx); (3) "Collaborative Literacy in a Mexican Immigrant Household: The Role of Sibling Mediators in the Socialization of Pre-School Learners" (Maria de la Piedra and Harriett D. Romo); and (4) "Growing Up Trilingual in Montreal: Perceptions of College Students" (Patricia Lamarre and Josefina Rossell Paredes). Part 2, "Language Socialization at School," includes: (5) "Representational Practices and Multi-Modal Communication in U.S. High Schools: Implications for Adolescent Immigrants" (Linda Harklau); (6) "Engaging in an Authentic Science Project: Appropriating, Resisting, and Denying 'Scientific' Identities" (KimMarie Cole and Jane Zuengler); (7) "Interrupted by Silences: The Contemporary Education of Hong Kong-Born Chinese Canadians" (Gordon Pon, Tara Goldstein, and Sandra R. Schecter); (8) "Novices and Their Speech Roles in Chinese Heritage Language Classes" (Agnes Weiyun He); and (9) "Language Socialization and Dys-Socialization in a South Indian College" (Dwight Atkinson). Part 3, "Language Socialization in Bilingual and Multilingual Societies," includes: (10) "Language Socialization and Second Language Acquisition in a Multilingual Arctic Quebec Community" (Donna Patrick); (11) "Growing a 'Banyavirag' (Rock Crystal) on Barren Soil: Forming a Hungarian Identity in Eastern Slovakia through Joint (Inter)action" (Juliet Langman); (12) "Multiliteracies in Springvale: Negotiating Language, Culture and Identity in Suburban Melbourne" (Heather Lotherington); and (13) "Terms of Desire: Are There Lesbians in Egypt?" (Didi Khayatt). Part 4, "Language Socialization in the Workplace," includes: (14) "Language Dynamics in the Bi- and Multilingual Workplace" (Christopher McAll); (15) "Back to School: Learning Practices in a Job Retraining Community" (Jill Sinclair Bell); and (16) "Bilingualism and Standardization in a Canadian Call Center: Challenges for a Linguistic Minority Community" (Sylvie Roy). (Contains approximately 475 references.) (SM)

This publication presents an overview of the Asia-Pacific Regional Planning Meeting on the Literacy Initiative for Empowerment (LIFE). Countries in Asia and the Pacific that participate in the LIFE initiative are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan and Papua New Guinea. The purpose of the meeting was to assist the participating countries with the organization of preparatory activities for implementing the LIFE initiative following creation of Country Profiles in 2005. This publication includes comments presented during question and answer sessions, plenary discussions and group discussions. The agenda items of the meeting are (1) Global Background and Development of LIFE; (2) Literacy Challenges in the Asia-Pacific Region; (3) Presentations and Discussion in Plenary of Bangladesh and Pakistan Country Papers; (4) Proposed Framework of Support Mechanism for LIFE Implementation; (5) Proposed Guidelines of LIFE Needs Assessment; (6) Country Group Work on Preparation of Draft Country Outlines/Frameworks for Needs Assessment; (7) Panel Presentations and Discussion on Addressing Literacy Needs of Excluded Groups; and (8) Presentation of Draft Country Outlines/Frameworks for Needs Assessments, LIFE Country Plans and Discussion on Follow-up. [Published by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education.]

This document contains 11 papers on technological entrepreneurship, with particular focus on the following topics: the context of technological entrepreneurship; value creation and opportunity recognition in turbulent environments; venture capital in technological entrepreneurship; and managing in turbulent environments. The following papers are included: "Introduction" (Philip H. Phan); "Strategic Value Creation" (David H. Gobeli, Harold F. Koenig, Chandra S. Mishra); "Entrepreneurs' Opportunities in Technology-Based Markets" (Steve Walsh, Bruce Kirchoff); "Beyond the Boundaryless Organization: The Value of E-Commerce Technologies in Entrepreneurship Behavior" (Lisa K. Gundry, Jill Kickul); "Tertiary Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions" (Clement K. Wang, Poh Kam Wong, Qing Lu); "Regional Innovation Resources for Environmental Management" (Gregory Theyel); "Allocation of Attention within Venture Capital Firms: A Queuing Network Model" (Dean A. Shepherd, Michael J. Armstrong, Moren Levesque); "Venture Capital Firms and the Monitoring of Entrepreneurial Firms: The Case of Japan" (Toru Yoshikawa); "Venture Capital Firm Internationalization and Monitoring High Tech Entrepreneurship: The Case of India" (Mike Wright, Sarika Pruthi, Andy Lockett); "Critical Incidents in High-Tech Start-ups: A Singapore Study" (Maw Der Foo, Hwee Hoon Tan); "A Process Study of New Venture Creation at an Internet Start-up Company" (Rueyllin Hsiao, Chee-Leong Chong); and "From Flypaper to Globalization: Zobele Chemical Industries (1919-2001)" (Pier A. Abetti). Most papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN)

This book presents 22 papers on principles and practices of special education within the context of present-day India and the Indian educational system. Papers arose out of a series of conferences held in India in 1997. The papers are: (1) "Education for the Disabled" (P. R. Dasgupta); (2) "Special Needs Policy in India" (Mithu Alur); (3) "Special Educational Needs of Children and Young Adults: An Unfinished Agenda" (N. K. Jangira); (4) "Teacher Training for Inclusive Education in Developing Countries: The UNESCO Experience" (Anupam Ahuja); (5) "Integrated Education for Disabled Children: Cost Effective Approaches" (M. N. G. Mani); (6) "Integrating Disability Concerns in Primary Education: The Maharashtra Experience" (Madhuri Pai); (7) "From Integration to Inclusive Education: Seva-in-Action" (Ruma Banerjee); (8) "Inclusive Education Experience" (Pearl Kavoori); (9) "Culture-Specific Paradigms of Integration in Developing Countries" (Usha Singh); (10) "Towards Equalisation of Opportunity for Children with Special Needs" (P. T. Augustine); (11) "Inclusive Education: The Jaipur Experience" (Deepak Kalra); (12) "Integrated Education: Reflections on the Calcutta Experience" (Reena Sen); (13) "Whole-School Approach and Curriculum Modification" (Sudesh Mukhopadhyay); (14) "An Integrated School Experience" (Amena Latif); (15) "International Policy and Practice in the Education of Disabled Children" (Mark Vaughan); (16) "Issues at the System and School Level" (Seamus Hegarty); (17) "Three Decades of Integrated Education" (Karl-Gustaf Stukat); (18) "Integration to Inclusion: Change of Paradigm from the Danish Experience" (Peter Gam-Henriksen); (19) "Integrative Education in Israel" (Rachel Golan); (20) "Mind versus Body: Educational Bias and Its Effect in the Cerebral Palsied" (Margaret Yekutiel); (21) "Bishopwood Story" (Mark Vaughan); and (22) "Equalisation of Opportunity: What Does It Mean?" (Malini Chib). (Some papers contain references.) (DB)

This book contains 19 papers examining innovation in open and distance learning through development of online and World Wide Web-based learning. The following papers are included: "Innovation in Distributed Learning: Creating the Environment" (Fred Lockwood); "Innovation in Open and Distance Learning: Some Lessons from Experience and Research" (Bernadette Robinson); "The Influence of Teacher Beliefs on Flexible Learning Innovation in Traditional University Settings" (Edward Peter Errington); "Promoting Innovation and Change in a 'Traditional' University Setting" (Claire McLachlan-Smith, Cathy Gunn); "Making a Virtue of Necessity--Low-Cost, Comprehensive Online Teaching and Learning Environment" (Bruce King); "Experimenting in Lotus LearningSpace" (Sheila Tyler, Mike Green, Claire Simpson); "Generic Structures for Online Teaching and Learning" (Lindsay Hewson, Chris Hughes); "Selecting an Integrated Electronic Learning Environment" (Alistair Inglis); "Flexible Toolboxes: A Solution for Developing Online Resources?" (Ron Oliver, Stephen Towers, Peter Skippington, Yvonne Brunetto, Rod Farr-Wharton, Ann Gooley); "Lifelong Learning: Generating New Learning Opportunities" (Anne Gooley, Peter Skippington, Stephen Towers); "Campus Re-engineering" (Stephen Brown); "Student Recruitment and Retention in a Self-Financing University" (Danny S.N. Wong, Todd C.Y. Ng); "Using Networking Tools to Support Online Learning" (Ron Oliver, Catherine McLoughlin); "Mentoring in Open and Distance Learning" (Chris Morgan, Andre Smit); "Changing the Pattern: Towards Flexible Learning, Learner Support and Mentoring" (Santosh Panda, Tapan Jena); "Innovations in Online Assessment" (Chris Morgan, Meg O'Reilly); "VESOL [Video Auto-Editing System for Open Learning]: Cost-Effective Video Production to Support Distance Learners" (Patrick McGhee, Christopher O'Hagan); "Supporting Effective Reading of Pictorial Materials in Visually Oriented Learning Environments" (Ric Lowe); and "Professional Development in Distance Education--A Successful Experiment and Future Directions" (Ulrich Bernath, Eugene Rubin). Some papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN)

There are at least 6,000--7,000 languages spoken in the world today, with over half of them endangered. And 61 percent of the endangered languages are within the Asia and Pacific Region. The publication is a report derived from the Regional (Asia and Pacific Region) Workshop on Mother Tongue/Bilingual Literacy Programs for Ethnic Minorities, held from 17 to 22 May 2004. Education in mother tongues/native languages (L1) side by side with official language (L2) is not yet a common phenomenon, especially among the ethnic minorities. The complexity comes not only from a scarcity of education content and materials in L1, how to transition from L1 to L2 as the medium of Instruction (MOI), and using both languages in learning, but also on L1 itself--the writing system. Speakers at the workshop suggested that literacy training in mother tongues could be done through formal and non-formal education settings. Activities such as action research on L1 acquisition, pilot projects, development of relevant teaching materials, and professional development for teachers in L1 could raise attention for not only literacy and Education For All, but also help to preserve traditional and local cultures. The publication includes (I) survey results on native languages and education in L1; (ll) case studies from Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam; (lll) approaches in introducing L1 and linkage to L2; and (lV) a survey of government policies in order to help policy makers design their own policy on education in mother tongue. Appended are: (1) Workshop Programme; and (2) List of Participants. [This document was published by the UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education and was supported by Japanese Funds-in-Trust.]

This book contains nine papers devoted to the psychological experience of youth employment and its role in shaping future employment experiences and expectations. "Introduction" (Julian Barling, E. Kevin Kelloway) emphasizes the diversity of young people as a group and the diversity of individual youth's employment experience. "The Nature of Youth Employment" (Catherine Loughlin, Julian Barling) examines relationships between employment quality and young people's work-related attitudes and behaviors. "Learning To Work: The Development of Work Beliefs" (E. Kevin Kelloway, Steve Harvey) explores the impact of learning before and during employment. "Gender Differences in Employment and Income Experiences among Young People" (Serge Desmarais, James Curtis) considers previous and new research on gender and youth employment. "Developmental Consequences of Youth Employment" (Michael R. Frone) reviews developmental outcomes of employment among adolescents. "Child Labor and Exploitation" (Chaya S. Piotrkowski, Joanne Carrubba) discusses child labor in the United States and worldwide. "Occupational Safety and Health in Young People" (Dawn N. Castillo) details the substantial risks that employment poses to U.S. youths. "Reconceptualizing Youth Unemployment" (Graham S. Lowe, Harvey Krahn) documents how school-to-work transition and life course perspectives can enrich a social-psychological understanding of youth unemployment. "Youth and Labor Representation" (Daniel G. Gallagher) reviews current trends and future directions in the relationship between young people and labor unions. All papers include substantial bibliographies. (MN)

Papers from India, Nepal, the Philippines, and the Republic of Korea, from a seminar (Bangkok, 1980) on new personnel profiles in relation to changes in society and educational systems, present studies dealing with national mechanisms for preparing and updating profiles of educational personnel. The Indian study indicates that: changes in educational structures flow from both planned and unplanned socioeconomic changes (including increasing migration to urban areas by rural youth), diffused educational decision-making authority has led to difficulty in developing monitoring/evaluation methods, and training needs are met through modified preservice and extensive inservice training. Changes listed in the Nepalese paper include emphasis on vocational education, improved transportation/communication, improved teaching/learning methods, and involvement of people at grassroots level in development plans. Emphases for educational personnel include skill development and attitudinal change, linking training to rural development, and addressing training to specific personnel needs. The Philippine paper describes government emphasis on rural development, accelerated industrialization, and expansion of public services. Renewal of curricula, instructional materials/strategies, and personnel development programs is discussed. The Korean study notes increased industrialization, socioeconomic inequalities, rapid population growth and urbanization, value changes, mass media development, and new teacher profiles which will emphasize personality traits and professional competencies. (MH)

This volume collects several case studies on the relationship between government and higher education in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In particular these studies ask whether specific forms of government regulation help to solve the crisis of higher education in the developing world better than other forms of regulation. The papers are: "Government and Higher Education in Developing Nations: A Conceptual Framework" (G. Neave and F. van Vught); "Ghana: Relations between Government and Universities" (A. Sawyerr); "Kenya: Management of Higher Education in Developing Countries: The Relationship between the Government and Higher Education" (I. M. Omari); "Tanzania: The State and Higher Education" (J. C. Sivalon and B. Cooksey); "Uganda: Higher Education and the State" (T. O. Eisemon); "People's Republic of China: Autonomy and Accountability: An Analysis of the Changing Relationships between the Government and Universities" (W. Min); "India: Government and Higher Education" (T. Majumdar); "Philippines: The Anatomy of the Government-Higher Education Relationship" (A. Gonzalez); "Singapore: University Autonomy versus State Control: The Singapore Experience" (V. Selvaratnam); "Argentina: The Federal Government and the Universities": (C. Marquis); "Brazil: Higher Education and Government" (S. Schwartzman and L. Klein); "Chile: Government and Higher Education" (J. J. Brunner); "Mexico: Towards State Supervision? Changing Patterns of Governance in Mexican Higher Education" (D. C. Levy); "Conclusion" (G. Neave and F. van Vught). Contains a subject index. Most papers contain references. (JB)

This volume contains papers on strategies and mechanisms for developing, maintaining, and expanding the flow of students into the universities and polytechnics of the British Commonwealth's developing nations and for the extension of exchange between all Commonwealth developing nations. Part 1 contains introductory papers. Part 2 contains papers on academic interchange and institution building. Part 3 presents viewpoints from the Commonwealth nations; Part 4 contains papers on student flows from the post-industrial nations; and Part 5 contains research papers on mobility. The individual papers are: "Active, not Passive: A Commonwealth Agenda for Redirecting Student Flows" (Lalage Bown); "Towards a Commonwealth of Scholars: Developing Foreign Student Flows into Universities of the South" (Lalage Bown); "Trends, Problems and a Commonwealth Project" (Jasbir Singh); "Student Mobility Networks: The Case for a Commonwealth Scheme" (Elizabeth Dines); "Student Mobility and Internationalisation: A Perspective from the English-speaking Caribbean" (Ancilla Armstrong and J. E. Greene); "Academic Exchange: Student Flows, Exchange Schemes and Capacity Building in India" (Karuna Chanana Ahmad and Aparna Basu); "Policy, Expectations and Shortfalls: Nigerian Views and Experiences" (A. Jones Akinpelu); "Against the Grain? Student Mobility from Britain to Commonwealth Developing Countries" (Hilary Callan and Kate Steele); "Internationalising Canadian Universities: Student Mobility to Developing Countries" (Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada); "Academic Exchange Schemes in Malaysia" (Leong Yin Ching); "Two Contrasting African Cases: Kenya and Zimbabwe" (Parvin Walji and Peter Dzvimbo); "World Class Institutions and Student Mobility: The Indian Institutes of Technology" (Jayalakshmi Indiresan); and "Open to Talent: Higher Education in Singapore" (G. Gopinathan). Appendixes contain summary statistical tables on student mobility and a description of the Commonwealth Universities Study Abroad Consortium program. Contains 41 references. (JB)

This conference proceedings presents 17 papers which examine quality assurance and evaluation in higher education, including methodologies, procedures, and ideas from various nations. The papers include: (1) "Quality Assurance in Higher Education" (Malcolm Frazer); (2) "Academic Standards Panels in Australia" (Kwong Lee Dow); (3) "The French Comite National d'Evaluation" (Andre Staropoli); (4) "The German Experience" (Edgar Frackmann); (5) "The Hong Kong Initiative" (Allan Sensicle); (6) "Towards an Indian Accreditation System" (Ashoka Chandra); (7) "The Netherlands: The Inspectorate Perspective" (Jan Kalkwijk); (8) "External Quality Assessment, Servant of Two Masters? The Netherlands University Perspective" (Ton Vroeijenstijn); (9) "Evaluation Criteria and Evaluation Systems: Reflections on Development in Sweden and Some Other OECD Countries" (Marianne Bauer); (10) "The UK Academic Audit Unit" (Peter Williams); (11) "The US Accreditation System" (Marjorie Peace Lenn); (12) "Engineering Accreditation in the United States" (Leslie Benmark); (13) "Mutual Recognition and Transfer of Credits: Developments in Europe" (Fritz Dalichow); (14) "The Experience of Validation at Hong Kong Polytechnic" (Diana Mak and Austin Reid); (15) "Quality Assurance at the Open Learning Institute" (Gajaraj Dhanarajan and Andrea Hope); (16) "External Examining at Hong Kong University" (Leung Wai-sun and Shen Chun-ming); and (17) "Conclusion" (David Bethel). An appendix contains abstracts of six additional papers. (MDM)

This anthology contains 16 papers devoted to 3 aspects of human resources development (HRD): the institutional perspective on learning for development, the key actors in HRD, and the role of HRD in improving individual and organizational performance. The papers are: "Human Resources Development and Adjustment" (Kanawaty); "People-Oriented Policies: A Diagnostic Human Framework" (Fyfe); "Development of Management Capacity in the Public Service" (Corkerey); "Organizational Adaptation and the Role of Training" (Gooderham, Lund); "Training for Success: The National Training Awards--Lessons for British Business" (Tolley); "Trainer Skills for New Ways of Learning in Organizations" (Dixon); "Structuring the Line Manager into HRD" (Mann); "Involving Managers in Staff Development: A Jamaican View" (King); "Management Development: An African Perspective" (Jones); "Policy Parameters for Public Service Training in India" (Bhattacharya); "Developing Graduates in Ghana" (Bonsu); "Action Learning as a New Idea" (Jones); "Action Learning--Encountering Chinese Culture" (Pun); "Donor Delivery Style, Learning and Institutional Development" (Sahara); "Designing the Learning Organization: Building Learning Abilities into Organizations" (van der Zee); and "A Maverick Manifesto: Credo for the Professional Teacher" (Nandy). The bibliography lists 219 references, and several articles also include substantial bibliographies. Twelve figures and 15 tables are included. (MN)

This book contains a collection of papers dealing with various aspects of the careers of women in academic life from an international, comparative perspective. Information detailing the status of academic women in nine countries is included along with analyses of these women's experiences in socio-historical context. The papers are grouped in four sections. The first section contains an introductory essay, "In the Same Boat? Academic Women around the World," written by the editors. The essays in the second session attempt to define the problem; they include: "Women in UK Universities: The Road to Casualization?" by Adrienne Aziz; "Women: The Academic Proletariat in West Germany and The Netherlands," by Anne C. Hawkins and Dagmar Schultz; "Women Connecting with Women: Networks and Mentors in the United States," by Virginia E. O'Leary and Judith M. Mitchell; and "Would More Women Make a Difference? Academic Women in Israel," by Nina Toren. The third section, on barriers to productivity, contains "Life Cycle, Career Patterns and Gender Stratification in Academe: Breaking Myths and Exposing Truths," by Diane E. Davis and Helen S. Astin; "The Juggling Act: Work and Family in Norway," by Suzanne S. Lie; and "Role Priorities and Career Patterns: A Cross-Cultural Study of Turkish and Jordanian University Teachers," by Feride Acar. The fourth section presents four papers that look closely a particular groups: "African-American Women in Academia: Paradoxes and Barriers," by Pamela T. Reid; "Beyond the Boundaries: Lesbians in Academe," by Celia Kitzinger; "In Two Worlds: Women Academics in India," by Veena Gill; and "Women Professors in the USA: Where Are They?" by Jennie Farley. The final section contains three papers that suggest solutions and alternatives: "To Make of Our lives a Study: Feminist Education as Empowerment for Women," by Evelyn T. Beck; "A Feminist University in Norway," by Berit As; and "Strategies for Change," by Virginia E. O'Leary and Suzanne S. Lie. The book includes an index. Each of the papers includes extensive references. (JB)

Eight papers, each presented at one of three conferences sponsored by the International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP), are published together in this collection. It provides an overview of the current interest in developing nations in the role of administration in educational development, particularly as that role involves the coordination of administrative efforts at different levels (national, regional, local, and institutional) in the furtherance of national educational policy objectives. The papers are: "Decentralisation in Educational Administration: The Third World Perspective" (Anil Bordia); "Regionalisation of Education: Lessons from Some Experiences of Latin America" (J. B. Bernal); "Education and Sectoral Development at Local Level--An Integrated Approach" (S. N. Saraf); "Experience of Educational Microplanning in Peru through Nuclearisation" (G. Ruiz-Duran); "The 'Nuclearization' Programme in Costa Rica" (Carlos E. Olivera); "Multi-level Educational Planning and Administration in India" (M. V. Mathur); "Integrated Planning in Tanzania--The 1972 Decentralization and the 1975 Village Acts" (Omar R. Mapuri); "A Crash Programme in Mass Education: The Experience of Bangladesh" (M. Selim). An extensive introduction places the papers and their subjects in the broader context of IIEP's ongoing research efforts concerning the place of educational administration in the educational planning process. A substantial bibliography of relevant materials is appended. (PGD)

This book, consisting of 13 papers, deals with the theory, practice, and reactions to participatory research in the area of social research for development. Included in the volume are the following papers: "Breaking the Monopoly of Knowledge: Research Methods, Participation, and Development," by Budd Hall; "Creating Alternative Research Methods: Learning to Do It by Doing it," by Paulo Freire; "The Militant Observer: A Sociological Alternative," by Rosisca Darcy and Miguel Darcy de Oliveira; "Persons, Not Respondents: Alternative Approaches in the Study of Social Processes," by Michael Pilsworth and Ralph Ruddock; "A Critique of Monopolistic Research," by Rajesh Tandon; "Participatory Research or Pretense? Reflections on the Research Phase of an Indonesian Experiment in Non-Formal Education," by Nat J. Colletta; "The Ambiguities of Peasant Participation: Problems of Participatory Research in a Non-conventional Education Project in Senegal," by Oliver LeBrun; "Research as Education for Development: A Tanzanian Case," by Marja-Liisa Swantz; "Research in the New Communities Project: An Urban Housing Estate in England," by Paul Fordham, Geoff Poulton, and Lawrence Randle; "Peasant Participation, Adult Education, and Agrarian Reform in Chile," by Francisco Vio Grossi; "One Step Forward: A Community Project in Northern Canada," by James A. Draper; "Agricultural Farm Workers' Union in India," by Kalpana Tandon and Kawaljit Singh; and "Ambiguities in Participatory Research," by L. Dave Brown. (MN)

Improving the efficiency of schools is a growing concern of educational planners and managers in Asian countries in recent years. The seminar on Improving School Efficiency was convened in December 1998 to address this concern. Seminar topics in this book cover challenges to educational reform, including the introduction of school-based management, which, in turn, engenders changes in the role of central authorities; evaluation of teachers and especially of schools as individual units; and school equity. After the summary, five seminar papers include: "School Autonomy through School-Based Management: The Case of Sri Lanka" (Wilfred J. Perera); "School Autonomy and Efficiency: Some Critical Issues and Lessons" (R. Govinda); "Supervision and Support Services in Five Asian Countries: A Comparative Analysis" (A. De Grauwe); "School Efficiency and Student and School Evaluation in Victoria" (B. Griffiths); and "Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Schools in Korea" (HyunSook Yu). Five annexes contain details about the Improving School Efficiency seminar: opening speech by Professor Wiswa Warnapala, opening statement by G. Carron, seminar program, list of participants, and a list of abbreviations. (Contains 48 references.) (RT)

This book examines emerging trends and issues that promise to change the face of the university in the 21st century. The book is divided into four sections: chapters in the first section examine the future of higher education in the Western hemisphere, which given the dominating position of Western universities has direct and structural implications for the rest of the world; the second section examines the university in the nonwest, offering various modernist, scholar/activist, dissenting, and multicultural approaches; the third section examines alternative universities; and two concluding chapters summarize the discussions and offer alternative paths to the future. Chapters are: (1) "Introduction: Forces Shaping University Futures" (Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley); (2)"University Traditions and the Challenge of Global Transformation" (Philip Spies); (3) "Higher Education at the Brink" (Peter Manicas); (4) "Will the Future Include Us? Reflections of a Practitioner of Higher Education" (Deane Neubauer); (5) "The Virtual University and the Professoriate" (Michael Skolnik); (6) "The Futures for Higher Education: From Bricks to Bytes to Fare Thee Well!" (Jim Dator); (7) "Why Pay for a College Education?" (Tom Abeles); (8) "Of Minds, Markets, and Machines: How Universities Might Transcend the Ideology of Commodification" (David Rooney and Greg Hearn); (9) "At the Edge of Knowledge: Toward Polyphonic Multiversities" (Paul Wildman); (10) "Recovery of Indigenous Knowledge and Dissenting Futures of the University" (Ashis Nandy); (11) "Pakistani Universities: Past, Present, and Future" (Tariq Rahman); (12) "Civilizing the State: The University in the Middle East" (Shahrzad Mojab); (13) "Scholar-Activism for a New World: The Future of the Caribbean University" (Anne Hickling-Hudson); and (14) "Internationalizing the Curriculum: For Profit or Planet?" (Patricia Kelly); (15) "The Crisis of the University: Feminist Alternatives for the 21st Century and Beyond" (Ivana Milojevic); (16) "Homo Tantricus: Tantra as an Episteme for Future Generations" (Marcus Bussey); (17) "Universities Evolving: Advanced Learning Networks and Experience Camps" (Patricia Nicholson); (18) "Consciousness-Based Education: A Future of Higher Education in the New Millennium" (James Grant); (19) "Corporate Networks or Bliss for All: The Politics of the Futures of the University" (Sohail Inayatullah); (20) "Unveiling the Human Face of University Futures" (Jennifer Gidley). A bibliography is appended. (All papers contain notes.) (SM)

The Fourth Regional Conference of the Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration, held in Nicosia, Cyprus, in January 1980, focused on the possible impact of foreseeable changes in educaiton on the school administrator's role. The 16 papers presented (published in this volume) addressed the development of Cyprus's dual educational system; the history and character of Nigeria's educational system; models of change, barriers to change, change strategies, and the principal's role in change; currently needed administrative competencies; the likely nature of the principalship in the year 2000; the monitoring of school performance in the future, with particular reference to the Eastern Caribbean; the characteristics of the principalship in India; the impact of computers on educational administration; the rehabilitation of the deaf in Cyprus; educational management theory and the requirements of educational management programs for principals; factors in the development of a scale for measuring principals' leadership styles and their effects; the concept of managerial discretion in the context of school system rules structures; leadership qualities needed in administrators and education officials as perceived by teachers in Cyprus; curriculum planning for primary education in Cyprus; self evaluation strategies for schools; and professional development for teachers and administrators. (PGD)