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Wood, as the oldest building material, provides some of the basic needs of human beings, including shelter and protection. Wood is used in exterior cladding, carrier systems, joinery, ceiling-floor coverings, windows, doors, and furniture production. When wooden material is exposed to external weather conditions, due to its hygroscopic structure, its physical and mechanical properties deteriorate from exposure to moisture, temperature, and biological organisms. The bending modulus of elasticity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oak (Quercus petraea L.), and chestnut (Castanea sativa M.) wood that was tannin-impregnated and heat-treated at 160 °C, was investigated using Taguchi L9 (33). The sequence was optimized. After heat treatment, the carrier elements were subjected to artificial climate conditions. In the optimization of the data obtained, it was understood that the highest impact factor was the tree type. In contrast, the climate on the elastic modulus was the lowest impact factor. In Taguchi analysis, a mathematical prediction model was created using actual and predicted data using the S/N ratio's biggest-best equation. The R2 of the model can be predicted with an accuracy rate of 98.6%.

SummaryThe field of woodworking is one of the fields that researches the permanent development of artifacts through the development of skills in technical and industrial processes to serve the aesthetic and technical aspects besides the public benefit, which casts a shadow on the development of the individual’s reality through the occupation of these crafts a large part of the individual’s personal life, from this point of view and why For this specialization in terms of technical, technical and utilitarian aspects, the researcher turned to the prospects of benefiting the individual and society by focusing on the development of woodwork and benefiting from it societally within the framework of Egypt’s Vision 2030 in the light of the sustainable development strategy as a research engine consistent with development strategies and the use of all resources and tools in advancing the reality and future of the individual and society , Whereas (Egypt Vision 2030 is a national agenda launched in February 2016 that reflects the country’s long-term strategic plan to achieve the principles and goals of sustainable development in all fields, and to localize them in the various Egyptian state agencies. Egypt’s Vision 2030 is based on the principles of “comprehensive sustainable development” and “regional development” balanced", and Egypt's Vision 2030 reflects the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic dimension, and the social dimension A, and the environmental dimensionFrom this standpoint, the researcher sought to adopt one of the objectives of the economics axis of the sustainable development strategy, Egypt Vision 2030, the sixth goal, which is (providing decent and productive job opportunities) (ii). "Banding and turning"Research problem: To what extent can woodwork be developed as small projects using pressing and wood turning techniques within the framework of the 2030 sustainable development strategy?The research hypothesis: There is a positive relationship between the study and adoption of one of the goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development Strategy, and the development of wooden crafts as small projects using pressing and wood turning techniques.The aim of the research: the development of woodwork as small projects using pressing and wood turning techniques within the framework of the 2030 sustainable development strategy.Keywords 2030 sustainable development strategy - woodwork - small projects - pressing wood - wood turning

The research is studying and publishing two rare wooden boxes designed for preserving the Kaaba keys, both are made in Makkah Al-Mukarramah. One of them is dated (1146 A.H), while the other is dated (1197 A.H). Both boxes are dated back to the Ottoman Era. This paper shows an accurate and scientific description for each box, such as its shape, inscriptions, and decorations, as well as analyzing these inscriptions and decorations in the light of their official role. The research concluded that the first box, dated (1146 A.H ), dates back to the reign of Sultan Mahmud I (1143 - 1168 A.H / 1730) 1754 A.D), during the Emirate of Sharif Masoud bin Saeed bin Zaid, Emir of Makkah Al-Mukarramah in his second period (1146 - 1165 / 1734 - 1752 AD), while the second, dated (1197 A.H) , dates back to the reign of the Sultan Abdul Hamid I who ruled from (1187 A.H / 1773 A.D to - 1203 A.H / 1789 A.D), during the Emirate of Sharif Surur bin Musaed, Sharif of Mecca, who assumed the emirate (1186 - 1203 AH / 1772 - 1789 AD). The study shows their manufacturing style and how they can be used, as they are designed to keep the Kaaba keys. As far as we know, there is no wooden boxes of this type that has been previously published or studied. Thus, we believe that these rare and important two boxes are worth studying, thus, that shows the importance and rarity of these boxes, and that there is no doubt that studying them in an accurately scientific way makes them a new and important addition to wooden artifacts in general, and the Kaaba key boxes specially. But it should be noted that although some of the keys of the Kaaba have been previously published and studied, .

Orbital foreign bodies are not uncommon but a large wooden foreign body involving ipsilateral orbit, nasal cavity and opposite maxilla is not only rare but potentially vision threatening and can be life threatening too. A 43-year-old gentleman presented with injury to his left eye with a tree branch while riding a motorcycle. Examination revealed a left upper eyelid laceration with a hard wooden foreign body lodged between supraorbital rim and upper eyelid, ipsilateral ptosis and periorbital oedema. CT scan showed a transnasal intraorbital foreign body extending from left orbit medially towards opposite maxilla. Exploration was done under general anesthesia and a large linear wooden foreign body measuring 11.5 x 2 x 1.5 cm3 was removed from left orbit without any evidence of damage to vital structures. This is one of the largest reported intraorbital wooden foreign body to the best of our knowledge, hence the report.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of plyometric training on different surfaces on explosive power and muscular endurance performance of male volleyball players. To achieve this purpose forty five male volleyball players studying in the various courses, Annamalai university campus, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India, were randomly selected and divided into three groups of fifteen each. The age of the subjects, ranged from 18 to 24 years. This study consisted of two experimental variables the plyometric training on sand surface (PTSSG) and the plyometric training on wooden surface (PTWSG). The allotment of groups was done at random, thus the Group-I underwent plyometric training on sand surface, the Group-II underwent plyometric training on wooden surface for three days per week for twelve weeks and the Group-III acted as control was not given any specific training. All the subjects were tested prior to and after the experimentation period. The collected data were statistically treated by using ANCOVA, and 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the significance. When the obtained ‘F’ ratio was significant, Scheffe’s post hoc test was used to find out the significant difference among the paired mean differences. The study revealed that the of plyometric training on sand surface and plyometric training on wooden surface groups have significantly improved in explosive power and muscular endurance as compared to the control group. The result also reveals that the improved in explosive power and muscular endurance is significantly more for plyometric training on sand surface group as compared with plyometric training on wooden surface group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• One of the rare researches about the restoration of defaced characters on wooden surfaces. • Pioneering use of different types of wooden surfaces for forensic marks examination. • Easy, rapid, and cost-effective recovery of scraped characters on wooden surfaces. • Possible on-site method for restoration of the marks on wooden surfaces. The stamp markings on wooden surfaces, which are placed on trees and products including antiques, indicate the status of trees and involve identifying data regarding the products. Such markings are obliterated either to facilitate illegal logging or to conceal product information. Despite the wide literature on the restoration of obliterated characters on metal and polymer surfaces, the recovery of defaced characters on wooden surfaces appears to be understudied. Several reference texts in the forensic marks' examination literature suggest that water, water vapor, and alkaline solutions are useful in restoring the abraded markings on the wood. Since there does not seem to be any experimental study proving such success, this study aimed to fill this gap. This study conducted experimental research by using water, ethanol, ammonia, and chloroform to recover the scraped characters on samples obtained from walnut, beech, spruce, oak, and cedar trees. The cold-stamped characters, which were defaced at varying depths, were restored using vapor and liquid phases of four solvents. While the vapor phases of water, ethanol, and ammonia yielded good outcomes on all types of wooden surfaces, the liquid phases did not seem to be useful in the revisualization process. The response of the vapors, which varied between 62 and 220 s, depended on the type of wood. The restoration technique developed in this research offers the possibility of on-site usage, easy application, utilization of low-cost solvents, rapid recovery, and effectiveness on various wooden surfaces. Overall, the restoration methodology used in this research appears to be fruitful in retrieving identifying information on wooden samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of thyme and oregano essential oils in feed formulations to promote growth in chicken broilers. Thyme and oregano essential oils are considered promising ingredients to replace antibiotics as growth promotors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of thyme and oregano essential oils on growth performance, broiler health, and the incidence of muscle abnormalities at different slaughter ages. This study showed that the addition of thyme and oregano essential oils, individually or in combination, significantly increased body weight compared to the control group. Thyme and oregano essential oils improved the feed conversion factor, which indicates lower feed intake (feed intake did not change according to our results) with higher meat production. Muscle abnormalities increased with the addition of thyme and oregano essential oils to broiler diets, which could be due to the increase in the growth rate. In conclusion, the inclusion of thyme and oregano oils in broiler chicken feed resulted in an improvement in the growth performance of broiler chickens. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of thyme and oregano essential oils (as growth promotors), individually and in combination, on the health, growth performance, and prevalence of muscle abnormalities in broiler chickens. Six hundred day-old Cobb 500 hybrid chickens were randomized into four dietary treatment groups with three replicates each. Chicks in the control group (C) received a basal diet, while the experimental treatment groups received basal diets containing 350 mg/kg of thyme oil (T1), 350 mg/kg of oregano oil (T2), and 350 mg/kg of thyme and oregano oil (T3). Growth performance parameters were evaluated at 14, 28, and 42 days. The broilers in treatments T1 and T2 had significantly higher body weights than the control group. The feed conversion ratio was the lowest in chicks who received oregano oil, followed by those fed thyme oil. The overall prevalence of growth-related breast muscle abnormalities (including white striping and white striping combined with wooden breast) in groups receiving essential oils (T1, T2, and T3) was significantly higher than in the control group (C). The thyme and oregano oil diets showed no significant differences in antibody titers against Newcastle disease or interferon-γ (INF-γ) serum levels. In conclusion, thyme and oregano oils had a positive impact on the growth performance of broiler chickens but increased the incidence of growth-related breast muscle abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the preventive effectiveness of geothermal resource waters on the volumetric shrinkage and swelling properties (working property) of wooden. For this purpose, Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) wood samples were treated by immersion method with nine different geothermal source water from Turkey's three different geothermal fields (Afyonkarahisar, Denizli, Kütahya). A higher performance against shrinkage and swelling was observed in wood samples treated with Denizli’s geothermal resource waters. Also, all treated wood samples had lower swelling and shrinkage values compared to untreated ones. These reductions in swelling and shrinkage values show that geothermal resource waters could be effective in reducing the volumetric working property of wooden.

The family Cocculinidae (Gastropoda: Cocculinida) consists of small, usually colourless benthic limpets living primarily at depths below 100 m, and on decaying plant or animal remains. These habitats are difficult to sample and the knowledge about Cocculinidae species diversity, biogeography, ecology and evolution is therefore poor. To explore the species diversity of the Cocculinidae, we examined 499 specimens collected from 196 sites, mainly explored during expeditions of the 'Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos' programme in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP). To propose a species hypotheses, we used an integrated approach to taxonomy in which we combined DNA-based methods, with morphological, geographical and ecological considerations. To classify the species hypotheses into genera, we used a combination of one mitochondrial and two nuclear gene fragments to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree. We then used six morphological characters to diagnose the identified genera. Our results revealed an exceptionally high diversity of IWP Cocculinidae, with 51 species hypotheses that were mostly not assigned to available species names. We also discovered a previously unknown type of copulatory structure in the group. At a higher taxonomic level, we identified ten main clades in the family. Although six of them matched existing genera, four others should be regarded as new genera awaiting formal description. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies (IOWFBs) constitute a relatively rare ocular trauma, which occupy a special type of intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs). Data regarding IOWFBs must be obtained from case reports or small case series due to their rarity. Here, we reported 5 cases of IOWFBs and reviewed the related literatures, which could provide comprehensive information regarding the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of IOWFBs. Combined with the published literature, a total of 51 independent cases were counted after we added 5 cases. Among them, the number of male and female patients was 35 and 16 respectively; the mean age was 27.3±18.2 (range 1-66)y. Obviously, the disorder seemed to occur mainly in young and middle-aged people. Because of the diversity in the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of IOWFBs, misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis often occur during the initial visit. Delayed diagnosis may lead to a high risk of orbital infection caused by IOWFBs. Surgery is the treatment of choice for most patients; however, the missed diagnosis and residue of foreign bodies after previous surgery cannot be ignored. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is governed by the detailed trauma history, careful ocular examination, close observation of clinical manifestations, correct imaging diagnosis [e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT)], and timely and completely elimination of IOWFBs.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of thyme and oregano essential oils (as growth promotors), individually and in combination, on the health, growth performance, and prevalence of muscle abnormalities in broiler chickens. Six hundred day-old Cobb 500 hybrid chickens were randomized into four dietary treatment groups with three replicates each. Chicks in the control group (C) received a basal diet, while the experimental treatment groups received basal diets containing 350 mg/kg of thyme oil (T1), 350 mg/kg of oregano oil (T2), and 350 mg/kg of thyme and oregano oil (T3). Growth performance parameters were evaluated at 14, 28, and 42 days. The broilers in treatments T1 and T2 had significantly higher body weights than the control group. The feed conversion ratio was the lowest in chicks who received oregano oil, followed by those fed thyme oil. The overall prevalence of growth-related breast muscle abnormalities (including white striping and white striping combined with wooden breast) in groups receiving essential oils (T1, T2, and T3) was significantly higher than in the control group (C). The thyme and oregano oil diets showed no significant differences in antibody titers against Newcastle disease or interferon-γ (INF-γ) serum levels. In conclusion, thyme and oregano oils had a positive impact on the growth performance of broiler chickens but increased the incidence of growth-related breast muscle abnormalities.

Büyük Kızılca Village, which is on the Tokat-Amasya highway, is 22 km away from the city center. It is a village connected to the central district of Amasya. The construction of the İstasyon Mosque which is the subject of our research, started in 1956 and was completed in 1958. The building registered in 2011, is intact and open to worship. The master of the building is Mehmed Çavdar from Zile. It is known that the village people also contributed to the construction of the mosque and a mobile workshop was established near the construction site. The mosque has undergone various repairs over time while the original minaret was preserved, and a new minaret was added to its north in 1995. The portico of mosque, which was a closed space in the north, was added to the building later. The building which sits on a rectangular plan in the north-south direction is covered with a fringed hipped roof from the facades. The building is noteworthy with its wooden overlapping ceiling covering the bland. The enceinte is covered with a rectangular three-stories wooden overlapping ceiling with the beam at the bottom, with a rectangular floor near the square in the middle. Geometric and botanical decorations are used on the ceiling. The ceiling colored with root points prepared in the traveling workshop is important. In our study, the structure was handled with wooden overlay ceiling constructions and decorations. The mosque which was built using traditional building elements in the Republican era is important in terms of transferring the knowledge and experiences it has brought from its past to the 20th century and this mosque's master also holds a significant place since he is one of the last masters who follow this tradition. Evaluations were made by taking into consideration the traditional practices in the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 2‐year‐old, male castrated German shepherd dog was presented to the University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center (UTVMC) with periorbital swelling and conjunctival mucopurulent discharge 2 days following removal of a twig from the medial canthus by the owner. Diagnostic imaging was pursued due to the suspicion of a retrobulbar foreign body (FB). A cylindrical FB approximately 3.0 cm in length and 1.0 cm in diameter with concentric rings, suspected to be wooden material, was identified on computed tomography (CT) imaging. An attempt to remove the FB via a stab incision using ultrasound guidance was unsuccessful, and postmanipulation ultrasound confirmed the FB position was unchanged. An exploratory orbitotomy was performed, using the acquired CT images for guidance in locating the FB; however, the FB was not present at the predicted site. The CT imaging was repeated and showed that the FB had migrated rostrally approximately 3.0 cm, compared to the originally acquired study and its same location during attempted ultrasound‐guided removal. A combination of CT‐guided needle placement and contrast injection was then used with repeat imaging in an attempt to better localize the FB and its soft tissue tract. The dog was taken back into the operating room, and the wooden FB was successfully removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uşak is a small settlement located in the inner western Anatolia part of Aegean Region.The region was home to many civilizations in the past, has countless historical artifacts from different periods. The wooden roofed mosque that forms our research topic is one of these works. The mosque in Kavaklı Village, which is a village that is loyal to the Karahallı County being in the southwestern of Usak Province, is dated to the second half of the XIX. century accocding to the its epitaph. The structure protects its originality with the plan and the wooden cover. The purpose of this study is to document the Kavaklı Village Mosque bearing witness to the history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of University of Cumhuriyet, Faculty of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report a case who presented with decreased vision, significant hypotropia, proptosis and gross limitation of extraocular motility for one year. Suspecting an orbital tumour, we asked for a computed tomography of the orbit which revealed a mass lesion in the inferior orbit. However, incisional biopsy reported inflammatory infiltration. Diagnosing it as orbital inflammatory disease, a course of oral steroids was given for four weeks. It was only after the reduction in inflammation that a foreign body was palpable in the inferior fornix. Surgical exploration revealed a large wooden foreign body measuring 3.3 × 1 × 0.3 cm. Though intraorbital foreign bodies are not rare, ambiguous history, delayed presentation and nonspecific CT findings made this case diagnostically challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 5 year old boy with a history of fall from a height of about 4 feet, presented after one week with swelling, watering and discharge of the right eye. He had severe conjunctival chemosis with superior displacement of the globe. Computed Tomography (CT) showed a linear low attenuation tract in the right orbit extending from the inferolateral wall up to the left uncinate process of the ethmoid bone with increasing Hounsfield unit after 10 days. The parents did not agree for early exploration. After 10 days an exploration was done and a large linear and irregular wooden foreign body (FB) measuring 4.5 x 1.5 cm2 was removed from the right orbit and a smaller one from the nasal cavity. Four weeks post surgery, his vision was 6/9 in the right eye with the eyeball in the normal position. This case was challenging because of the late presentation, parents not agreeing for early exploration, difficulty in diagnosing by CT and a large and very deep penetrating FB.

In this study, two mosques in Başköy and İlicek Village where known as “Muşkara” during Damad İbrahim Paşa period in 18th century, also called Horasan Erenleri at the nortwestern of Nevşehir city, Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli spent a large part of his life (13th century) and connecting with the county, the old name of which is Sulucakarahöyük and the modern day name of which is Hacıbektaş were investigated. These two mosques being determined at the result of the field survey were built during the last period of Ottoman Empire. These buildings that partly protecting their originality in respect to architecture propound difference from other buildings in the area and among each other in terms of decoration and using wooden.

In the moderately humid subtropical zone of Lagodekhi, for the selection of new assortment of greenery, the features of growth and development of introduced of decorative wood plants were studied. 14 varieties were made (Magnolia grandiflora L., Cinamomum glanduliferum Meisn., Eucaliptus cinerea F. V. Mueller., E. viminalis Labill., Osmanthus fragrans Lour., Nerium oleander L., Camelia japonica L., Daphne odorata Reicd., Ginkgo biloba L., Magnolia soulangiana Soul., Liriodendron tulipiferum L., Liguidamber stiraciflua L., Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Hidrangea macrophylla Thunb.), 97 trees, 5-8 years old trees and 3-4 year old bushes from the subtropical zone of western Georgia (Samegrelo, Guria, Adjara) with total value of 2994 GEL. Planting and further maintenance of plants were carried out in full compliance with agro-breeding. A 2-year study showed that from only one species of plants (Cinnamomum Camphora) half of the samples died, because they did not respond to local soil and water conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We report a case of orbitocranial wooden foreign body, piercing through roof of orbit, frontal sinus and frontal lobe and reaching up to corpus callosum. It was, missed at the time of injury by treating surgeon and removed by us after five months. Meticulous exploration of wound and radiological imaging study of orbital injuries is mandatory at the time of injury as they complement each other in the diagnosis. Unlike metal foreign bodies that are easily diagnosed on radiological imaging, intraorbital wooden foreign bodies are often missed on cursory clinical evaluation and radiodiagnosis. This may result into significant ocular morbidity at a later date.

This study investigates the influence of temperature and air velocity conditions on ventilation and condensation in spring, summer and autumn periods inside a ventilated cavity in a full-scale wooden roof construction. The roof has 81 thermocouples, four air velocity measurement devices, and a weather station to record temperature and wind velocity. The temperature measurements show large periods of below-ambient temperature, especially during the spring and autumn. A strong correlation exists between the wind speed and air velocity inside the air cavity. Eave-to-eave ventilation was found to be effective, even with a roof angle of 40°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This illustrated essay highlights a neglected item of Irish material folk culture, the humble noggin, the most complex and one of the smallest vessels in a range of wooden containers widely used in former times. Like many such items, a close look at the noggin reveals many important details about the practical quotidian and aesthetic concerns of their users. Proverbial idioms also show how central the noggin was in people’s lives. An extended and more fully referenced version of this essay titled: ‘Noggins, “the nicest work of all”: traditional Irish wooden vessels for eating and drinking’ may be found inIrish Architectural and Decorative Studies: Journal of the Irish Georgian Society, vol. XVIII, 2015, pp. 130–151. The original short version of this article was the 2016 winner of the Paul Johnston Bursary for the best essay on the Irish Decorative Arts, from The Irish Antique Dealers’ Association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify and localize an intraorbital wooden foreign body is often a challenging radiological issue; delayed diagnosis can lead to serious adverse complications. Preliminary radiographic interpretations are often integrated with computed tomography and magnetic resonance, which play a crucial role in reaching the correct definitive diagnosis. We report on a 40 years old male complaining of pain in the right orbit referred to our hospital for evaluation of eyeball pain and double vision with an unclear clinical history. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance scans supposed the presence of an abscess caused by a foreign intraorbital body, confirmed by surgical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interesting case is presented of a wooden foreign body in the neck entering through the right lower vestibule of the mouth. The foreign body traveled subcutaneously in the neck and got stuck in the clavicle, without damaging any vital structures. In this case, the authors highlight the mode of entry of the foreign body, the peculiarity of the wooden foreign body, the management protocol and the outcomes of the penetrating neck injury by the wooden stick.

Exact localization of foreign body is important for planning the treatment required for its retrieval without much tissue damage. Plain film radiography is the initial screening modality used for the detection of suspected foreign body. However, about one-third of all the foreign bodies are missed in the initial radiographic examination. In case of a wooden foreign body, only 15% are well-visualized on plain radiographs and are, therefore, often missed or misdiagnosed. Hence, the different radiographic technique should be used to localize the object instead of relying on a single radiographic image. Here, we present a unique case of foreign body entrapped in the soft tissue appeared initially as osteomyelitis and fracture of the mandible in the digital panoramic radiograph, and finally detected as a foreign body in mandibular occlusal radiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through publications increased in recent years it is understood that a lot of mosques with canti technique were built in the Black Sea region. Because the mosques in questions have a history of about 800 years it can be said that there is a strong tradition of wooden mosques in the Region. By examining the mosque built with the same technology found in areas close to the region it is possible to identify in what way the tradition continued and what kind of influences and differences have occurred. From this point of view the two mosques in Iskilip in Çorum are the subject of this essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The muezzin loges has not been considered as a seperate elements in art history disciplines as a special topic within Turkish Islamic Art History. They have been evaluated mostly within the architectural context. Three types of loges as Hünkâr, Muezzin and Kadinlar, generally handled as a part of the mainframe and not chosen as an independent working field. Those loges were built mostly at the same time with the main building or later and there are no detailed researches about those loges for the building materials, past time repairs or alterations. Very few researches have been restricted with the ones have been in the limelight or with the capital buildings. Examples from the Anatolia have been ignored. The identification of the genre and composition characteristics of these architectural units should have a priorty. These findings for the examples from the Anatolia would be a pathfinder of the effect of developing a program of capital decoration style or the effect of developing a regional style connecting to the present geographical location. In this study, the stenciled wooden muezzin loges of Ahmet Nuri Pasha mosque, Alaybey mosque, Karatarla mosque, Handan Bey mosque, Nuri Mehmet Pasha mosque, Eyupoglu mosque and Haci Nasir mosque at the Gaziantep have been examined. The examination of the examples of which put forth with the traditional regional effects, in the context of the ornamentation program has been intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 5 year old boy with a history of fall from a height of about 4 feet, presented after one week with swelling, watering and discharge of the right eye. He had severe conjunctival chemosis with superior displacement of the globe. Computed Tomography (CT) showed a linear low attenuation tract in the right orbit extending from the inferolateral wall up to the left uncinate process of the ethmoid bone with increasing Hounsfield unit after 10 days. The parents did not agree for early exploration. After 10 days an exploration was done and a large linear and irregular wooden foreign body (FB) measuring 4.5 x 1.5 cm2 was removed from the right orbit and a smaller one from the nasal cavity. Four weeks post surgery, his vision was 6/9 in the right eye with the eyeball in the normal position. This case was challenging because of the late presentation, parents not agreeing for early exploration, difficulty in diagnosing by CT and a large and very deep penetrating FB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perforating injuries of the orbit involving the paranasal sinuses are uncommon. We report a case in which a large wooden foreign body lodged in the posterior orbit and maxillary sinus was surgically removed by a combined approach by ophthalmologists and ear, nose and throat surgeons.

Existing heritage wooden structures in China have a common structural component which composes of layers of wooden beam to resist the vertical applied load. The performance of this type of component under load is not clear particularly under the seismic effect. This paper presents a nonlinear analytical model of a two-layer wooden beam system based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The proposed model takes into account the effect of the friction–slip–shear between the two individual layers with a specified range of slip. There are four deformation scenarios to provide the load resistance based on the state of friction between the two layers and the state of shear at the connector (tenon). The behavior of the tenon with the friction–slip–shear mechanism is significant to the mechanical behavior of the two-layer beam system. This analytical study aims at evaluating the frictional stiffness of a two-layer wooden beam, and an implicit formulation on the frictional stiffness of the system is presented. Its effect on the lateral deformation when subjected to four kinds of loadings is studied. The hysteresis curve is then plotted for different kinds of pseudo-dynamic external loads to illustrate the energy dissipation capacity of this type of joint in Tibetan structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, two mosques in Başköy and İlicek Village where known as "Muşkara" during Damad İbrahim Paşa period in 18th century, also called Horasan Erenleri at the nortwestern of Nevşehir city, Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli spent a large part of his life (13th century) and connecting with the county, the old name of which is Sulucakarahöyük and the modern day name of which is Hacıbektaş were investigated. These two mosques being determined at the result of the field survey were built during the last period of Ottoman Empire. These buildings that partly protecting their originality in respect to architecture propound difference from other buildings in the area and among each other in terms of decoration and using wooden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to discuss the greatest expansion of vacation housing in Sweden for the period of 1960-1980. In focus are product advertisements related to new vacation houses for sale by producers of prefabricated wooden vacation houses. The empirical exploration is based on a content analysis of all issues of a widespread Swedish lifestyle magazine, published monthly between 1960 and 1980. A limited selection of advertisements is further analyzed from a perspective of discourse analysis. The selected advertisements are telling stories, a basic approach in advertising. As a result of the analysis a number of recurring stories can be constructed; the story of freedom of choice and of modem life, the story of multiple dwelling and of the good life, and of family unity. The stories could be stated to be closely connected to crucial values of the "people's home," the core principle of the Swedish welfare state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Culture & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly is the property of Turkish Cultur & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vaginal foreign bodies in girls may be accidental, self-inflicted or secondary to child abuse. These may causes a number of complications like Infections, abscess formation, intestinal perforation, vaginal discharge and internal fistulae. We are presenting a case of a 13 years old girl who presented with a supra-pubic mass and dysuria. X-ray showed a radio-opaque shadow in pelvis. The child was admitted in medical ward with the diagnosis of bladder stone and UTI. She was pouring frank pus from the vagina. On rectal digital examination a hard foreign body was felt in the rectum. Investigations revealed that she had a large pelvic collection, a sharp wooden Foreign Body (FB) extending from the rectum through the vagina in to the urinary bladder forming a bladder stone. Patient also developed recto-vaginal and vesico-vaginal fistulae. Foreign body was removed along with the bladder stone, pelvic abscess drained and colostomy was performed. Later repair of vesico-vaginal fistula were performed, recto-vaginal fistula closed spontaneously and colostomy closed. Patient became fully continent for urine and feces after completion of surgical procedures. A careful history from the child revealed that she had inserted the foreign body herself as a self-exploring practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wooden foreign bodies are frequently missed on plain radiographs because they are radiolucent. Missed foreign bodies may present later as soft tissue tumours. The clinical and radiological features of one such case are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While composite-reinforced glulam beams have been used in several bridge demonstration projects, knowledge of their fatigue behavior is quite limited. In this study, the response of full- and partial-length fiberglass composite-reinforced glulam beams under fatigue cycling followed by quasi-static bending to failure is examined. To mimic anticipated in-service conditions, a hygrothermal cycling regime was developed that replicates the effective stress history of a 50-year service life with a 55-day period in a moisture-controlled kiln. In addition, some of the beams had initial delaminations introduced between the reinforcing and the wood similar to those observed in field investigations of reinforced glulam bridge girders. For the partial-length reinforced beams, reinforcing with both confined and unconfined ends was considered. The results of the postfatigue tests to failure were compared with the expected strength. In addition, the stiffness of the beams was monitored during the fatigue cycling. It was found that, with the exception of the unconfined, partial-length reinforced beams, all specimens had a residual strength that compared favorably with the expected strength. Further, neither the preconditioning nor the fatigue cycling had an appreciable impact on the stiffness of the reinforced beams. The unconfined, partial-length reinforced beams did not perform well under fatigue loading and do not seem to be a viable alternative for use as reinforced glulam bridge girders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A misplaced contact lens is a common ocular emergency presenting to the eye casualty. We report a case of lost soft contact lens which migrated in the lid and presented 13 years later with symptomatic eye lid swelling. Authors in the past have reported migration and subsequent retention of lost hard lenses in locations such as the superior fornix and eyelid. To the best of our knowledge, misplaced soft contact lens masquerading as a chalazion has not been reported in the literature. Consideration should be given to the possibility of a retained contact lens in a patient with a history of a lost or misplaced lens, and examination of the ocular surface with double eversion of the upper lid should be performed.

Expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage can be surgical or spontaneous. Spontaneous expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SESCH) is a rare entity. Most of the reported cases of SESCH were caused by a combination of corneal pathology and glaucoma. We are reporting a rare presentation of SESCH with no pre-existing glaucoma or corneal pathology and caused by massive intra- and peri-ocular hemorrhage due to decompensated liver disease.

Diving into lakes and ponds is a common activity of rural children. We present two cases of penetrating orbital injuries from plant matter sustained in this manner. Such injuries pose a particular challenge because wooden foreign bodies are often missed during orbital exploration, and current imaging modalities cannot reliably identify retained organic material. When a patient presents with orbital penetration after a high-risk mechanism of injury, such as freshwater diving, the clinician must maintain a very high index of suspicion for retained wooden foreign body.

The paper presents the calibration procedure and background data for the development of design code provisions for wood bridges. The structural types considered include sawn lumber stringers, glued-laminated girders, and various wood deck types. Load and resistance parameters are treated as random variables, and therefore, the structural performance is measured in terms of the reliability index. The statistical parameters of dead load and live (traffic) load, are based on the results of previous studies. Material resistance is taken from the available test data, which includes consideration of the post-elastic response. The resistance of components and structural systems is based on the available experimental data and finite element analysis results. Statistical parameters of resistance are computed for deck and girder subsystems as well as individual components. The reliability analysis was performed for wood bridges designed according to the AASHTO Standard Specifications and a significant variation in reliability indices was observed. The recommended load and resistance factors are provided that result in consistent levels of reliability at the target levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research project demonstrates how advanced composite materials can be used to strengthen existing timber bridge beams in order to increase the load capacity of the bridge. Many times, the timber bridges were not designed to withstand the heavy truck traffic that they are currently carrying, and are therefore replaced in favor of modern concrete or steel bridges. Current methods of strengthening timber bridges are not always practical or economical and so these bridges are simply replaced at a high cost to the public. This project investigated whether applying composites in the form of either a fabric wrap or laminate strips to timber beams would increase the load capacity of the beams. Bidirectional carbon fabric was the primary strengthening material used. A total of 10 solid-sawn Douglas Fir timber beams were taken from a timber stringer bridge in Yuma, Ariz. that was replaced in 1999. Seven of the 10 creosote-treated beams were reinforced with carbon fiber and then tested for bending strength, shear strength, and stiffness. Three of the beams were tested as unreinforced control specimens. The results show that applying carbon fabric to the timber beams provides significant increases in the bending and shear capacity, and nominal increases in the stiffness of the beams. Allowable stress modification factors are conceptually discussed that could potentially be used by engineers to determine the safe load-carrying capacity of beams reinforced with carbon fiber. However, a statistically significant number of timber beams strengthened with carbon fiber need to be tested to arrive at definitive stress modification factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic variation in the durability of Pinus sylvestris L. heartwood to a brown rot fungus, Coniophora puteana, was studied using an in vitro decay test. Juvenile heartwood was sampled from 33-yr-old half-sib families growing in a progeny test and from their mothers in a clonal archive. The narrow-sense heritability for the heartwood weight loss was 0.37, and the coefficient of additive genetic variation was 28%. Heritability estimated by the regression of the offspring on mothers was 0.29, and the coefficient of genetic prediction was 0.24. These results indicated that it would be possible to improve the decay resistance of P. sylvestris heartwood by direct selection. According to the genetic correlation (r[sub A] = 0.36), selecting for heartwood density would result in an unfavourable response in weight loss caused by C. puteana. However, it appears that unknown environmental factors, which increase heartwood density, also decrease the heartwood weight loss (r[sub E] = -0.56). This result emphasizes the need for better understanding of the relationships among wood density, decay fungi, and environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of white striping (WS), wooden breast (WB), and WS combined with WS/WB muscle abnormalities in broilers (Ross 500) at different slaughter ages (34, 41, and 48 d). In addition, the influence of these muscle abnormalities at different slaughter ages on quality characteristics (physical dimensions, pH, color index, and chemical composition) was studied. Overall occurrence of muscle abnormalities was 45%, 92%, and 100% at slaughter ages of 34, 41, and 48 d, respectively. It was found that about 39% from the occurrence of muscle abnormalities was not similar in the same bird (left and right fillets). Breast fillets affected by muscle abnormalities had significantly (p<0.05) higher weight than normal fillets. At slaughter age of 34 d, normal fillets had significantly higher L* (67.37 vs. 61.73 and 63.05, p<0.05), lower a* (3.25 vs. 4.87 and 5.18, p<0.05) and b* (4.02 vs. 5.20 and 5.99, p<0.05) than WS and WS combined with WB fillets; respectively. The changes in chemical composition due to muscle abnormalities were more significant at high slaughter age than at low slaughter age. In conclusion, the occurrence of muscle abnormalities was strongly influenced by slaughter age. Moreover, breast fillets affected by muscle abnormalities had different quality characteristics (proximate composition, color traits, and dimensions) in comparison to normal fillets., Competing Interests: The authors declare no potential conflict of interest., (© Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources.)

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies (IOWFBs) constitute a relatively rare ocular trauma, which occupy a special type of intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs). Data regarding IOWFBs must be obtained from case reports or small case series due to their rarity. Here, we reported 5 cases of IOWFBs and reviewed the related literatures, which could provide comprehensive information regarding the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of IOWFBs. Combined with the published literature, a total of 51 independent cases were counted after we added 5 cases. Among them, the number of male and female patients was 35 and 16 respectively; the mean age was 27.3±18.2 (range 1-66)y. Obviously, the disorder seemed to occur mainly in young and middle-aged people. Because of the diversity in the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of IOWFBs, misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis often occur during the initial visit. Delayed diagnosis may lead to a high risk of orbital infection caused by IOWFBs. Surgery is the treatment of choice for most patients; however, the missed diagnosis and residue of foreign bodies after previous surgery cannot be ignored. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is governed by the detailed trauma history, careful ocular examination, close observation of clinical manifestations, correct imaging diagnosis [ e.g. , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT)], and timely and completely elimination of IOWFBs., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Industrial hardwood laminated billets and mats were proposed, manufactured, and tested. The raw material for the mats was structural composite lumber billets manufactured from sweetgum and mixed hardwood lumber. Each mat consisted of three bolt-laminated billets. Both billets and mats were tested in third-point bending across a 1.87-m span. The span-to-depth ratio was 21. Results showed that bolt laminating contributes significantly to mechanical performance as compared to that of individual billets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Both termites and decay fungi use wood as a food source. Termites and decay cause major damage and inflict significant costs on human societies around the world. Currently, power pole testing techniques either involve a subjective evaluation, based on the sound that the pole makes when it is hit by a heavy hammer, or observing wood shaving from holes that are drilled into the core of the pole itself. Drilling is destructive and compromises any protection from wood preservative treatments, allowing termites or decay fungi to enter the pole. This project developed a simple, objective measurement technique, which is based on the transmission of very low power microwave energy through the wood. Two versions of the system were developed, and both could easily distinguish between sound hardwood poles and those which were compromised by decay and termite attack, without compromising the pole's integrity in any way. These will be of enormous benefit to the power utility industry. Wooden power poles and their ongoing inspection represent a significant investment for most electrical power utilities. This study explored the potential for using microwave fields to non-invasively assess the state of hardwood power poles in a field experiment. Two strategies were assessed: 2.4 GHz microwave field transmission through the pole; and mutual coupling between antennae using a 10.525 GHz radar module applied to the surface of the pole. Both systems distinguished between sound hardwood poles and those which were compromised by decay and subterranean termite attack and infestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diving into lakes and ponds is a common activity of rural children. We present two cases of penetrating orbital injuries from plant matter sustained in this manner. Such injuries pose a particular challenge because wooden foreign bodies are often missed during orbital exploration, and current imaging modalities cannot reliably identify retained organic material. When a patient presents with orbital penetration after a high-risk mechanism of injury, such as freshwater diving, the clinician must maintain a very high index of suspicion for retained wooden foreign body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]