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This issue of "Bank Street Occasional Papers" explores the value of time outside of school. Educators have given relatively little scholarly attention to young people's nonschool lives. Ignored or valorized, nonschool spaces show up in educational research only as a backdrop, implying that school learning is the yardstick by which to measure the young people's lives. Even scholars who focus primarily on nonschool spaces are limited by their inability to theorize nonschool learning without framing it in terms of school learning (Sefton-Green, 2012; Teitle, 2012). Yet this myopic view of school outcomes only serves to narrow the purpose and possibilities of nonschool time. Therefore, the editors of "Bank Street Occasional Papers" asked authors to expand the conversation about young people's lives outside of school. Contributing authors both engage with current literature on nonschool spaces and offer new and exciting ways to conceptualize nonschool activity and learning. Articles in this issue include: (1) What (and Where) Is the "Learning" When We Talk About Learning in the Home? (Julian Sefton-Green); (2) Global Childhoods, Asian Lifeworlds: After School Time in Hong Kong (Nicola Yelland, Sandy Muspratt, and Caja Gilbert); (3) Becoming-Belieber: Girls' Passionate Encounters with Bieber Culture (Kortney Sherbine); (4) Building After-School Islands of Expertise in "Wrestling Club" (Victor Sensenig); (5) Mapping the Social Across Lived Experiences: Relational Geographies and After-School Time (Jennifer A. Vadeboncoeur and Louai Rahal); (6) Changing Through Laughter with "Laughter for a Change" (Laurel J. Felt and Ed Greenberg); (7) Enhanced Participation: Creating Opportunities for Youth Leadership Development (Clara Waloff); (8) Witnessing the Power of El Sistema in Urban Communities: Sister Cities Girlchoir (Erika Kitzmiller); and (9) Playing Outdoors: The Importance of the City as a Playground for Skateboarding and Parkour (Michael Jeffries, Sebastian Messer, and Jon Swords). Individual articles contain references.

This document presents edited interviews with four former superintendents of instruction--Ewald Nyquist of New York, Jack Nix of Georgia, Dolores Colburg of Montana, and John Pittenger of Pennsylvania. Although the states in which these persons held their positions are quite different, there are a number of commonalities in the problems they faced--their relationship with the board of education; political pressures from the governor, the legislature, and special interest groups; relationships with local education agencies and with the federal government; and the pressures of the job. (IRT)

Chapter 39 of the book "60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: Philadelphia: Including Surrounding Counties, Plus Hunterdon and Mercer, New Jersey," by Sandra Kear and Gareth Kear is presented. It provides information on the Pennypack Ecological Restoration Trust located in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania. It highlights the park's attractions including historic homes, grasslands, and creek. The two-hour hiking time is also depicted.

This paper assesses the relative impact of the major design components of the Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) targeted partnership development initiative on minority employment in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA). Data are drawn from records obtained from the Department of Housing and Urban Development of completed UDAG projects between 1978 and 1988 for the Pittsburgh PMSA. The results suggest that targeting geographic projects by leveraging private investment in a central city does not yield a significant increase in minority employment. Moreover, the geographic emphasis of UDAG projects do not exhibit an ability to increase minority employment. These findings support the benefit capitalization and ecological fallacy arguments, which propose that the benefits of targeted partnerships (i.e., employment) is shifted away from the original beneficiaries. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book contains eight papers examining the evidence from three field experiences in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Washington that were conducted to identify the impact of reemployment bonuses on the following indicators characterizing the unemployment insurance (UI) program: weeks of UI receipt during the benefit year; dollars of UI received during the benefit year; and the percentage of persons who exhaust their UI benefits. The following papers are included: "Introduction and Background of the Reemployment Bonus Experiments" (Walter A. Corson, Robert G. Spiegelman); "Design of Three Field Experiments" (Walter A. Corson, Robert G. Spiegelman); "Participation in the Reemployment Bonus Experiments" (Paul T. Decker, Christopher J. O'Leary, Stephen A. Woodbury); "Bonus Impacts on Receipt of Unemployment Insurance" (Paul T. Decker, Christopher J. O'Leary, Stephen A. Woodbury); "Impacts on Employment and Earnings" (Paul T. Decker, Christopher J. O'Leary, Stephen A. Woodbury); "From Social Experiment to Program: The Reemployment Bonus" (Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury); "A Benefit-Cost Analysis of a Bonus Offer Program" (Robert G. Spiegelman); and "Summary and Policy Implications" (Philip K. Robins). A glossary of terms related to unemployment insurance and the bonus experiments is included along with 50 tables/figures. (Some papers contain substantial bibliographies.) (MN)

A review is offered of the Twin Lakes Campground located in the Allegheny National Forest in Kane, Pennsylvania.

This book contains nine papers presented during a year-long series of seminars and a conference that analyzed the relationship between economic restructuring and industrial relations involving the joint academics, union leaders, government officials, business executives, and graduate fellows. These analyses include case studies from Western Europe, as well as detailed examination of U.S. examples, particularly state-level efforts from Michigan, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. The analyses emphasize the role of industrial relations in these processes. An "Introduction" (Stephen Sleigh) summarizes the case studies and analyses and provides an executive summary of the key conclusions that follow from the papers. The nine papers are as follows: "Economic Development and Industrial Relations in a Small-Firm Economy: The Experience of Metalworkers in Emilia-Romagna, Italy" (Bruce Herman); "Managing Local Development: Lessons from Spain" (Michael Barzelay); "Worker Democracy in Socialist France" (Bernard Brown); "International Competition and the Organization of Production: The Study Action Team Process at Trico Products" (Peter Lazes); "Collaborative Restructuring Efforts: Textile and Apparel Labor-Management Innovation Network, Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania" (Robert Coy et al.); "Labor and Industrial Relations Strategies in the State of Michigan" (Michael Schippani); "Applying Skills-Based Automation through Participatory Management: The Center for Applied Technology" (Frank Emspak); "Can the End of the Social Democratic Trade Unions Be the Beginning of a New Kind of Social Democratic Politics?" (Charles Sabel); and "Training and the New Industrial Relations: A Strategic Role for Unions" (Wolfgang Streeck). Appendixes include lists of the Seminar Advisory Board and seminar presenters, a 360-item bibliography, and an index. (YLB)

The article presents an introduction to a paper on colored domestic service in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The paper attempts to show the relation of the colored domestic to the general domestic service problem on the one hand, and to the great mass of the African American people on the other. This predominance of domestic service over all other occupations followed by the African Americans is recorded of every state in the Union, excepting the Southern States, where agriculture stands first and domestic service a second. It is evident from tables presented in the article that very nearly 60 per cent of the colored workingmen of Pennsylvania are engaged in domestic service; while over 91 per cent of the colored workingwomen of the state are in service. A graphic presentation of these facts makes clear the large proportion of the African American population of Pennsylvania employed in domestic service. In the city of Philadelphia nearly the same preponderance of domestic service in relation to other occupations of the colored people is found. In this house-to-house canvass, every domestic scheduled, with a very few exceptions, was personally interviewed.

This report focuses squarely on strategies for instructional improvement in American high schools. Specifically, this study examines how high schools that perform below average incorporate their state's accountability goals into their own goals, identify their challenges, and search for strategies for instructional improvement. It focuses on how high schools of differing performance levels and contexts, residing in states with different forms of high-stakes accountability and support systems, identify, understand, and respond to the gap between their current levels of performance and external expectations for their performance. The chapters comprising this report examine issues related to the interpretation of accountability policy and the response of high schools and districts. Chapter 1 (Betheny Gross and Jonathan A. Supovitz) introduces the study and presents the methodology. Chapters 2 through 5 are presented in an effort to show how the policy has unfolded for schools by beginning with a discussion of schools' interpretation of the policy and continuing with discussions of the schools' response to the press they experience. Chapter 2 (Diane Massell, Margaret Goertz, Gayle Christensen, and Matthew Goldwasser) presents an analysis of the press teachers and administrators feel and attribute to their state's accountability policy. Chapter 3 (Betheny Gross, Michael Kirst, Dana Holland, and Tom Luschei) discusses how local agents' interpretation of their states' policy shaped their prioritization of goals and challenges. Chapter 4 (Donna M. Harris, Melissa Prosky, Amy Bach, Julian Vasquez Heilig, and Karen Hussar) shows the types of strategies adopted by high schools in response to accountability pressure. Chapter 5 (Elliot H. Weinbaum) offers a different but very relevant perspective with a discussion of the accountability story as experienced by districts. Finally, Chapter 6 (Margaret E. Goertz and Diane Massell) concludes with a discussion that looks across each of the papers to discuss the themes of states' influence on local agents through accountability policy, the consequences of this influence, and policy directions states should consider as this policy is further developed. References can be found at the end of each individual chapter. (Contains 17 tables and 9 figures.)

Prepared for distribution to participants in the Pennsylvania Governor's Forums on Library and Information Services, this booklet contains the following items: letters of welcome from Governor Robert Casey and Barbara Bruno, Chair of the Steering Committee; an agenda; and descriptions of Pennsylvania's libraries, its statewide library service, and the names of library networks in Pennsylvania. Summaries of six conference papers and lists of related discussion issues are also provided: (1) "Building Library Resources for a Free Society" (Virginia M. Crowe) (2) "Creating a Literate Society Using Library Resources" (Kathryn Stephanoff); (3) "Increasing Productivity Through Information Technology" (Toni Carbo Bearman); (4) "Pennsylvania Citizens: Their Needs and Expectations" (Bernard Vavrek); (5) "Pennsylvania's Libraries: The Problems and Promises. Facilities, Materials, Personnel" (H. E. Broadbent III and Virginia Crowe); and (6) "Pennsylvania's Libraries: The Problems and Promises. Funding of Library and Information Services" (Toni Carbo Bearman and H. E. Broadbent III). The booklet concludes with a short list of library and information science acronyms and abbreviations and the names of conference planning committee members and other assisting members. It is noted that 14 Governor's Forums were held in 1990 to gather local input on the issues of concern to library and information users in the various regions of the state. This input was sent to the Governor's Conference, which, in turn, provided input for delegates to the White House Conference on Library and Information Services in July 1991. (MAB)

Chapter 37 of the book "60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: Philadelphia: Including Surrounding Counties, Plus Hunterdon and Mercer, New Jersey," by Sandra Kear and Gareth Kear is presented. It offers information on the John James Audubon Center located at the Mill Grove, Audubon, Pennsylvania. It highlights the attractions of the area including museum, springhouse ruins, stone barn, and bird watching. The map of the said center is also presented.

Chapter 52 of the book "60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: Harrisburg: Including Cumberland, Dauphin, Lancaster, Perry and York Counties," by Matt Willen, is presented. It explores the information about hiking at the Pinchot Lake Trail, which is located on the shores of Lake Pinchot in Pennsylvania. It states that Gifford Pinchot State Park is the nearest recreational center that offers activities like swimming, fishing and disk-golf.

Chapter 51 of the book "60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: Harrisburg: Including Cumberland, Dauphin, Lancaster, Perry and York Counties," by Matt Willen, is presented. It explores the information about hiking at the Mary Ann Furnace Trail, which is located on the shores of Lake Marburg in Pennsylvania. It states that the lake is a man-made water impoundment that is popular among fishermen.

Chapter 24 of the book "60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: Pittsburgh: Including Allegheny and Surrounding Counties," by Donna Ruff is presented. It offers information on the trail surface, facilities, and descriptions of the hiking trails in Bushy Run in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania in which Ligonier Blue Rock marker, Bushy Run battlefield, and dogwood trees can be seen. It also provides the trail directions in Bushy Run, which promotes a combination of tour of the museum and hike through history.

Chapter 9 of Volume 1 of the book "The Life of George Washington," by Washington Irving is presented. It explores on their journey homeward from Venango. It narrates the hardships they experienced during such journey including the deep snow. It explores on the hardships they experienced during their travel along the Allegany river.

An encyclopedia entry about African American novelist and essayist John Edgar Wideman is presented. It relates how his relocation from a predominantly African American neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Shadyside, a predominantly white, affluent area in Pittsburgh, on his written works. Highlights of his educational achievements are outlined. Information is presented on his novels, including "A Glance Away" and "Hurry Home."

Chapter 3 of the book "Organizing America: Wealth, Power, and the Origins of Corporate Capitalism" is presented. It examines the early history of U.S. textile production at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It presents two principle examples of large mills, namely those of Manayunk outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the Lowell mills of New England. It asserts that these mills prefigure the dominant form of industry that materialized at the end of the nineteenth century.

This is the address of thanks and challenge given by longtime activist Barbara Gittings upon the occasion of being honored with an award recognizing her lifelong activism from the Statewide Pennsylvania Rights Coalition (SPARC), meeting in State College, Pennsylvania, on September 16, 2000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter 4 of the book "The Founding Fathers & the Place of Religion in America" is presented. The chapter focuses on the "Holy Experiment" of religious pluralism in the Pennsylvania colony. Details are given describing the vision of the colony founded by Quaker William Penn, the early features of the community, and the ways in which the "experiment" failed over time due to political issues between sects.

Chapter 2 of the book "Everyday Life: Transportation" is presented. It describes about some of the earliest roads and canals of the U.S. The first surfaced road in America was the Lancaster Turnpike that ran from Philadelphia to Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The Great National Pike or the national road was built in early 1800s to facilitate the trading of goods. The construction of canals began in the early 17th century when the Erie Canal was built, linking the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.

The article focuses on the three letters written by Englishmen author Mister Thackeray when he was in the U.S. It states that on his first letter, he made new acquaintances with people and pleased because everybody praised his lectures and read his books. On his second letter from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he states that he was tired of tired of acting lion business and shaking hands with people. It adds that on his third letter, he had liked the cities of Boston, Philadelphia, and New York.

The article features Francis Daniel Pastorius, a German lawyer, who migrated from the America in 1683. It mentions that Posterius had settled in Pennsylvania which is called Germantown Friend and become a member of Society of Friends. It states that Germantown had flourish and grew under his wise supervision. It states that Posterius had written the book entitled "Lives of the Saints," and he dedicated to his former teacher professor Schurmberg, which was written in German and published in 1690.

Chapter I of the book "The Job: An American Novel," by Sinclair Lewis is presented. It explores the personality of captain Lew Golden and his wife Marie Antoinette Golden as well as their daughter Una Golden in Pennsylvania. It highlights the life of Mrs. Golden and Una after the death of Lew. It mentions the hardworks and sacrifices of Una in searching for a job to help her mother.

Public higher educational institutions, where about 80 percent of all college students and 65 percent of all four-year college students are educated, appear to be in serious trouble. In order to delve more deeply into this topic, the author invited a wide-ranging team of experts to examine changes in public higher education over the last quarter century, and to present their findings at a conference at Cornell University in May 2005. Edited versions of their papers are presented here. The authors of the essays are leading researchers from around the country who have intensively studied the causes of the changing finances of public higher education and the ways in which these changes have affected public higher education institutions, their students, and their potential students. Following a preface and an introduction, this book is divided into three parts and 16 chapters. The first part, Setting the Stage, presents the initial chapters of the book: (1) State Preferences for Higher Education Spending: A Panel Data Analysis (Michael J. Rizzo); (2) Do Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty Matter? (Ronald G. Ehrenberg and Liang Zhang); (3) The Increasing Use of Adjunct Instructors at Public Institutions: Are We Hurting Students? (Eric P. Bettinger and Bridget Terry Long); and (4) The Effect of Institutional Funding Cuts on Baccalaureate Graduation Rates in Public Higher Education (Gary L. Blose, John D. Porter, and Edward C. Kokkelenberg). Next, the second part, Individual State Experiences, continues with chapters: (5) The Effects of a Changing Financial Context on the University of California (Gerald R. Kissler and Ellen Switkes); (6) Assessing Public Higher Education in Georgia at the Start of the Twenty-First Century (Christopher Cornwell and David B. Mustard); (7) Changing Priorities and the Evolution of Public Higher Education Finance in Illinois F. King Alexander and Daniel Layzell); (8) Michigan Public Higher Education: Recent Trends and Policy Considerations for the Coming Decade (Stephen L. DesJardins, Allison Bell, and Iria Puyosa); (9) North Carolina's Commitment to Higher Education: Access and Affordability (Betsy E. Brown and Robert L. Clark); (10) State Support for Public Higher Education in Pennsylvania (Donald E. Heller); (11) The Changing Accessibility, Affordability, and Quality of Higher Education in Texas (Lisa M. Dickson); (12) Higher Tuition, Higher Aid, and the Quest to Improve Opportunities for Low-Income Students: The Case of Virginia (Sarah Turner); (13) Public Higher Education in Washington State: Aspirations Are Misaligned with Fiscal Structure and Politics (William Zumeta); and (14) Consequences of a Legacy of State Disinvestment: Plunging State Support Reduces Access and Threatens Quality at University of Wisconsin System Institutions (David W. Olien). Finally, the last part of the book, Looking to the Future, concludes with the remaining chapters: (15) Why We Won't See Any Public Universities "Going Private" (John D. Wiley); and (16) Concluding Remarks (F. King Alexander). A list of references and an index are also included.