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This edited volume presents the latest research focussing on current challenges on the deployment of smart technologies and pedagogies for supporting teaching and learning in the post-covid19 era. This is at the core of studying the evolution of the learning process, the role of technology-supported pedagogical approaches, and the progress of educational technology innovations in the context of digital transformation in education and professional training. A selection of the best papers from the Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA) Conference, 2022 are included in this volume, bringing together high-quality research on Smart Pedagogies in the Post-Pandemic Era; Smart Learning Technologies in the Post-Pandemic Era; and Case Studies of Smart Learning Environments. The volume contributes to the discussion of current issues in digital education between researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.

Since history textbooks omit and/or emphasize certain data, students are left with a false sense of history. Although the "hard data" presented in history texts is generally regarded as reliable, the selection and organization of that data is inherently manipulative because other data has been excluded. Because authors do not begin with a description of the frame of reference which underlies their work, most historical writings have a hidden subjectivity. Three discovery exercises are presented to help secondary or undergraduate students overcome manipulation by texts and promote independent thought. In the first exercise, students identify data about the period 1972-76 which historians might include in one chapter of a text in the year 2050. Once a list of social, economic, and political data has been compiled, students decide which to emphasize and which to eliminate. Lack of concensus will demonstrate how objectivity becomes impossible. Classes can analyze their own texts from this perspective. Exercise two emphasizes how different forms of textbook organization lead the reader towards certain understandings and deemphasize others. In the third exercise, students try to select objective, analytical questions about given periods of history. An assignment to write ten objective sentences and ten analytical statements can point out that the distinction between "objective" and "analytical" is often not clear. (AV)

This series of papers brings together distinguished experts writing on the use of class action litigation to reform public child welfare systems. It is an effort to tease out of four decades of experience in this work, the factors that increase the likelihood that litigation will result in successful system reform. This publication is an outgrowth of a series of conversations among a diverse group of people who have been involved in such litigation--from plaintiffs' lawyers who have filed these cases and agency attorneys who have defended them, to child welfare administrators who have managed systems involved in litigation and technical assistance providers who work with them, to foundation representatives who have helped negotiate settlement agreements and experts appointed by the court to monitor and report on agency performance under those agreements. The papers in this series are presented in two sections. Section I includes papers that address a specific stage or aspect of child welfare litigation, drawing on experience in particular cases, but presenting a more general discussion. Section II focuses more deeply on specific cases from which the authors draw lessons based on their role and case experience. Contents of this publication include: (1) A Powerful Route to Reform or When to Pull the Trigger: The Decision to Litigate (Marcia Robinson Lowry); (2) Structuring Litigation-Driven Child Welfare Reform for Success (Paul Vincent); (3) Role of Foundations in Child Welfare Litigation (Steven D. Cohen); (4) Reflections on the Role of the Monitor in Child Welfare Litigation (Andy Shookhoff); (5) The Use of Data in Child Welfare Litigation (Jerry Milner); (6) Qualitative Case Review in a Child Welfare Lawsuit (Kathleen Noonan); (7) "Engagement is the Reform": The Role of Youth, Foster Parents and Biological Parents in Child Welfare Litigation (Erik Pitchal); (8) Establish the Finish Line at the Start: The Importance of a Disengagement Plan (Grace Lopes); (9) Is Child Welfare Class Action Litigation a Viable Tool to Achieve Race Equity? (Karen Baynes-Dunning); (10) Litigation Leads to Sustainable Reform: A Case Study of Utah's Success (John O'Toole and Leecia Welch); (11) Child Welfare Settlement Compliance in the State of Kansas: Conditions for Success (Teresa Markowitz); (12) New Jersey: A Case Study and Five Essential Lessons for Reform (Kevin Ryan, Eileen Crummy, Molly Armstrong and Lisa Taylor); (13) Perspectives of a Child Welfare Administrator: Managing Change While Under a Consent Decree/Court Order (Uma Ahluwalia); (14) New York City's Administration for Children's Services Reform Effort: When Solutions Are the Problem (Linda I. Gibbs); (15) From a Commissioner's Perspective: The Double-Edged Challenges of Managing Under a Consent Decree (Page B. Walley); and (16) Life Under a Consent Decree: A Conversation with Viola Miller (Viola Miller). Individual essays contain endnotes. [Preface written by Judith Meltzer, Rachel Molly Joseph and Andy Shookhoff.]

Purpose: The purpose of this scientific monograph is to show new and creative approaches to different school subjects in primary and secondary level. Methodology: Interdisciplinary and international comparative approaches were used. Now according to the 7th Framework Program, the preferred form of Science Education (www.scientix.eu) is preferred inquiry-based learning. Chapters in the monograph bring a lot of different kinds of motivation for teachers in practise. Results: Results indicate that using constructivist and inquiry-based learning methods bring positive results in motivation and development of key competencies by pupils in primary and secondary level. Conclusions: Results show that pupils who are working in groups and led by teachers as managers of theirs own activities have better results than pupils led in transmissive form. Recommendations: Educators need to increase their knowledge of the effects of constructivist teaching to pupils and need international and interdisciplinary exchange of best practices. Additional data: Monograph was supported by Erasmus Intensive Program. [Contents of this monograph are as follows: (1) Some Interactive Elementary Mathematics Lessons (Edith Debrenti); (2) Origami and Mathematics (Asuman Duatepe Paksu); (3) New Inequalities in Higher Education: Pre-Service Teachers in Partium Region (Agnes Reka Dusa and Edina Kovacs); (4) Instructional Software with Focus on Instructional Games in Mathematics and Chemistry Education (Pavla Hanzalova and Katerina Chroustova); (5) On a Method Solving Some Mathematical Problems Using Quantifier Elimination (Lukas Honzik); (6) Importance of Narration in Primary Education (Zuzana Chanasova); (7) Use of Educational Software for Mathematics and Computer Science (Jan Guncaga, Janka Majherova, and Hedviga Palasthy); (8) Education in Smart Cities (Sevinc Gulsecen, Serra Celik, Sebnem Ozdemir, Tuba Ugras, and Mustafa Ozcan); (9) Education of the Pupil for Life in the Complex Society and the Role of the Teacher in this Process (Giuseppi Mari); (10) Curricula and Values in Teacher Training (Silvia Matusova); (11) Introduction to Computer Animation and Its Possible Educational Applications (Sajid Musa, Rushan Ziatdinov, Carol Griffiths); (12) Pedagogical Training from the Pre-Service Teachers' Point of View at the University of Debrecen--A Pilot Research (Zoltan Nagy, Krisztina Banoczki, Eszter Gerjak, Daniel Karai, Jozsef Katona, Edina Malmos, and Eva Fruzsina Racz; (13) Sprachliche Attituden der Slowaken in Sudostungarn--Einfluss zum Schulwesen (Sandor Janos Toth); and (14) Science Education--Formal versus Informal Education (Zuzana Vaclavikova). [Individual papers contain bibliographies.]

This chapter describes the basic storage technologies such as traditional paper, magnetic, optical, semiconductor, and uncommon memories, providing an outline of the history and a brief technical description of each device in terms of its volatility, accessibility, addressability, capacity, and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely accepted that predictive maintenance is an essential component of an effective maintenance program. As organisations increase the quantity of predictive maintenance, it becomes increasingly difficult to manage the huge volumes of data generated through the various condition monitoring techniques from potentially many different sources. There are many shortcomings with the status quo, whereby condition monitoring reports are organised using a manual or electronic filing system. Many organisations struggle to make this information easily available across their organisation. Reports can be difficult to find and searching through these reports is often a time consuming manual process. Collecting the data from various condition monitoring techniques for a particular asset can involve manually searching through many filing systems. Seeing the `bigger picture΄ of overall plant health is virtually impossible. While modern Computerised Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) are more than capable of managing the maintenance program, they are not ideally suited to managing high volumes of condition monitoring data. The absence of a suitable information system is often a barrier in the transition from status quo to best-practice. Short term benefits are immediately realised when organisations adopt a best-practice approach to condition monitoring data management. An instantly accessible and exhaustive condition monitoring history for each asset is available, enabling the most informed maintenance decisions to be made. Potential problem areas are communicated to the relevant personnel immediately and overall plant health can be easily determined at any point in time. Over the longer term, these organisations are able to extract an extra layer of value from their condition monitoring data management systems. This may include benchmarking the health of similar assets across the organisation as well as identifying both effective and ineffective maintenance practices. In this paper the author outlines the features and benefits that a best-practice condition monitoring data management system should provide. The people, processes and information systems required for best-practice are discussed in detail. Finally, the author suggests a roadmap that can be followed by those organisations wishing to achieve best-practice data management. Potential challenges that may arise are identified to allow risks to be managed through the implementation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes a look at the availability of data on terrorism and discusses the limitations that they impose of the theoretical development of terrorism research. The post-911 days have seen increased importance being placed on terrorism as a significant area of scholarly inquiry. The sheer volume of published literature has been nothing less than breathtaking. Yet, the level of publicly available data on terrorism has not kept pace with the scientific needs of testing hypotheses. After providing a brief survey of major strands of theories, this paper proposes a new look at the needs of collecting open source, publicly available data on terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing can help companies accomplish more by eliminating the physical bonds between an IT infrastructure and its users. Users can purchase services from a cloud environment that could allow them to save money and focus on their core business. At the same time certain concerns have emerged as potential barriers to rapid adoption of cloud services such as security, privacy and reliability. Usually the information security professionals define the security rules, guidelines and best practices of the IT infrastructure of a given organization at the network, host and application levels. The current paper discusses miscellaneous problems of providing the infrastructure security. The different aspects of data security are given a special attention, especially data and its security. The main components of cloud infrastructure security are defined and the corresponding issues and recommendations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a measurement study of interference from six common devices that use the same 2.4 GHz ISM band as the IEEE 802.11 protocol. Using both controlled experiments and production environment measurements, we quantify the impact of these devices on the performance of 802.11 Wi-Fi networks. In our controlled experiments, we characterize the interference properties of these devices, as well as measure and discuss implications of interference on data, video, and voice traffic. Finally, we use measurements from a campus network to understand the impact of interference on the operational performance of the network. Overall, we find that the campus network is exposed to a large variety of non-Wi-Fi devices, and that these devices can have a significant impact on the interference level in the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software products can only be improved if we have a good understanding of the faults they typically contain. Code faults are a significant source of software product problems which we currently do not understand sufficiently. Open source change repositories are potentially a rich and valuable source of fault data for both researchers and practitioners. Such fault data can be used to better understand current product problems so that we can predict and address future product problems. However extracting fault data from change repositories is difficult. In this paper we compare the performance of three approaches to extracting fault data from the change repository of the Barcode Open Source System. Our main findings are that we have most confidence in our manual evaluation of diffs to identify fault fixing changes. We had less confidence in the ability of the two automatic approaches to separate fault fixing from non-fault fixing changes. We conclude that it is very difficult to reliably extract fault fixing data from change repositories, especially using automatic tools and that we need to be cautious when reporting or using such data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different data are present in every branch of computer science, statistics, mathematics, and such, often treated as soft techniques, as human-computer interaction, usability evaluation and ergonomics. Using standard quality evaluation methods the received results obtained empirically or analytically, are not systemized and that increases the cost of output production. Website quality tests are usually characterized by a repeatability of operations, similar to the tasks defined for the offline tests with the participants. Because every person, an object of valuation, is different and his or her answers, actions and behavior during user experience tests are hard to predict. The role of analytic is to select and classify properly transcribed answers of such users and input them to a knowledge database system. We believe that it is possible to standardize and translate all data given as input and received as output during such tests into one consistent model. Some of artificial computational intelligence methods may help and be effective to increase productiveness of processing the knowledge in a right way basing on the previously received data, by making i.e. feedback to next website analysis. In that case we propose to look closer at uncertainty management, frames and finally propose the idea of expert system enhanced by data mining and inferencing mechanism which will make possible to decide about website quality. In this paper we generally describe quality of website interface, chosen methods of website usability evaluation, the data obtained during evaluation process and prototypes for organizing data in frames for further use in an expert system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new technique for hiding the data of images has been proposed. This method is invented to hide an image file entirely with in another image file keeping two considerations in mind which are Size and Degree of Security. At the source, the image which is to be hidden (target image) is encoded at the end of another image (cover image). Double layer security of the hidden image can be achieved (over the untrusted network) by; firstly, the starting point of encoding the image data is depended on the size of the images and it is stored within the encoded image at the end of its header information as a cipher text.; secondly, the target image is hidden behind the cover image by following our encrypted image hiding technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many cases enterprise models are considered as a part of enterprise knowledge. This paper examines the status of enterprise model as an artifact that is a part of organizational information system. In this view, the enterprise models are a part of information flow in the organization, and in their static state can be regarded as data rather than knowledge. This view helps to understand why the usability of enterprise models is still quite low in spite of the availability of powerful and sophisticated enterprise modeling tools and environments that allow to construct, analyze, maintain, configure, and integrate different types of models and even generate code and configure software subsystems on the bases of models amalgamated in the tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A definition of the term "Data" is presented. In information industry, it refers to distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way. The two general categories of all information systems are data and programs. Data can exist in a variety of forms, as numbers or text on pieces of paper, among others.

lie at the heart of conducting market research. By data we mean a collection of facts that can be used as a basis for analysis, reasoning, or discussions. Think, for example, of the answers people give to surveys, existing company records, or observations of shoppers΄ behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter 6 of the book "Learning from Construction Failures: Applied Forensic Engineering" by Peter Campbell, is presented. It explores the purpose of risk assessment for structures is to identify possible forces or events beyond normal design assumptions, and where possible to mitigate their effects. It states that risk analysis requires data, notably on winds, waves, temperature, earthquakes, service loading, reliability of equipment, and perhaps human performance.

The estimation procedures and annual national income series have been presented. Now I turn to a discussion of results. The pattern of economic growth and structural change during the late tsarist era is the subject of this chapter. In the following two chapters, this pattern will be placed in perspective by means of comparisons with the major industrialized countries prior to War War I and the Soviet Union during the plan era. The most important question to be addressed in this and the following two chapters is the success of the Russian economy during the late tsarist era. In this study, “success” can be measured only in a restricted manner by concentrating on economic growth and the structural changes that accompany growth, and answers can be provided only through comparisons with the experiences of other countries. Other success indicators – efficiency, equity, stability – will be dealt with only in passing or not at all. In this chapter, our focus is narrow and is restricted to the Russian data. Several issues are addressed that have occupied the literature on the economic history of tsarist Russia. The most important of these is the evaluation of the famous thesis of Alexander Gerschenkron that Russian economic development was Asian in character. By “Asian”, Gerschenkron meant economic growth forced by the state rather than spawned by “natural” economic forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]