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Acute coronary syndrome is a serious condition that requires urgent assessment and management. This article outlines the nature of the condition, and discusses its underlying pathophysiology. It discusses three types of acute coronary syndrome: unstable angina, ST elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Research and guidelines are used to guide the reader through approaches to initial nursing assessment and the immediate management of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the study Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS) related to the dry eye disease (DED), it diagnosis and treatment. Topics discsused include impact of diabetes on the dry eye disease prevalence; need for employing technologically advanced testing, such as osmolarity and meibography for the diagnosis of the DED; and need for optometrists to adopt advanced testing measures such as the Lipid layer thickness (LLT) assessment.

The article describes the case of an 80-year-old white man taken to the uveitis clinic at the Vanderbilt Eye Institute with a history of intermediate uveitis and positive Lyme titers and then diagnosed with nodular anterior scleritis secondary to varicella zoster virus. Topics mentioned include the presence of structural damage, iris thinning and posterior synechiae, and the use of oral valacyclovir to reduce symptoms and treat inflammation.

The article asserts that pupillary testing should be a component of every comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Topics include pupillary testing having the potential to reveal serious retinal, neurologic or other eye diseases as well as four components of pupillary testing such as observing the pupil size and swinging flashlight test. Also mentioned are relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) and pupil testing revealing information about autonomic nervous system and anterior visual pathways.

The article provides information on achromatopsia, an autosomal recessive disease associated with complete loss of cone cell function resulting in complete loss of color discrimination. Topics include symptoms of achromatopsia, the visual acuity of patients with this inherited retinal disease, and reasons for the lack of therapeutic options for people with achromatopsia.

The article discusses a study which examined the potential of light-activated AU-011, a novel protein capsid-dye conjugate recombinantly derived from the capsid proteins of the papilloma virus, for the primary treatment of ocular melanoma. Topics include the treatment options for people with ocular melanoma, the mechanism of action of AU-011, and the results of a clinical trial on AU-011.

The article discusses the availability of tests for detecting dry eye in patients in line for or who have had corneal refractive surgery as of November 2018. It notes that many practices provide a quick questionnaire to identify candidates for testing. The article also describes five dry-eye tests including tear film analysis, refraction and topography, and wavefront analysis, meibography, and pressure and dilation.

The article discusses a 2018 study which shows that lifitegrast ophthalmic solution 5% effects a significant decline in all seven symptoms of dry eye disease excluding its signs. Topics covered include the decrease from baseline to 12 weeks in mean tear osmolarity, and different outcomes from data based on osmolarity response criteria. Also note is the unclear trend toward corneal staining and photophobia score improvements.

The article focuses on the meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Topics include the cause and the remedies of dry eye disease, the identification and characteristics of different kind of MGD, provides the four components along with their respective treatment including obstruction, inflammation, biofilm formation and tear film instability

The article offers insights from Dr. James Fujimoto, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the functionality of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in visualizing retinal vasculature and function. Topics discussed include the use of OCTA in visualizing microvasculature by motion contrast without using dye injection. Also mentioned is using en face Doppler OCT to measure retinal blood flow.

A quiz concerning diagnosis of a patient with blurry vision due to hypertension is presented.

The article focuses on the significance of pupil's response to light assessment on the overall health of the eye. Topics discussed include the papillary light reflex pathway, the causes of an afferent defect such as anisocoria, the routine assessment for pupil defects, and the management of pupil anomalies.