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This document is part of Subvolume C 'Renewable Energy' of Volume 3 'Energy Technologies' of Landolt-Börnstein Group VIII 'Advanced Materials and Technologies'. It contains: 3 Wind energy conversion 3.1 History 3.2 Different converter types: an overview 3.3 Physical basics 3.3.1 Origin of wind energy 3.3.2 Energy content of the wind 3.3.3 Energy conversion on a blade 3.3.4 Power coefficients 3.3.4.1 Betz‘ law and the power coefficient cp 3.3.4.2 Tip speed ratio 3.3.4.3 Power efficiency 3.4 Technical design of converters 3.4.1 The design with gearbox 3.4.2 The design without gearbox 3.4.3 The Multibrid design 3.4.4 Aspects of design 3.4.4.1 The tower 3.4.4.2 Heat energy 3.4.4.3 Control and monitoring 3.4.4.4 Mechanical stability 3.4.4.5 Wind direction set-up 3.4.5 Technical figures for two modern wind converters 3.5 Connection to the electrical grid 3.5.1 Requirements of the grid 3.5.2 Adaptation of grid frequency and speed of electrical generator 3.5.3 Special aspects of the connection of offshore wind parks 3.6 Use of wind energy 3.6.1 World-wide status 3.6.2 Federal Republic of Germany 3.7 Economical and environmental aspects 3.7.1 Environmental comparison 3.7.2 Energy payback time 3.8 Outlook 3.9 References for 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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