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Brassica napusis currently the principal field crop for producing materials for primary, secondary and tertiary industries. B. napusshoots at stem elongation stage are rich in anthocyanins, vitamin C and mineral elements such as selenium, calcium and zinc, and represent a new type of green vegetable. However, the high crude fiber (CF) content of B. napusshoots affects their taste, and few studies have focused on the quality traits of these vegetables. In this study, we investigated five traits related to the CF components, including neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicellulose (Hem) and cellulose (Cel), of B. napusshoots. Whole-genome resequencing at a depth of ∼20× was utilized to genotype an association panel of 202 diverse accessions, which resulted in the identification of 6,093,649 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 996,252 indels, respectively. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for the five CF-related traits based on the phenotypic data observed in four environments. A total of 1,285 significant SNPs were detected at the threshold of -log10(p) = 5.16, and 97 significant association regions were obtained. In addition, seven candidate genes located on chromosomes A2 (one gene), A8 (three genes), A9 (two genes) and C9 (one gene) related to CF traits were identified, and ten lines containing low CF contents were selected as excellent germplasm resources for breeding. Our results contributed new insights into the genetic basis of CF traits and suggested germplasm resources for the quality improvement of B. napusshoots.

A new synthesis of tert-butyl (1R,2S,5S)-2-amino-5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)cyclohexylcarbamate, a key intermediate of edoxaban, is disclosed. This compound is a cyclohexane cis-diamine whose structure is a synthetic challenge. The known synthetic methods suffer from drawbacks, such as low yield, long reaction times, as well as excessive use of NaN3. The new method includes a total of nine steps starting from the known compound, (1S,4S,5S)-4-bromo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one, whose γ-butyrolactone frame is ring-opened to form trans-3-azido-4-hydroxy cyclohexane after the first two steps. Subsequent oxidation leads to the formation of a cyclohexanone, which is then transformed to cis-diamine through enzyme-catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination, acylation with CbzCl, and reduction of the azido group successively. The target, tert-butyl (1R,2S,5S)-2-amino-5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)cyclohexylcarbamate, is finally formed through acylation with (Boc)2O, followed by deprotection of the Cbz group using hydrogenation.

Radiocarbon (Δ14C) serves as an effective tracer for identifying the origin and cycling of carbon in aquatic ecosystems. Global patterns of organic carbon (OC) Δ14C values in riverine particles and coastal sediments are essential for understanding the contemporary carbon cycle, but are poorly constrained due to under-sampling. This hinders our understanding of OC transfer and accumulation across the land–ocean continuum worldwide. Here, using machine learning approaches and >3,800 observations, we construct a high-spatial resolution global atlas of Δ14C values in river–ocean continuums and show that Δ14C values of river particles and corresponding coastal sediments can be similar or different. Specifically, four characteristic OC transfer and accumulation modes are recognized: the old–young mode for systems with low river and high coastal sediment Δ14C values; the young–old and old–old modes for coastal systems with old OC accumulation receiving riverine particles with high and low Δ14C values, respectively; and the young–young mode with young OC for both riverine and coastal deposited particles. Distinguishing these modes and their spatial patterns is critical to furthering our understanding of the global carbon system. Specifically, among coastal areas with high OC contents worldwide, old–old systems are largely neutral to slightly negative to contemporary atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) removal, whereas young–old and old–young systems represent CO2sources and sinks, respectively. These spatial patterns of OC content and isotope composition constrain the local potential for blue carbon solutions.

The Space Advanced Technology demonstration satellite (SATech-01), a mission for low-cost space science and new technology experiments, organized by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), was successfully launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of ∼500 km on July 27, 2022, from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre. Serving as an experimental platform for space science exploration and the demonstration of advanced common technologies in orbit, SATech-01 is equipped with 16 experimental payloads, including the solar upper transition region imager (SUTRI), the lobster eye imager for astronomy (LEIA), the high energy burst searcher (HEBS), and a High Precision Magnetic Field Measurement System based on a CPT Magnetometer (CPT). It also incorporates an imager with freeform optics, an integrated thermal imaging sensor, and a multi-functional integrated imager, etc. This paper provides an overview of SATech-01, including a technical description of the satellite and its scientific payloads, along with their on-orbit performance.

The present study preliminarily examined the differences in maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpiowhen foraging on four gastropods species (Bellamya aeruginosa, Radix auricularia, Parafossarulus sinensisand Alocinma longicornis) under laboratory conditions. In the maximum handling size trial, five fish from each age group (1-year-old and 2-year-old) and each genotype (transgenic and non-transgenic) of common carp were individually allowed to feed on B. aeruginosawith wide shell height range. The results showed that maximum handling size increased linearly with fish length, and there was no significant difference in maximum handling size between the two genotypes. In the size selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on three size groups of B. aeruginosa. The results show that the two genotypes of C. carpiofavored the small-sized group over the large-sized group. In the species selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on thin-shelled B. aeruginosaand thick-shelled R. auricularia, and five pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on two gastropods species (P. sinensisand A. longicornis) with similar size and shell strength. The results showed that both genotypes preferred thin-shelled Radix auriculariarather than thick-shelled B. aeruginosa, but there were no significant difference in selectivity between the two genotypes when fed on P. sinensisand A. longicornis. The present study indicates that transgenic and non-transgenic C. carpioshow similar selectivity of predation on the size- and species-limited gastropods. While this information may be useful for assessing the environmental risk of transgenic carp, it does not necessarily demonstrate that transgenic common carp might have lesser environmental impacts than non-transgenic carp.

Introduction:Previous research has demonstrated that an isocaloric diet rich in trans-fatty acid (TFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA), and cholesterol (Chol) promoted steatosis-derived hepatic tumorigenesis in hepatitis C virus core gene transgenic (HCVcpTg) mice in different manners. Growth factor signaling and ensuing angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis are key factors in hepatic tumorigenesis that have become recent therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the influence of dietary fat composition on these factors remains unclear. This study investigated whether the type of dietary fat would have a specific impact on hepatic angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis in HCVcpTg mice. Methods:Male HCVcpTg mice were treated with a control diet, an isocaloric diet containing 1.5% cholesterol (Chol diet), or a diet replacing soybean oil with hydrogenated coconut oil (SFA diet) for a period of 15 months or with shortening (TFA diet) for 5 months. The degree of angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis and the expression of growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), were evaluated in non-tumorous liver tissues using quantitative mRNA measurement, immunoblot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Results:Long-term feeding of SFA and TFA diets to HCVcpTg mice increased the expressions of vascular endothelial cell indicators, such as CD31 and TEK receptor tyrosine kinase, in addition to lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1, indicating that angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis were upregulated only by these fatty acid-enriched diets. This promoting effect correlated with elevated VEGF-C and FGF receptor 2 and 3 levels in the liver. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α, both key regulators of VEGF-C expression, were enhanced in the SFA- and TFA-rich diet groups as well. The Chol diet significantly increased the expressions of such growth factors as FGF2 and PDGF subunit B, without any detectable impact on angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis. Conclusion:This study revealed that diets rich in SFA and TFA, but not Chol, might stimulate hepatic angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis mainly through the JNK-HIF1α-VEGF-C axis. Our observations indicate the importance of dietary fat species for preventing hepatic tumorigenesis.

Lead ions (Pb2+) are poisonous heavy metal pollutants that pose a constant threat to human health. To address this issue and develop a rapid and selective detection method for lead ions in various bodies of water, a highly sensitive sensor based on a glass carbon electrode modified with solid solution quantum dots (SSQDs) was constructed. The use of Cu-doped CeO2SSQDs with extremely reduced size enhances the electroactive area due to their abundant edge sites and significant surface charge imbalance. The sensor exhibits exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and stability for anodic stripping voltammetry analysis of Pb2+. Under optimal conditions, the sensor achieves a lower detection limit of 5.652 pM. In natural water samples, the recoveries of Pb2+ranged from 97.6 to 105.0% with a relative standard deviation below 4.7%. The superior electrochemical performance of the sensor suggests its significant potential for detecting heavy lead ions in a variety of applications.

Regional and persistent PM2.5pollution seriously undermines the development of urban ecological civilizations and the advancement of high-quality economies. The producer service sector, an example of a typical knowledge-intensive service industry, plays an important role in advancing the manufacturing industry and fostering economic growth while concurrently improving urban environmental conditions. Based on panel data of prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2019, this study constructed a Spatial Durbin Model and a mediation effect model to comprehensively explore the impact of producer services agglomeration on PM2.5pollution. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 2006 to 2019, PM2.5pollution in the study area exhibited an initial rise followed by a subsequent decline, with notable spatial heterogeneity. PM2.5pollution in the lower reaches of the Yellow River was significantly higher than in the middle and upper reaches. In addition, the spatial pattern of producer services agglomeration showed distinct “core-edge” characteristics. (2) The agglomeration of producer services had a significant negative impact on local and adjacent PM2.5pollution, and there was a more pronounced haze reduction effect in the case of specialized agglomerations of producer services and low-end producer services. (3) The agglomeration of producer services indirectly improved PM2.5pollution by promoting technological innovation and optimizing industrial structure, with the latter playing a greater mediating effect. This study not only helps expand the theoretical and empirical research on producer services agglomeration but also offers valuable insights for pursuing a green transformation of the Yellow River Basin by optimizing industrial patterns through the producer services sector. This approach represents a reference for curbing PM2.5pollution and guiding the region toward a greener future.

Rolling bearing is one of the core components in rotating machinery, and its running status directly affects the operation of the whole equipment. Faults of rolling bearings in the actual working process are often multiple faults. To effectively separate fault sources, the blind source separation method is used for the compound fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. Because of the impact of the number of artificially limited decompositions and quadratic penalty factor on VMD in the decomposition process, and the slow convergence and low accuracy in the objective function of traditional FastICA operation, the VMD algorithm based on the energy loss coefficient and the information entropy is proposed, which adaptively determines the number of modal components and the quadratic penalty factor; The Tukey M estimation is selected as the objective convergence function of the FastICA algorithm to improve its robustness. First, VMD is used to decompose the signal; Secondly, the original signal and the decomposed IMF component are reconstructed, the covariance matrix and the singular value decomposition are constructed, the number of fault sources is estimated by the proximity dominance method, and the decomposed IMF components are filtered through correlation analysis and kurtosis index to build a multi-channel feature set; Finally, the constructed multi-channel feature set is input to the FastICA algorithm based on the Tukey M estimation for the separation of fault source signals to achieve composite fault diagnosis. The compound fault experiment shows that the proposed method in this paper can effectively realize the blind source separation of rolling bearing fault features to realize the compound fault diagnosis in different positions.

ABSTRACT Because of a long storage time, recycled fine aggregates (RFAs) derived from demolition concrete have an extremely low content of carbonatable compounds, which makes it difficult to improve their [...]

Ferroptosis holds great potential in cancer treatment, but its efficacy is severely limited by a low Fenton reaction efficacy. Meanwhile, the interactive relationship between Ferroptosis and the PD-1 blockade is still vague. Herein, a hydrazide/Cu/Fe/indocyanine green coordinated nanoplatform (TCFI) is constructed by a hydrazide-metal-sulfonate coordination process. The TCFI nanoplatform exhibits Fenton-/catalase-/glutathione oxidase-like triple activities and accordingly can trigger lipid peroxidation, relieve hypoxia, and downregulate the glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 axis, thus achieving positively and negatively dually enhanced Ferroptosis in B16F10 cancer cells. Under near-infrared laser irradiation, the TCFI nanoplatform induces robust immunogenic cancer cell death by elevating the intracellular reactive oxygen species level through synergistic photodynamic therapy/Ferroptosis, which significantly potentiates CD8+T cell infiltration into tumors and interferon-γ secretion. Moreover, upregulated interferon-γ efficiently inhibits system xc–activity and sensitizes cancer cells to Ferroptosis. Interestingly, the PD-1 blockade may strengthen the reciprocal process. The combination of the TCFI nanoplatform and αPD-1 can eliminate primary tumors and inhibit distant tumor growth, lung metastasis, and tumor recurrence. This study presents a simple and novel coordination strategy to fabricate tumor microenvironment-responsive nanodrugs and highlights the enhancement effect of photodynamic therapy on reciprocal Ferroptosis and antitumor immunity.

Bisabolene is a bioactive sesquiterpene with a wide range of applications in food, cosmetics, medicine, and aviation fuels. Microbial production offers a green, efficient, and sustainable alternative. In this study, we focused on improving the titers of α-bisabolene in Yarrowia lipolyticaby applying two strategies, (i) optimizing the metabolic flux of α-bisabolene biosynthetic pathway and (ii) sequestering α-bisabolene in lipid droplet, thus alleviating its inherent toxicity to host cells. We showed that overexpression of DGA1and OLE1to increase lipid content and unsaturated fatty acid levels was essential for boosting the α-bisabolene synthesis when supplemented with auxiliary carbon sources. The final engineered strain Po1gαB10 produced 1954.3 mg/L α-bisabolene from the waste cooking oil under shake flask fermentation, which was 96-fold higher than the control strain Po1gαB0. At the time of writing, our study represents the highest reported α-bisabolene titer in the engineered Y. lipolyticacell factory. This work describes novel strategies to improve the bioproduction of α-bisabolene that potentially may be applicable for other high-value terpene products.

In order to alleviate the rapid capacity decay caused by the instability of the crystal structure and electrode/electrolyte interface, a series of Li2SiO3-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4materials have been prepared via the lithium acetate-assisted sol–gel method followed by a short-term calcination process. During the sol–gel process, TEOS is hydrolyzed, condensed, and polymerized with the assistance of lithium acetate to form a Li+-embedded [Si–O–Si]nnetwork structure to ensure the uniformity of the coating. By changing the amount of TEOS and lithium acetate, the coating thickness can be precisely controlled, whose effects on the structural and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4materials are intensively investigated. The results show that the material with an appropriate thickness of Li2SiO3coating exhibits a larger primary particle size and reduced secondary particle agglomeration. The uniform Li2SiO3coating with appropriate thickness can not only improve Li+ion diffusion kinetics but also suppress side reactions and CEI growth at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Besides, the interaction of Li2SiO3with HF can alleviate electrode corrosion and the dissolution of transition metal ions. All the abovementioned factors together promote the significant improvement of the electrochemical performance of Li2SiO3-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4materials.

The cooler storage ring (CSR) external-target experiment (CEE) at the Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou (HIRFL) will be the first giga-electron volt large-scale nuclear physics experiment developed independently in China. The primary physics goal of the CEE is to study the nuclear equation of state, hypernuclei, and radioactive ion beam physics. The zero degree calorimeter (ZDC) of CEE measures the centrality and reaction plane of the nuclear–nuclear collision relative to the hadron background. It consists of 192 roughly trapezoidal plastic scintillator (PS) crystal blocks coupled with photomultiplier tube (PMT) to convert charged particles into electrical signals. The readout electronics consist of 12 front-end electronics (FEEs), the subtrigger module, and the subclock module. In addition, one high voltage (HV) crate provides an HV power supply for the PMTs. According to the electrical test on the electronics, the root mean square (RMS) noise is less than 0.4 mV, and the nonlinearity is less than 0.06%. The heavy-ion beam test shows that the ZDC can measure particles up to $Z =7$ , which meets the physics requirements.

Space-filling designs are widely used in computer experiments. They are frequently evaluated by the orthogonality and distance-related criteria. Rotating orthogonal arrays is an appealing approach to constructing orthogonal space-filling designs. An important issue that has been rarely addressed in the literature is the design selection for the initial orthogonal arrays. This paper studies the maximin L2-distance properties of orthogonal designs generated by rotating two-level orthogonal arrays under three criteria. We provide theoretical justifications for the rotation method from a maximin distance perspective and further propose to select initial orthogonal arrays by the minimum G2-aberration criterion. New infinite families of orthogonal or 3-orthogonal U-type designs, which also perform well under the maximin distance criterion, are obtained and tabulated. Examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the constructed designs for building statistical surrogate models.

Colorectal cancer is often accompanied by multiple organ metastasis. Anaerobic Bifidobacterium Infantis(BI) bacterial can selectively grow in hypoxic colorectal tumor microenvironment (TME), to own the natural advantage of preferentially colorectal tumor targeting. Herein, a self-guidance biological hybrid drug delivery system (BI-ES-FeAlg/DOX) based on BI was constructed to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer. Results demonstrated that BI-ES-FeAlg/DOX could overcome physical barriers to target and accumulate in colon tumor tissues. Then DOX was released to kill tumor cells along with the phase transition (solid to liquid) of FeAlg hydrogel, due to Fe3+was reduced to Fe2+by intracellular GSH. Meanwhile, BI-ES selectively colonized into tumors and expressed endostatin (ES) protein to down-regulate VEGF and bFGF expression, exerting anti-angiogenic effect. Moreover, FeAlg catalyzed H2O2in the local tumor to generate cytotoxic ·OH, further enhancing the antitumor effect. The pharmacodynamic result in AOM/DSS model proved that BI-ES-FeAlg/DOX had the best therapeutic effect, with the final V/V0of 2.19 ± 0.57, which was significantly lower than the other groups. Meanwhile, on CT-26 tumor-bearing model, it also showed an outstanding anti-tumor effect with inhibition rate of 82.12% ± 3.08%. In addition, lung metastases decreased significantly in tumor metastasis model after BI-ES-FeAlg/DOX treatment.

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