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In numerous studies, intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) have proven effective in helping students learn mathematics. Prior work posits that their effectiveness derives from efficiently providing eventually-correct practice opportunities. Yet, there is little empirical evidence on how learning processes with ITSs compare to other forms of instruction. The current study compares problem-solving with an ITS versus solving the same problems on paper. We analyze the learning process and pre-post gain data from N = 97 middle school students practicing linear graphs in three curricular units. We find that (i) working with the ITS, students had more than twice the number of eventually-correct practice opportunities than when working on paper and (ii) omission errors on paper were associated with lower learning gains. Yet, contrary to our hypothesis, tutor practice did not yield greater learning gains, with tutor and paper comparing differently across curricular units. These findings align with tutoring allowing students to grapple with challenging steps through tutor assistance but not with eventually-correct opportunities driving learning gains. Gaming-the-system, lack of transfer to an unfamiliar test format, potentially ineffective tutor design, and learning affordances of paper can help explain this gap. This study provides first-of-its-kind quantitative evidence that ITSs yield more learning "opportunities" than equivalent paper-and-pencil practice and reveals that the relation between opportunities and learning gains emerges only when the instruction is effective.

For the forty-fifth time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented online and onsite during the annual AECT Convention. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume #1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume #2. This year, both volumes are included in one document.

In this study we present results of a discourse analysis of the interactions between two partners, Uma and Sean, through a feminist lens. During roughly five hours of small group work in a teaching experiment, how each partner used language to position each other's thinking as mathematically significant and establish a collaborative environment varied dramatically. Specifically, Uma shouldered the burden of continuously working to maintain collaboration, oftentimes at the expense of having her thinking positioned as mathematically significant. On the other hand, Sean regularly offered little opportunity for Uma to engage openly with his thinking, which ultimately constrained Uma's opportunities to learn. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]

This study traces the evolution of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) through published Research Articles (RAs) in four major journals: "ReCALL," "CALL," "Language Learning & Technology (LL&T)," and "CALICO Journal." The paper outlines the rationale and the methodology of this, which begins with downloading all 2,397 full RAs published in English, from the very first issues up to the end of 2019. This preliminary report already gives an overview of the history of the field; in particular, the increasing number of papers attests to the healthy state of research in CALL. Subsequent analysis focuses on a subcorpus of 426 papers chosen by the frequency of citation in each year as a gauge of impact within the community. The final analysis will use computer tools to help identify methodologies, themes, and theories as they rise and fall over the years. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]

For the forty-fourth time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented online and onsite during the annual AECT Convention. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For volume 1, see ED617428.]

For the forty-fourth time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented online and onsite during the annual AECT Convention. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For volume 2, see ED617429.]

For the fortieth time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Jacksonville, Florida. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 19 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Fourteen papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. The 14 paper in Volume 2 include: (1) Technology in Support of Diverse Assessment (Gary L. Ackerman); (2) Changing with the Times: How Do We Lead Technology Integration, Including Mobile Devices, in Schools? (Stacie Barnett-Slusher); (3) A Systems Solution for Engaging Learners in STEM Learning (Anthony Betrus, Steven Canning, and Marshall Hughes); (4) Game-for-Social-Change: A Way Home--A Game to Teach Players about a Serious Topic While Driving Civic Engagement (Suzanne Ensmann); (5) STEAM Powered Tools for Art Education (David Gardner and Colby Parsons); (6) Wearable Computers: Past, Present, and Future Possibilities (Byron Havard, Courtney Hyland, Megan Podsiad, and Nancy B. Hastings); (7) Design and Development of a Tool to determine E-learning Readiness (Cathy James-Springer and Katherine Cennamo); (8) Peer-Led Team Learning in a Problem-Solving Course: Lessons Learned (Miguel Lara); (9) Non-Traditional Students--Leading the Charge to Change the Respect of Student Time in the Online Classroom (Tammy McClain-Smith); (10) TILC: An Innovative Learning Community Leading Educational Change (Gabriela A. Mendez, Jason Karp, and Jennifer L. Reeves); (11) OMG! Leading and Learning to Create Faculty and Student Engagement Opportunities (Gabriela A. Mendez, Jennifer L. Reeves, and Jason Karp); (12) Future Ready Librarians and OERs Lead Learning for Change (Heather Morin); (13) Evaluation of the Duolingo English Test: Implications for K-12 English Language Learners (ELL) (Cara A. North, Anna R. Leach, Natalie R. Gintert, Tim Nunn, and Ana-Paula Correia); and (14) An Exploration of the Enhancing Student's Cross-Cultural Competence in Ubiquitous MOOC Instructional Design Model (Boonrat Plangsorn, Jaitip Na-Songkhla, and Lara M. Luetkehans). (Individual papers contain references. [For Volume 1, see ED580816.]

For the fortieth time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Jacksonville, Florida. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 19 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Fourteen papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. Volume 1 contains the following 19 papers: (1) Gamification for Change: A New Approach to Investigate Students' Attitudes toward Educational Gamification in Online Learning Environments (Sumayah Abu-Dawood); (2) Facilitating Higher Levels of Thinking and Deeper Cognitive Processing of Course Text Using Reciprocal Teaching Strategies in Asynchronous Discussion Forums (Jenifer R. Marquis and Ginger S. Watson); (3) Online Learning Design and Implementation Models: A Model Validation Study Using Expert Instructional Designers (Ann Armstrong and Albert Gale); (4) Tracking the Design and Development of a Six Module miniMOOC for Quality Graduate Supervision (Hawazen Alharbi and Michele Jacobsen); (5) Diversity Training in Organization Settings: Effective and Ethical Approaches for Change Leaders (Ashley McArthur and Nancy B. Hastings); (6) Hey, Want to Play? "Kahooting" to Win the Learning Game (Papia Bawa); (7) An Examination of Prior Knowledge and Cueing Effects in an Animation (Ismahan Arslan-Ari); (8) Teacher Perceptions of the Adaptation of the New Computer Science (CS) Curriculum: An Evaluation of CS Curriculum Implementation (Suhkyung Shin, Jongpil Cheon, and Sungwon Shin); (9) Multimedia Video Resolution, Camera Angle, and the Impact on Instructor Credibility and Immediacy (Miguel Ramlatchan and Ginger S. Watson); (10) The Effects of Visible-Annotation Tool on the Learning Process and Learning Outcome in CSCL (Yoonhee Shin, Jaewon Jung, and Dongsik Kim); (11) Pre-Service ICT Teachers' Recommendations for School Internet Safety (Sanser Bulu, Melike Kavuk-Kalender, and Hafize Keser); (12) Turkish Schools' Readiness for Preventing Cyberbullying (Melike Kavuk-Kalender, Hafize Keser, and Sanser Bulu); (13) Examining Technology Integration Decision-Making Processes and Identifying Professional Development Needs of International Teachers (Medha Dalal, Leanna Archambault, and Catharyn Shelton); (14) Integrating Learning Analytics into Workforce Education to Develop Self-Assessment Competency (Lin Zhong); (15) Ensuring Academic Integrity in Online Courses: A Case Analysis in Three Testing Environments (Berhane Teclehaimanot, Sue Ann Hochberg, Diana Franz, Mingli Xiao, and Jiyu You); (16) Changing Student Performance and Perceptions through Productive Failure: Active Learning for Applied Chemistry in Pharmaceutics (Dan Cernusca and Sanku Mallik); (17) The Construction of Sentiment Lexicon in Educational Field Based on Word2vec (Xiang Feng and Longhui Qiu); (18) Blended Instruction by Using Simulation Method Teaching to Enhance Digital Literacy for Student Teachers in Thailand (Sumalee Chuachai); and (19) Social Network Use Preferences of Pre-Service ICT Teachers (Omer Faruk Islim and Nese Sevim Cirak). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 2, see ED580817.]

The Commission on International Adult Education (CIAE) of the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education (AAACE) provides a forum for the discussion of international issues related to adult education in general, as well as adult education in various countries around the globe. These papers are from the CIAE 2020 Virtual International Pre-Conference. The global aberration, called COVID-19, defined 2020 beyond national borders. COVID-19 reshaped the format of the 69th annual AAACE conference by replacing the traditional bustling human interaction with virtual meetings and presentations. These "Proceedings" contain 12 papers from 17 authors. The preeminence of COVID-19 in the 2020 International Pre-Conference papers demonstrates CIAE's commitment to being globally responsive and relevant. The word COVID appearing 88 times and COVID-19 appearing 86 times with mentions in two paper titles are an acknowledgement of the common threads of humanity and of hope for a surpassing future. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

For the forty-third time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented online during the annual AECT Convention. Volume 1 contains 37 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For Volume 2, see ED617422.]

For the forty-third time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented online during the annual AECT Convention. Volume 2 contains 15 papers dealing the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues. Papers dealing primarily with research and development are contained in Volume 1. [For Volume 1, see ED617421.]

The 24th Annual Graduate Student Conference of the College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature (LLL) at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa was held online on Saturday, April 18th, 2020. This annual conference provides an opportunity for students to become socialized into academic practices, such as presenting at a conference and producing a paper for publication in these proceedings. It also allows graduate students to take on various roles in the academic community, as conference chairs, proceedings editors, coordinators, and volunteers. This year's conference did not have a specific theme to attest that one theme could not be enough to define the diverse, creative, and intellectual work that the students had done. Following a preface (Victoria Lee, Denis Melik Tangiyev, & Chau Truong) and plenary highlights (Atsushi Hasegawa), papers in these proceedings include: Homeless or Houseless: Terminology Changes for Home Owner Agency (Jenniefer Corpuz); Positing a Hybrid Exemplar Model for L2 Intonation (Bonnie J. Fox); A Look at Prosody in Nasal (Jacob Hakim); Flying in English (Michaela Nuesser); Subtitled Videos as a Learning Tool in an L2 Classroom (Lucia Camardiel Sardiña); An Interactive Analysis on Indirect Conversational Closing Strategies in Chinese (Yunhe Sun); and Emerging Phenomena on Epistemic Marker - "Ketun" in Korean Conversations (Boeui Woo). [Cover title varies: "2020 Proceedings: Selected papers from the 24th Annual Graduate Student Conference, College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature." For the 2019 proceedings, see ED612291.]

The 23rd EUROCALL conference was held in Cyprus from the 24th to the 27th of August 2016. The theme of the conference this year was "CALL Communities and Culture." It offered a unique opportunity to hear from real-world CALL practitioners on how they practice CALL in their communities, and how the CALL culture has developed in local and global contexts. Short papers from the conference are presented in this volume: (1) The impact of EFL teachers' mediation in wiki-mediated collaborative writing activities on student-student collaboration (Maha Alghasab); (2) Towards the development of a comprehensive pedagogical framework for pronunciation training based on adaptive automatic speech recognition systems (Saandia Ali); (3) Digital literacy and sustainability--a field study in EFL teacher development (Christopher Allen and Jan Berggren); (4) Self-evaluation using iPads in EFL teaching practice (Christopher Allen, Stella K. Hadjistassou, and David Richardson); (5) Amateur online interculturalism in foreign language education (Antonie Alm); (6) Teaching Turkish in low tech contexts: opportunities and challenges (Katerina Antoniou, Evelyn Mbah, and Antigoni Parmaxi); (7) Learning Icelandic language and culture in virtual Reykjavic: starting to talk (Branislav Bédi, Birna Arnbjörnsdóttir, Hannes Högni Vilhjálmsson, Hafdís Erla Helgadóttir, Stefán Ólafsson, and Elías Björgvinsson); (8) Investigating student choices in performing higher-level comprehension tasks using TED (Francesca Bianchi and Ivana Marenzi); (9) An evaluation of text-to-speech synthesizers in the foreign language classroom: learners' perceptions (Tiago Bione, Jennica Grimshaw, and Walcir Cardoso); (10) Quantifying CALL: significance, effect size and variation (Alex Boulton; (11) The contribution of CALL to advanced-level foreign/second language instruction (Jack Burston and Kelly Arispe); (12) Using instructional technology to integrate CEFR "can do" performance objectives into an advanced-level language course (Jack Burston, Androulla Athanasiou, and Maro Neophytou-Yiokari); (13) Exploiting behaviorist and communicative action-based methodologies in CALL applications for the teaching of pronunciation in French as a foreign language (Jack Burston, Olga Georgiadou, and Monique Monville-Burston); (14) Mobile assisted language learning of less commonly taught languages: learning in an incidental and situated way through an app (Cristiana Cervini, Olga Solovova, Annukka Jakkula, and Karolina Ruta); (15) Using object-based activities and an online inquiry platform to support learners' engagement with their heritage language and culture (Koula Charitonos, Marina Charalampidi, and Eileen Scanlon); (16) Urban explorations for language learning: a gamified approach to teaching Italian in a university context (Koula Charitonos, Luca Morini, Sylvester Arnab, Tiziana Cervi-Wilson, and Billy Brick); (17) Communicate to learn, learn to communicate: a study of engineering students' communication strategies in a mobile-based learning environment (Li Cheng and Zhihong Lu); (18) Using a dialogue system based on dialogue maps for computer assisted second language learning (Sung-Kwon Choi, Oh-Woog Kwon, Young-Kil Kim, and Yunkeun Lee); (19) Students' attitudes and motivation towards technology in a Turkish language classroom (Pelekani Chryso); (20) Vlogging: a new channel for language learning and intercultural exchanges (Christelle Combe and Tatiana Codreanu); (21) Japanese university students' self-assessment and digital literacy test results (Travis Cote and Brett Milliner); (22) Digital story (re)telling using graded readers and smartphones (Kazumichi Enokida); (23) HR4EU--a web portal for e-learning of Croatian (Matea Filko, Daša Farkaš, and Diana Hriberski); (24) Synchronous tandem language learning in a MOOC context: a study on task design and learner performance (Marta Fondo Garcia and Christine Appel); (25) What students think and what they actually do in a mobile assisted language learning context: new insights for self-directed language learning in higher education (Gustavo Garcia Botero and Frederik Questier); (26) An Audio-Lexicon Spanish-Nahuatl: using technology to promote and disseminate a native Mexican language (Rafael García-Mencía, Aurelio López-López, and Angélica Muñoz Meléndez; (27) The use of interactive whiteboards: enhancing the nature of teaching young language learners (Christina Nicole Giannikas); (28) A pre-mobility eTandem project for incoming international students at the University of Padua (Lisa Griggio and Edit Rózsavölgyi); (29) Can a "shouting" digital game help learners develop oral fluency in a second language? (Jennica Grimshaw, Walcir Cardoso, and David Waddington); (30) Feedback visualization in a grammar-based e-learning system for German: a preliminary user evaluation with the COMPASS system (Karin Harbusch and Annette Hausdörfer); (31) The multimodality of lexical explanation sequences during videoconferenced pedagogical interaction (Benjamin Holt); (32) Automatic dialogue scoring for a second language learning system (Jin-Xia Huang, Kyung-Soon Lee, Oh-Woog Kwon, and Young-Kil Kim); (33) Effects of task-based videoconferencing on speaking performance and overall proficiency (Atsushi Iino, Yukiko Yabuta, and Yoichi Nakamura); (34) Tellecollaborative games for youngsters: impact on motivation (Kristi Jauregi); (35) The Exercise: an Exercise generator tool for the SOURCe project (Kryni Kakoyianni-Doa, Eleni Tziafa, and Athanasios Naskos); (36) Students' perceptions of online apprenticeship projects at a university (Hisayo Kikuchi); (37) The effects of multimodality through storytelling using various movie clips (SoHee Kim); (38) Collaboration through blogging: the development of writing and speaking skills in ESP courses (Angela Kleanthous and Walcir Cardoso); (39) Cultivating a community of learners in a distance learning postgraduate course for language professionals (Angelos Konstantinidis and Cecilia Goria); (40) Task-oriented spoken dialog system for second-language learning (Oh-Woog Kwon, Young-Kil Kim, and Yunkeun Lee); (41) Promoting multilingual communicative competence through multimodal academic learning situations (Anna Kyppö and Teija Natri); (42) Teacher professional learning: developing with the aid of technology (Marianna Kyprianou and Eleni Nikiforou); (43) Quizlet: what the students think--a qualitative data analysis (Bruce Lander); (44) "Just facebook me": a study on the integration of Facebook into a German language curriculum (Vera Leier and Una Cunningham); (45) A survey on Chinese students' online English language learning experience through synchronous web conferencing classrooms (Chenxi Li); (46) Identifying and activating receptive vocabulary by an online vocabulary survey and an online writing task (Ivy Chuhui Lin and Goh Kawai); (47) Exploring learners' perceptions of the use of digital letter games for language learning: the case of Magic Word (Mathieu Loiseau, Cristiana Cervini, Andrea Ceccherelli, Monica Masperi, Paola Salomoni, Marco Roccetti, Antonella Valva, and Francesca Bianco); (48) Game of Words: prototype of a digital game focusing on oral production (and comprehension) through asynchronous interaction (Mathieu Loiseau, Racha Hallal, Pauline Ballot, and Ada Gazidedja); (49) PETALL in action: latest developments and future directions of the EU-funded Pan-European Task Activities for Language Learning (António Lopes); (50) Exploring EFL learners' lexical application in AWE-based writing (Zhihong Lu and Zhenxiao Li); (51) Mobile-assisted language learning and language learner autonomy (Paul A. Lyddon); (52) YELL/TELL: online community platform for teacher professional development (Ivana Marenzi, Maria Bortoluzzi, and Rishita Kalyani); (53) Leveraging automatic speech recognition errors to detect challenging speech segments in TED talks (Maryam Sadat Mirzaei, Kourosh Meshgi, and Tatsuya Kawahara); (54) Investigating the affective learning in a 3D virtual learning environment: the case study of the Chatterdale mystery (Judith Molka-Danielsen, Stella Hadjistassou, and Gerhilde Messl-Egghart); (55) Are commercial "personal robots" ready for language learning? Focus on second language speech (Souheila Moussalli and Walcir Cardoso); (56) The Digichaint interactive game as a virtual learning environment for Irish (Neasa Ni Chiaráin and Ailbhe Ní Chasaide); (57) Mingling students' cognitive abilities and learning strategies to transform CALL (Efi Nisiforou and Antigoni Parmaxi); (58) Taking English outside of the classroom through social networking: reflections on a two-year project (Louise Ohashi); (59) Does the usage of an online EFL workbook conform to Benford's law? (Mikolaj Olszewski, Kacper Lodzikowski, Jan Zwolinski, Rasil Warnakulasooriya, and Adam Black); (60) Implications on pedagogy as a result of adopted CALL practices (James W. Pagel and Stephen G. Lambacher); (61) Exploring the benefits and disadvantages of introducing synchronous to asynchronous online technologies to facilitate flexibility in learning (Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous and Fernando Loizides); (62) A CALL for evolving teacher education through 3D microteaching (Giouli Pappa and Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous); (63) Physicality and language learning (Jaeuk Park, Paul Seedhouse, Rob Comber, and Jieun Kiaer); (64) Designing strategies for an efficient language MOOC (Maria Perifanou); (65) Worldwide state of language MOOCs (Maria Perifanou); (66) A Spanish-Finnish telecollaboration: extending intercultural competence via videoconferencing (Pasi Puranen and Ruby Vurdien); (67) Developing oral interaction skills with a digital information gap activity game (Avery Rueb, Walcir Cardoso, and Jennica Grimshaw); (68) Using WebQuests as idea banks for fostering autonomy in online language courses (Shirin Sadaghian and S. Susan Marandi); (69) Integrating mobile technologies into very young second language learners' curriculum (Gulnara Sadykova, Gulnara Gimaletdinova, Liliia Khalitova, and Albina Kayumova); (70) Investigating commercially available technology for language learners in higher education within the high functioning disability spectrum (Georgia Savvidou and Fernando Loizides); (71) Learning languages in 3D worlds with Machinima (Christel Schneider); (72) What are more effective in English classrooms: textbooks or podcasts? (Jaime Selwood, Joe Lauer, and Kazumichi Enokida); (73) Mind the gap: task design and technology in novice language teachers' practice (Tom F. H. Smits, Margret Oberhofer, and Jozef Colpaert); (74) Language immersion in the self-study mode e-course (Olga Sobolev); (75) Aligning out-of-class material with curriculum: tagging grammar in a mobile music application (Ross Sundberg and Walcir Cardoso); (76) Meeting the technology standards for language teachers (Cornelia Tschichold); (77) Mobile-assisted language learning community and culture in French-speaking Belgium: the teachers' perspective (Julie Van de Vyver); (78) Classification of Swedish learner essays by CEFR levels (Elena Volodina, Ildikó Pilán, and David Alfter); (79) Mobile assisted language learning and mnemonic mapping--the loci method revisited (Ikumi Waragai, Marco Raindl, Tatsuya Ohta, and Kosuke Miyasaka); (80) CALL and less commonly taught languages--still a way to go (Monica Ward); (81) Demystifying pronunciation with animation (Monica Ward); (82) The effects of utilizing corpus resources to correct collocation errors in L2 writing--Students' performance, corpus use and perceptions (Yi-ju Wu); (83) A social constructionist approach to teaching and learning vocabulary for Italian for academic purposes (Eftychia Xerou, Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous, and Antigoni Parmaxi); (84) Flip-J: development of the system for flipped jigsaw supported language learning (Masanori Yamada, Yoshiko Goda, Kojiro Hata, Hideya Matsukawa, and Seisuke Yasunami); and (85) "Check your Smile", prototype of a collaborative LSP website for technical vocabulary (Nadia Yassine-Diab, Charlotte Alazard-Guiu, Mathieu Loiseau, Laurent Sorin, and Charlotte Orliac). An author index is included. (Individual papers contain references.)

For the thirty-ninth time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 24 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Fifteen papers dealing with the practice of educational communications and technology are contained in Volume 2. The 15 papers included in Volume 2 are: (1) Teaching Strategy for the Development of Creative Thinking of Future Educators of Mexico, through ICT (Clotilde Lomeli Agruel, Aidee Espinosa Pulido, Julieta López Zamora, and Francisco Javier Arriaga Reynaga); (2) Designing a Graduate Supervision MOOC for Faculty Development (Hawazen Alharbi and Michele Jacobsen); (3) Game On: Creatively Using Gaming to Teach the Informed Consent Process to Clinical Research Professionals (Jasmin Berrios); (4) Inquiry Based Learning as an Instructional Strategy to Increase Student Achievement in Math and Science (Reza Chowdhury); (5) Exploring the Implications of Mobile Technology Integration within Higher Education Professional Development (Jeanna R. Cronk); (6) A Rationale for Revising Bloom's [Revised] Taxonomy (Afnan N. Darwazeh); (7) Children Have Rights Too Except When They Don't (Suzanne Ensmann and Lenora Jean Justice); (8) Faculty Development for Online Instruction in Higher Education (Rhonda Gregory and Trey Martindale); (9) Understanding the Use of Tablet Devices in the Classroom When Teaching a Group of Learners Diagnosed with Autism (Andrea Lynn Halabi and Ana-Paula Correia); (10) The Use of Digital Storytelling in Teacher Education (Omer Faruk Islim and Pelin Yuksel Arslan); (11) Creative Solutions for Preventing Cyberbullying: Everyone Deserves to Feel Safe in School (Lenora Jean Justice); (12) Creating Ways to Include LGBTQ Students: Everyone Deserves an Education (Lenora Jean Justice); (13) Using a Video Conferencing Tool in a Face-to-Face Class to Promote Engagement (Miguel Lara and Troy Challenger); (14) Trends and Issues in Instructional Technology and School Library Media Educator Preparation Programs: A Roundtable Discussion (Kelly Paynter and Jimmy Barnes); and (15) The Added Value of Conducting Learning Design Meeting to the Online Course Development Process (Denise Shaver). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 1, see ED579661.]

For the thirty-ninth time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 24 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Fifteen papers dealing with the practice of educational communications and technology are contained in Volume 2. The 24 papers included in Volume 1 are: (1) New Definition of Educational Technology (Jafar Ahmadigol); (2) Using Concept Mapping as Note Taking Strategies in Undergraduate Science Courses (Danilo M. Baylen, Erin Duckett, Runeshia Parker, and Elvira Arellano); (3) An eLearning Strategy for New Media Literacy Within a Participatory Culture (Berkay Bulus, J. Ana Donaldson, and Aytekin Isman); (4) Turning Passive Watching to Active Learning: Engaging Online Learners Through Interactive Video Assessment (Huei-Lien Chen); (5) Strengthening Learner Participation in Online Courses: The Role of Digital Content Curation (Ana-Paula Correia and Nadia Jaramillo); (6) Cognitive Load as an Inhibitor to Technology Adoption in P-12 Schools (Tara Dalinger, Scott Haselwood, Jose Fulgencio, Cates Schwark, Ying Xiu, and Tutaleni Asino); (7) Instructional Methods for Online Writing Courses: A Case Study (Ryan Eller, Karen Wisdom, and Bude Su); (8) Design Thinking: A New Construct for Educators (Kristin Elwood); (9) Survey of Teacher Educators on Professional Development Materials Used for Technology Integration Training (Hoyet H. Hemphill, Erkan Caliskan, and Leaunda S. Hemphill); (10) An Investigation of Secondary Pre-Service Music Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Teacher's Self-Efficacy Through Peer Mentoring: A Case Study of the Graduate School of Music Education in South Korea (Eunjin Kim and Byungro Lim); (11) Creative Teacher, Creative Teaching: Identifying Indicators and Inspiration for Professional Innovation in the Teaching Environment (Jody Lawrence); (12) Creativity in Education (Jody Lawrence); (13) VoiceThread: A Design Critique Model for Implementing Asynchronous Feedback into Online, Problem-Based Learning (Jody Lawrence and Stephanie Watson Zollinger); (14) Using Telepresence Robots to Provide Authentic Communicative Practices to Remote Foreign Language Learners (Jian Liao); (15) Perceptions of Technology Integration and Creative Curricula in Child Education (Ashley McArthur, Holly H. Ellis, and Byron Havard); (16) Technology Integration Matrix: Benefits to the Pre-Service Educator (Kelly McKenna, Catherine Otieno, and Lindsey Schulz); (17) The Influence of the Teaching Practicum on Pre-Service Teachers' Perceptions of Good Teaching (Eunkyung Moon, Eunhye Lee, Yonjin Lee, Hoilym Kwon, Wonsug Shin, and Innwoo Park); (18) A Creative Way to Build Confidence and Preparedness for Face-to-Face Interviews: An Online Interview Simulation (DeAnna L. Proctor and Lenora Jean Justice); (19) Designing the Class as a Game to Promote Active Learning in K-12 Education: A Literature Review (Seyedahmad Rahimi and Valerie J. Shute); (20) Designing Health Professions Education to Engender Critical Thinking: A Review of the Literature {Daniel A. Taylor); (21) Faculty Members' Best Practice Standards in the Design of Higher Education Online Courses (Berhane Teclehaimanot and Henry Marshall); (22) Video that Matters: Enhancing Student Engagement Through Interactive Video-Centric Program in Online Courses (Sirui Wang and Huei-Lien Chen); (23) Google Apps as Research Tools (Nicola Wills-Espinosa and Gabriela Jalil); and (24) How Web 2.0 Technologies Drive Learning Integration by Using Twitter in the Teaching Process (Kübra Sultan Yüzüncüyil and J. Ana Donaldson). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 2, see ED579662.]

A paper making process adopts primarily a generic flow of steps across industries. This industry is one of the largest in the world and is touted to be growing further with incremental demand for paper and its affiliated products for its eco-friendliness. However, paper and pulp industry is a heavily resource dependent industry be it forest resource, water resource, energy or chemicals. In fact, it is said to be one of the top five leading consumers of energy. Given such, this industry is a major contributor to depleting natural resources and increasing greenhouse gas emission, adding intensively to the global warming. Against such a backdrop, it offers relevant cause to study the scholarly discussion and debate on sustainable issues in paper and pulp industry playing around the academic universe and also to poke into and discuss some of the issues of sustainability in the industry emerging out of the articles. Accordingly, through this article, the present state of affairs in the academic fraternity on the above topic has been laid out through a bibliometric analysis, while some of the common challenges of environmental sustainability associated with the paper making process have been identified from the literature and discussed thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the forty-second time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 37 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For Volume 2, see ED609417.]

For the forty-second time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Twenty-three papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For Volume 1, see ED609416.]

We compared students' performance on a paper-based test (PBT) and three computer-based tests (CBTs). The three computer-based tests used different test navigation and answer selection features, allowing us to examine how these features affect student performance. The study sample consisted of 9,698 fourth through twelfth grade students from across the U.S. who were randomly assigned to take a test in one of the four modes. CBT modes differed in whether students could skip questions and freely move through the test, and whether students could click directly on the answer choice or had to click on a radio button at the bottom of the screen. Rasch analysis was used to estimate item difficulties and student performance levels. Student performance level was then used as an outcome in hiearchal linear models to determine the mode effects. We found that student performance was unaffected by whether the test was paper-based or computer-based. A comparison of student performance on the three CBTs indicated that restricting test navigation did not affect student performance, but allowing students to select an answer choice by directly clicking on it improved student performance. Our findings show that CBTs can be considered equivalent to PBTs, and the results can also be used to inform best practices for the design of other CBTs.

The 2019 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CSCTFL), held in conjunction with the Ohio Foreign Language Association (OFLA), was held at the Hilton Downtown Columbus from March 14-16, 2019. In accordance with the goals set forth by the founders of CSCTFL, the 2019 conference endeavored "to support language teachers and to advance the study of foreign languages." The conference theme "Breaking Barriers, Building Bridges, Promoting Performance" inspired presenters of 27 workshops and over 200 sessions to focus on three areas: breaking barriers to learning languages, building bridges to new teaching practices and cultures, and promoting and improving student and teacher performance both within and beyond classrooms. A wide variety of sessions and workshop topics offered ideas for infusing world language instruction with music, art, film, literature, technology, current events and much more. Participants explored innovative techniques that integrated technology to enhance student learning. World language educators discovered strategies to engage students to help them take control of their learning. The authors of this year's volume focus on making the U.S. exceptional through language immersion programs, interactive digital technology tools, cross-district and multi-grade collaboration, task-based integrative curriculum and instruction, and more careful mentoring of pre-service teachers during their student teaching practicum.

For the forty-first time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Kansas City, Missouri. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains twenty-seven papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Twenty-one papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For Volume 1, see ED600551.]

For the forty-first time, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Kansas City, Missouri. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains twenty-seven papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Twenty-one papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. [For Volume 2, see ED600552.]

This is an extended conference proceedings report [Long Paper] based on a shorter contributed report at the same conference. A variety of computerized learning platforms exist. In mathematics, most include sets of problems to complete. Feedback to users ranges from a single word like "Correct!" to offers of hints and partially- to fully-worked examples. Behind-the-scenes design of such systems also varies--from static dictionaries of problems to responsive programming that adapts assignments to users' demonstrated skills within the computerized environment. This report presents background on digital learning contexts and early results of a mixed-methods study that included a cluster randomized controlled trial design. The study was in community college algebra classes where the intervention was a particular type of web-based activity and testing system. [This paper was published in: Weinberg, A., Rasmussen, C., Rabin, J., Wawro, M., and Brown, S. (Eds.), "Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education," p638-645. San Diego, CA (2017).]

For the thirty-fourth year, the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Jacksonville, FL. A limited quantity of these Proceedings were printed and sold in both hardcopy and electronic versions. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume #1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume #2. This year, both volumes are included in one document. (Individual papers contain references, tables, and figures.) [For Volumes 1 and 2 of the 2010 proceedings, see ED514646 and ED514647.]

Can student performance on computer-based tests (CBT) and paper-and-pencil tests (PPT) be considered equivalent measures of student knowledge? States and school districts are grappling with this question, and although studies addressing this question are growing, additional research is needed. We report on the performance of students who took either a PPT or one of two different CBT containing multiple-choice items assessing science ideas. Propensity score matching was used to create equivalent demographic groups for each testing modality, and Rasch modelling was used to describe student performance. Performance was found to vary across testing modalities by grade band, students' primary language, and the specific CBT system used. These results are discussed in terms of the current literature and the differences between the specific PPT and CBT systems.

For the thirty-second year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the national AECT Convention in Louisville, Kentucky. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. This volume contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics and represents some of the most current thinking in educational communications and technology. (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 2, see ED511356.]

For the thirty-second year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. This volume includes papers presented at the national convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology held in Louisville, KY. This volume contains papers primarily dealing with instruction and training issues. Papers dealing with research and development are contained in the companion volume (Volume 1). The papers contained in this document represent some of the most current thinking in educational communications and technology. (Individual papers contain references, tables, and figures.) [For Volume 1, see ED511355.]

For the thirtieth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Anaheim, California. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 2 contains several dozen refereed papers dealing with instructional issues in the field of instructional technology. (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 1, see ED499889.]

South African pulp and paper mills have encountered frequent breakdowns of centrifugal pumps, resulting in considerable production losses. A case study was conducted to determine the factors contributing to these failures and devise ways to enhance pump reliability. Data were collected through questionnaires and operational records. The study revealed that inadequate maintenance, misalignment of pump components, lack of lubrication, improper baseplate installation, subpar sealing arrangements, inadequate design of the pumping system, and foreign materials entering the system were the primary causes of pump failure. To improve reliability, this study suggests employing machine learning methods to select the optimal maintenance strategy and provide internal maintenance personnel with training in condition monitoring systems. This will enable both pulp and paper mills and pump manufacturers to identify blind spots and improve the dependability of centrifugal pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2018 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CSCTFL), meeting with the Wisconsin Association for Language Teachers, was held in downtown Milwaukee at the Hilton City Center, March 8-10, 2018. Fifty years of annual conferences were celebrated, each one designed "to support language teachers and to advance the study of foreign languages" in accordance with the aim of the founders of CSCTFL. The conference theme focused on two ideas: (1) the power that knowing another language gives the learner, not only to communicate effectively, but also as an entry point into a different culture, alternate perspectives and a more expansive global outlook; and (2) the power that teachers have to engage their students in the language experience, to advocate for their discipline and to promote high-quality instruction as they learn with and from each other. Conference attendees were able to choose from among 21 workshops and more than 200 sessions ranging from elementary to university levels and representing a number of world languages including Latin and ESL. Session and workshop topics throughout the conference included ideas for using the power of art, film, literature, music, and technology to enhance instruction at all levels as well as a myriad of activities and strategies for growing student proficiency, assessing, curating authentic resources, and more. This report contains articles that discuss student empowerment through a wide variety of methods and tactics. All of them provide practical and proven activities with ideas and suggestions to motivate students to discover and strengthen their second-language voice.

For the twenty-eighth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Orlando, Florida. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 2, see ED499963.]

The 25th European Association of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (EUROCALL) conference was hosted by Modern Languages and Linguistics at the University of Southampton, in the United Kingdom, from the 23rd to the 26th of August 2017. The theme of the conference was "CALL in a climate of change." The theme encompassed the notion of how practice and research in CALL is responding to shifting global circumstances which impact education, including developments arising from economic, political, or environmental change. It cut across areas including considerations for teacher training, competitive educational models, open education, new models for blended learning, collaboration, mobile learning, creative and innovative pedagogy, data analytics, students' needs and sustainability--and crucially, it looked to the future with optimism. The programme was packed with over 200 sessions related to this topic, and it included a large number of workshops, pecha kucha, posters, and symposia. This volume offers a snapshot of this dynamic landscape and contains 60 of the papers presented. This volume reflects the wide variety of topics featured at the conference and the high quality of contributions. (Individual papers contain references.)

For the twenty-seventh year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Chicago, Illinois. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 2 contains papers primarily dealing with instruction and training issues. (Individual papers contain references, figures, and tables.) [For Volume 1, see ED499961.]

The 2017 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages was held at the Palmer House Hilton in downtown Chicago. The theme focused on moving students from knowing about the language to becoming proficient in the language. The conference boasted 328 sessions and workshops. This report contains conference articles that focus on developing proficiency from PK-16. Topics include the promotion and assessment of performance and proficiency in a variety of contexts, and through the use of multiple technologies. Articles also explore the possibilities that exist for intercultural understanding, community engagement, and advocacy for language learning.

Understanding key concepts in molecular biology requires reasoning about molecular processes that are not directly observable and, as such, presents a challenge to students and teachers. We ask whether novel interactive physical models and activities can help students understand key processes in viral replication. Our 3D tangible models are embedded with magnets that accurately represent chemical attractions and, in a study of 492 students, structured model use led to improved understanding of viral replication and self-assembly from pre- to posttest.

The Engineering Libraries Division (ELD) of ASEE has been in existence since 1967, and since then, members of this division have been active participants in the programs of the ASEE annual conference. In this survey, we will present a descriptive analysis of articles published in the Proceedings of ASEE. Data was collected from the ELD webpage, the ASEE Proceedings webpage, and from Ei Compendex for the last 40 years (1976-2016). This study is based on bibliometric analysis and includes the use of visualization techniques with Sci2 Tool software. Although it is recognized that publishing policies for the Proceedings by the ELD Division and ASEE have changed throughout the years, this study aims to present an analysis of the papers published during this period.

The 23rd Annual Graduate Student Conference of the College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature (LLL) at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa was held on Saturday, April 20th, 2019. As in past years, this conference offered the students in the six departments across the college, East Asian Languages and Literatures, English, Indo-Pacific Languages and Literatures, Languages and Literatures of Europe and the Americas, Linguistics, and Second Language Studies, the opportunity to come together and build a stronger community across the college by sharing their work with one another. This annual conference provides an opportunity for students to become socialized into academic practices, such as presenting at a conference and producing a paper for publication in these proceedings. It also allows students to take on various roles in the academic community, as the conference chairs, proceedings editors, coordinators, and volunteers for the conference are graduate students predominantly. As the twenty-third iteration of this conference, it was the perfect opportunity to celebrate all the outstanding achievements of LLL graduate students. This year's conference theme, "Storytelling: The Art of Translation" well attests to the importance of all the creative and intellectual work done and the stories told through languages, literature, media, and more in the college. [Cover title varies: "Storytelling: The Art of Translation. 2019 Proceedings. 23rd Annual Graduate Student Conference, College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature." For the 2018 proceedings, see ED598972.]

For the thirty-eighth time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Indianapolis, Indiana. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 29 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Twenty-three papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. The 23 papers in this volume include: (1) Acculturation into a Collaborative Online Learning Environment (Iryna V. Ashby and Victoria L. Walker); (2) TriviaPrep: Inside the Research, Design, Development, and Implementation of an Educational Competitive-Trivia Mobile Application (Sean D. Bailey); (3) Social Network Analysis as a Design-Based Research Tool in Deploying University-Wide Online Quality Course Standards (John Cowan, Aline Click, Stephanie Richter, Jason Rhode, and Jason Underwood); (4) A Revision to the "Revised" Bloom's Taxonomy (Afnan N. Darwazeh and Robert Maribe Branch); (5) ElevatEd: An Innovative Web-Based Solution for Strategic Planning and Continuous Improvement in Schools (Ioan G. Ionas, Matthew A. Easter, and Blake A. Naughton); (6) Using a Backchannel to Build a Community of Practice in a Professional Development (Lenora Jean Justice); (7) Learning to Lose: Using Gaming Concepts to Teach Failure as Part of the Learning Process (Lenora Jean Justice); (8) Active Learning in Online Learning Environments for Adult Learners (Yu-Chun Kuo and Yu-Tung Kuo); (9) Assessment Strategies for Competency-Based Learning--Lessons Learned (Darci Lammers and Stephen Beers); (10) Peer-Led Hackathon: An Intense Learning Experience (Miguel Lara, Kate Lockwood, and Eric Tao); (11) Fostering Interaction In Distance Learning through Purposeful Technology Integration in Support of Learning Goals (Wei Li and Jennifer. M. Brill); (12) Collaborative Communications in the Classroom (Patrice C. Nyatuame); (13) A Mixed-Methods Study: Student Evaluation Response Rates of Teacher Performance in Higher Education Online Classes (Kelli R. Paquette, Frank Corbett, Jr., and Melissa M. Casses); (14) Creating Effective Instructional Design: Feedback Loops And Habitus (Ardelle Pate and Jeffrey L. Hunt); (15) Efficiency in the Online Environment: Digital Tools That Streamline the Research Paper Process (Kelly Paynter and Jimmy Barnes); (16) An Online Social Constructivist Course: Toward a Framework for Usability Evaluations (Alana S. Phillips, Anneliese Sheffield, Michelle Moore, and Heather Robinson); (17) Games and Simulations: A Potential Future for Assessment (DeAnna L. Proctor and Lenora Jean Justice); (18) An Analysis of Technological Issues Emanating from Faculty Transition to a New Learning Management System (Mapopa William Sanga); (19) AuthorIT & TutorIT: An Intelligent Tutor Authoring & Delivery System You Can Use (Joseph M. Scandura); (20) Design of Instructional Modeling Language and Learning Objects Repository (Altaf Siddiqui); (21) Training Instructional Designers: Engaging Novices in ID Process through a Progressive Case (Lina Souid and Tiffany A. Koszalka); (22) How Human Agency Contributes to Thinking about E-learning (Brent G. Wilson and Andrea Gregg); and (23) Issues in Activity to Improve Subjects and Methods in University Lesson through Active Learning Using Media (Morio Yoshie). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 1, see ED570117.]

For the thirty-eighth time, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Indianapolis, Indiana. The Proceedings of AECT's Convention are published in two volumes. Volume 1 contains 29 papers dealing primarily with research and development topics. Twenty-three papers dealing with the practice of instructional technology including instruction and training issues are contained in Volume 2. The 29 papers included in Volume 1 are: (1) Student Opinions and Perceptions about a Gamified Online Course: A Qualitative Study (Tugce Aldemir and Goknur Kaplan Akilli); (2) Openness, Self-Efficacy, and Willingness to Communicate in a MOOC Learning Environment (Yayoi Anzai and Kanji Akahori); (3) Children's Motivation While Playing Games in a Virtual World: How Many Coins Did You Get? (Daisyane Barreto, Lucas Vasconcelos, and Michael Orey); (4) The Applicability of Design Thinking Process in Education: The Case of Two Afrikan Countries (Rebecca Yvonne Bayeck and Tutaleni I. Asino); (5) Satisfaction, Preferences and Problems of a MOOC Participants (Aras Bozkurt and Cengiz Hakan Aydin); (6) Effects of Speaker's Accent in a Multimedia Tutorial on Non-Native Students' Learning and Attitudes (Vien Cao); (7) Active Learning Strategies to Stimulate Knowledge Integration in a Large Pharmacy Course (Dan Cernusca and Wendy Brown); (8) The Application of the Segmenting Principle: The Effects of Pause Time and Types in Instructional Animations (Sungwon Chung, Jongpil Cheon, Cristina Diordieva, and Jue Wang); (9) Designing and Developing a Case-Based MOOC to Impact Students' Abilities to Address Ethical Dilemmas (Lauren Cifuentes, Seung Won Park, and Jaime McQueen); (10) A Comparison Study of a Face-to-Face and Online Writing Courses (Ryan Eller, Bude Su, and Karen Wisdom); (11) Using Wearable Technology to Support and Measure the Effects of Physical Activity on Educational Persistence (Suzanne Ensmann); (12) Exploratory Analysis of a Motivation Focused Pre-Service Teacher Technology Course (David Gardner); (13) E-Learning Authoring Software Selection: How do Instructional Designers Gain Competency Using and Selecting Appropriate Digital Media Development Tools? (Lisa Giacumo and Quincy Conley); (14) An Educational Reform to Improve Classroom Technology in Turkey: The FATIH Project (Hoyet Hemphill, Erkan Caliskan, and Leaunda Hemphill); (15) Accelerated Engagement of African-American Males Through Social Media (Charles Holloway); (16) The Effects of Prior Beliefs on Student Interactions in Online Debates (Allan Jeong and Zhichun Liu); (17) Effectiveness of Computer-Based Scaffolding for K-Adult Students in the Context of Problem-Centered Instructional Models Related to STEM Education: Bayesian Meta-Analysis (Nam Ju Kim, Brian R. Belland, and Andrew E. Walker); (18) Aligning Change Theory with a Process Model to Assist Self-Identification of Patients with Asthma (Thomas W. Lamey and Gayle V. Davidson-Shivers); (19) Structured Peer Tutoring for Online Learning Readiness (Juhong Christie Liu and Andrea Adams); (20) Pre-service Teachers' Use of Digital Science Notebooks (Seungoh Paek and Lori Fulton); (21) Individual Differences in Perspective Taking (Phoebe Haemin Pahng); (22) Designing Question Prompts Using Practical Inquiry Model to Facilitate Cognitive Presence in Online Case Discussions (Ayesha Sadaf and Larisa Olesova); (23) Analysis of Conversations Regarding Trending Educational Technology Topics across Scholarly Research, Trade Journals, and Social Media (Susan L. Stansberry, Margi Stone Cooper, Scott Haselwood, Matt McCoin, Ying Xiu, Kristi Dickey, Michelle A. Robertson, and Cates Schwark); (24) Factors that Influence Community College Instructors' Adoption of Course Management Systems (Berhane Teclehaimanot and Jeffrey Peters); (25) Peer-Led Online Discussion in Compressed Courses: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Logistical Risks? (Penny Thompson); (26) How Does Culture, Learning, and Technology Impact Nurse Orientation Training Programs? (Arielle Turner); (27) What Keeps Instructors Away From e-Text: Challenges in Adopting E-Textbooks in Higher Education (Sirui Wang and Shuyan Wang); (28) Political Influence on a School District's Educational and Instructional Technology (Steven Watkins); and (29) Accelerating Learning through an Integrated Approach to Faculty Development and Academic Technology Tool Development (Nancy Wentworth). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 2, see ED570118.]

The 2016 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CSC), a joint conference with the Ohio Foreign Language Association, focused on fostering language and culture connections within and outside the language classroom and across the curriculum at all levels. A variety of approaches aimed at improving skills in language, literacy, and critical thinking were highlighted in order to engage students and prepare them for global citizenship in the 21st century. This 2016 report entitled "Fostering Connections, Empowering Communities, Celebrating the World," contains 12 articles that focus on fostering connections between and among language students and teachers, language, culture and content, the language classroom and the world and between K-12 and higher education. Through the integration of meaningful curricula, engaging learning tasks, media and technology, authentic materials, and cultural products in the language classroom, teachers can connect their language classrooms with the authentic lives of their learners. All of these articles underscore the important role of connecting learners with the target language and culture through a variety of means aimed at improving language skills, knowledge and attitudes of language learners in order to prepare them for global citizenship in the 21st century.

Thermal science is a perennial obstacle for learners. Infrared camera technology provides an opportunity for pupils to confront challenging thermal ideas. From an embodied cognition perspective, sensory experiences form metaphoric relations that underpin conceptualisation and reasoning about abstract scientific phenomena. This study investigated eight groups of fourth grade pupils' use of metaphoric relations when engaging thermal cameras to explore "heat" at a science centre. Pupils were videorecorded while collaboratively exploring thermal properties of the surroundings and during a thermos modelling exercise. Qualitative metaphor analyses of pupils' dialogue and behaviour revealed various metaphoric and metonymic relations around spatial properties, colour, movement and change in their conceptualisation of thermal phenomena. "Heat" was almost exclusively conceptualised as a noun, manifested in utterances such as "harder for the heat to escape" and "it wants to get yellow". In addition, pupils used colour as both a metonym and metaphor for heat and temperature. Expressions of "heat as an entity" were closely related to experiences of movement, indicating that spatial cognition is central to children's conceptualisation of heat. Engagement with the cameras provided access to thermodynamic phenomena through unique sensory and nonsensory experiences. Future research will explore how these metaphoric relations can be exploited as a meaning-making resource in the classroom. [For the complete volume, "Bridging Research and Practice in Science Education: Selected Papers from the ESERA 2017 Conference. Contributions from Science Education Research. Volume 6," see ED615249.]

In this paper we analyze and discuss students' performance in a CAS environment related to the simplification of rational expressions. Results indicate that if students have more initial paper-and-pencil techniques, the CAS environment spurs them to deeper theoretical reflections than for students who have fewer techniques. [For the complete proceedings, see ED584829.]

For the thirty-seventh year, the Research and Theory Division and the Division of Instructional Design of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) sponsored the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Jacksonville, Florida. This year's Proceedings is presented in two volumes--Volume 1 includes twenty-seven research and development papers. Volume 2 includes thirty-one papers on the practice of educational communications and technology. The 31 papers with respective authors included in Volume 2 are: (1) Evaluation of Education and ICT Network (EBA) Based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (Ayse Aydin Akkurt, Murat Ataizi, Haci Mustafa Dönmez); (2) Factors That May Influence Instructors' Choices of Including Social Media When Designing Online Courses (Laura L. Alderson, Deborah L. Lowther); (3) A Proposed Framework for Designing MOOCs Based on the Learning Sciences and the First Principles of Instruction (Hawazen Alharbi, Michele Jacobsen); (4) Renaissance 2.0: Connecting Dots (Aras Bozkurt); (5) In the Learner-focused Course Design: Games and Sims 101 (Joanne E. Beriswill); (6) Anatomy of the Megatech Project: A Goal-Based Scenario for Computing Fundamentals (Joanne E. Beriswill); (7) Meaningful Stimulus for a Segmented Instructional Animation: Reflection versus Prediction (Jongpil Cheon, Sungwon Chung, Steven M. Crooks); (8) A National Study of School Library Websites: Preliminary Design & Usability Guidelines (Anthony S. Chow, Rebecca J. Morris, Amy Figley, Jessica Sherard); (9) Designing a Responsive E-Learning Infrastructure: Systemic Change in Higher Education (Anthony S. Chow, Rebecca A. Croxton); (10) Using Addie and Systems Thinking as the Framework for Developing a MOOC: A Case Study (Rebecca A. Croxton, Anthony S. Chow); (11) Video Games and Learning: What Boys Learn From Vidoe Games and Can it Map to the Common Core Standards? (Jason A. Engerman, Alison Carr-Chellman); (12) Interpreting the Aesthetics of Games and Evaluating its Effect on Problem-Solving Using Visualization Theory (Diali Gupta, Beaumie Kim); (13) Designing Feedback to Increase Interaction and Learning in an Online Self-Study Course (Jacob A. Hall, Tiffany A. Koszalka, Lina Souid, Yufei Wu); (14) How a Once-Rejected Grant Proposal Was Later Funded by the State of Georgia (Jackie HeeYoung Kim, Moon-Heum Cho); (15) iBooks Author: Potential, Pedagogical Meanings, and Implementation Challenges (Jackie Heeyoung Kim); (16) Creating Participatory Online Learning Environments: A Social Learning Approach Revisited (Heather Lutz, Quincy Conley); (17) Faculty Training on eLearning: An International Performance Improvement Case Study (Eunice Luyegu); (18) Using the Community of Inquiry Framework for Library Science Course Design: An Eastern Caribbean Example (Dorothea Nelson); (19) Technology Enhanced Learning Strategies In K-12 Classrooms (Esther Ntuli); (20) The Role of Digital Game-Based Learning in Enhancing Social Presence (Ela Akgun Ozbek); (21) Digital Science Notebooks to Support Elementary Students' Scientific Practices (Seungoh Paek, Lori A. Fulton); (22) ESL's and PARCC Online Testing (Christine Patti); (23) Teaching Soft Skills with Games and Simulations (Deanna L. Proctor, Lenora Jean Justice); (24) Online Learning: Genie In a Bottle or Pandora's Box? (Angela Doucet Rand, Gayle V. Davidson-Shivers); (25) Promoting Student-Centered Learning: Team-Based Learning In A Technology-Rich Classroom (Mei-Yau Shih, Susan Han); (26) Computers as Critical Thinking Tools: Primarily Self-Directed, Online Capstone Course (Lina Souid, Yufei Wu, Jacob A. Hall, Tiffany A. Koszalka); (27) Collaborative Design of an Online Self-Directed Course: An Example of a Cognitive Apprenticeship (Lina Souid, Yufei Wu, Jacob A. Hall, Tiffany A. Koszalka); (28) Mobile Technology and Applications for Enhancing Achievement in K-12 Science Classrooms: A Literature Review (Sylvia Manka Azinwi Suh); (29) Evaluation of Web-Based English Reading Activities for Adolescent English Language Learners: A Pilot Study (Wan-Chun Tseng, Robert Dustin Florence); (30) Training Instructional Designers As Edupreneurs (Caglar Yildirim, Moonyoung Park, Tera Lawson, Nadia Jaramillo, Ana-Paula Correia, Ritushree Chatterjee, Pinar Arpaci ); and (31) Engaging the Online Language Learner (Julia Zammit, Sally A. Eliot, Caroline Kelly, Trey Martindale). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 1, see ED562046.]

For the thirty-seventh year, the Research and Theory Division and the Division of Instructional Design of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) sponsored the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the annual AECT Convention in Jacksonville, Florida. This year's Proceedings is presented in two volumes--Volume 1 includes twenty-seven research and development papers. Volume 2 includes thirty-one papers on the practice of educational communications and technology. The 27 papers with respective authors included in Volume 1 are: (1) Information Visualization in Students Eye: An Eye Tracking Study of Rising Sea Levels (Dalia Alyahya, Suzan Alyahya); (2) Interactive eBooks as a Tool of Mobile Learning for Digital-Natives in Higher Education: Interactivity, Preferences and Ownership (Aadil Askar); (3) Recognition of Prior Learning Occurring in Online Informal and Non-Formal Learning Environments: The Case of Higher Education in Turkey (Mesut Aydemir); (4) Open Dialogue: A Content Analysis of the #OpenEducation Twitter Hashtag (Fredrick W. Baker); (5) Enhancing Online Courses with Digital Storytelling (Sally Baldwin, Yu-Hui Ching); (6) Visualizing Learning for the Next Generation: Visual and Media Literacy Research, 2000-2014 (Danilo M. Baylen, Kendal Lucas); (7) Examining the Role of Emotion in Public Health Education Using Multimedia (Sungwon Chung, Kwangwoo Lee, Jongpil Cheon); (8) Students' Online Learning Experiences in Collectivist Cultures (Ana-Paula Correia); (9) Emphasis on Standards: What Do the Interns Report? (Lana Kaye B. Dotson); (10) A Comparison of Learner Self-Regulation in Online and Face-to-Face Problem-Based Learning Courses (Christopher Andrew Glenn); (11) Exploring the Influence of Academic Technology Professionals in Higher Education (Stephanie Glick); (12) Educational Technologies Working in Today's Classrooms: Tech Tools And Apps for Teaching in the Real World (V. Paige Hale); (13) Modeling the Processes of Diagramming Arguments that Support and Inhibit Students' Understanding of Complex Arguments (Allan Jeong, Haeyoung Kim); (14) A Review of Research on Collaboration via Blogs in Online Learning (Habibah Khan, Trey Martindale); (15) Competency of Teachers in Using Technology Based on ISTE NETS.T In Tatweer Schools-Saudi Arabia (Abdulrahman A Kamal); (16) Middle School Teachers' Perspective: The Benefits, Challenges, and Suggestion When Using the iPad (Jeungah Kim); (17) Concept Centrality: A Useful and Usable Analysis Method to Reveal Mental Representation of Bilingual Readers (Kyung Kim, Roy B. Clariana); (18) Adolescents' Internet Use and Usage in a Family Context: Implications for Family Learning (Wilfred W. F. Lau, Allan H. K. Yuen); (19) Leveraging Technology: Facilitating Preservice Teachers TPACK Through Video Self Analysis (James E. Jang, Jing Lei); (20) Use of the Flipped Instructional Model in Higher Education: Instructors' Perspectives (Taotao Long, John Cummins, Michael Waugh); (21) Evaluation of the "Let's Talk: Finding Reliable Mental Health Information and Resources" Pilot Program for Grades 7 and 8 Students in Three Ontarian School Boards and One Independent School in Quebec (Cameron Montgomery, Natalie Montgomery, Christine Potra); (22) Touching Our Way to Better Conversations: How Tablets Impact Cognitive Load and Collaborative Learning Discourses (Christopher Ostrowski); (23) The Effect of Self-Assessment on Achievement in an Online Course (Yasin Özarslan, Ozlem Ozan); (24) Perceptions of the Role and Value of Interactive Videoconferencing and Chat Rooms in Supporting Goals of Cross-Cultural Understanding among Three Educational Nonprofit Organizations (Shilpa Sahay, Pavlo Antonenko); (25) Pre-Service English Teachers' Achievement Goal Orientations: A Study of a Distance English Language Teacher Education Program (Hasan Uçar, Müjgan Bozkaya); (26) Perceptions of Online Program Graduates: A 3-Year Follow-up Study (Michael L. Waugh, Jian Su Searle); and (27) Course Structure Design Decision to Solve Academic Procrastination in Online Course (Yufei Wu, Tiffany A. Koszalka, Lina Souid, Jacob A. Hall). (Individual papers contain references.) [For Volume 2, see ED562048.]

The 22nd Annual Graduate Student Conference of the College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature (LLL) at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa was held on Saturday, April 7th, 2018. As in past years, this conference offered the students in the six departments across the college, East Asian Languages and Literatures, English, Indo-Pacific Languages and Literatures, Languages and Literatures of Europe and the Americas, Linguistics, and Second Language Studies, the opportunity to come together and build a stronger community across the college by sharing their work with one another. This annual conference provides an opportunity for students to become socialized into academic practices, such as presenting at a conference and producing a paper for publication in these proceedings. It also allows students to take on various roles in the academic community, as all conference chairs, proceedings editors, coordinators, and volunteers for the conference are themselves graduate students. As the twenty-second iteration of this conference, it was the perfect opportunity to celebrate all the outstanding achievements of LLL graduate students. This year's conference theme, "L[superscript 4] : Languages, Linguistics & Literature for Life," well attests to the importance of all the creative and intellectual work done at the University of Hawai'i that contributes toward lifelong learning and enrichment. Following a preface (Mitsuko Suzuki) and plenary highlights (Gary Holton), papers in these proceedings include: (1) Taking a Knee: Colin Kaepernick's Pursuit of Stasis (Justin Clapp); (2) The Significance of Queer Specificity in Kim Sa-Ryang's "Into the Light" (1939) (Yijun Ding); (3) Learner Self-Evaluation for Developing English Communicative Competence: A Pilot Study (Hoa T. V. Le); (4) Yamben: A Previously Undocumented Language of Papua New Guinea (Andrew Pick); and (5) Examining the Validity of Conversation Tasks in the AP Japanese Exam: A Discourse Analytic Perspective (Nana Suzumura). [Cover title varies: "L[superscript 4]: Languages, Linguistics & Literature for Life. 22nd Annual Graduate Student Conference College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature. 2018 Proceedings."]

The 2015 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CSCTFL) was held in Minneapolis, Minnesota together with the Minnesota Council on the Teaching of Languages and Cultures, who served as local host. This year's theme underscores the transformative nature of learning a foreign language. As language teachers we have a great responsibility to provide our students with opportunities to learn and explore languages and cultures in ways that foster intercultural communicative competence. The 2015 conference highlighted strategies, practices, and approaches that world language educators can use to help students develop the attitudes, skills, and knowledge necessary to interact with others in our global community. The CSCTFL 2015 conference featured 35 workshops and more than 200 sessions. Nine of the 16 Central States were represented by "Best of" sessions. 21 sessions from the 2014 conference were presented again at the 2015 conference as "All-Stars." The session and workshop topics represented at the 2015 conference included technology in the classroom, intercultural competence, assessment, advocacy, best practices, and the use of literature, art, and music in language classes. The authors whose articles are included in the 2015 CSCTFL "Report" addressed the 2015 conference theme, "Learn Languages Explore Cultures Transform Lives" by focusing on those elements that transform foreign language teaching and learning. The articles provide the reader with innovative ideas and approaches for world language instruction that will assist teachers in transforming their classrooms to meet the needs of the 21st century learners.

This paper aims to present the process of designing and fabricating an automated paper cutting machine. The work presented is the result of the graduation project in mechanical engineering program that follows design process sequence including benchmarking, conceptual design, product development and fabrication of the prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]