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The article focuses on the study Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) related to the dry eye disease (DED), it diagnosis and treatment. Topics discsused include impact of diabetes on the dry eye disease prevalence; need for employing technologically advanced testing, such as osmolarity and meibography for the diagnosis of the DED; and need for optometrists to adopt advanced testing measures such as the Lipid layer thickness (LLT) assessment.

The article discusses the availability of tests for detecting dry eye in patients in line for or who have had corneal refractive surgery as of November 2018. It notes that many practices provide a quick questionnaire to identify candidates for testing. The article also describes five dry-eye tests including tear film analysis, refraction and topography, and wavefront analysis, meibography, and pressure and dilation.

The article discusses a 2018 study which shows that lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5% effects a significant decline in all seven symptoms of dry eye disease excluding its signs. Topics covered include the decrease from baseline to 12 weeks in mean tear osmolarity, and different outcomes from data based on osmolarity response criteria. Also note is the unclear trend toward corneal staining and photophobia score improvements.

The article focuses on the meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Topics include the cause and the remedies of dry eye disease, the identification and characteristics of different kind of MGD, provides the four components along with their respective treatment including obstruction, inflammation, biofilm formation and tear film instability