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19 results on '"van Gaalen, Steven M."'

3. Fracture fixation in the operative management of hip fractures (FAITH): an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Author

Nauth, Aaron, Creek, Aaron T., Zellar, Abby, Lawendy, Abdel-Rahman, Dowrick, Adam, Gupta, Ajay, Dadi, Akhil, van Kampen, Albert, Yee, Albert, de Vries, Alexander C., de Mol van Otterloo, Alexander, Garibaldi, Alisha, Liew, Allen, McIntyre, Allison W., Prasad, Amal Shankar, Romero, Amanda W., Rangan, Amar, Oatt, Amber, Sanghavi, Amir, Foley, Amy L., Karlsten, Anders, Dolenc, Andrea, Bucknill, Andrew, Chia, Andrew, Evans, Andrew, Gong, Andrew, Schmidt, Andrew H., Marcantonio, Andrew J., Jennings, Andrew, Ward, Angela, Khanna, Angshuman, Rai, Anil, Smits, Anke B., Horan, Annamarie D., Brekke, Anne Christine, Flynn, Annette, Duraikannan, Aravin, Stødle, Are, van Vugt, Arie B., Luther, Arlene, Zurcher, Arthur W., Jain, Arvind, Amundsen, Asgeir, Moaveni, Ash, Carr, Ashley, Sharma, Ateet, Hill, Austin D., Trommer, Axel, Rai, B. Sachidananda, Hileman, Barbara, Schreurs, Bart, Verhoeven, Bart, Barden, Benjamin B., Flatøy, Bernhard, Cleffken, Berry I., Bøe, Berthe, Perey, Bertrand, Hanusch, Birgit C., Weening, Brad, Fioole, Bram, Rijbroek, Bram, Crist, Brett D., Halliday, Brett, Peterson, Brett, Mullis, Brian, Richardson, C. Glen, Clark, Callum, Sagebien, Carlos A., van der Pol, Carmen C., Bowler, Carol, Humphrey, Catherine A., Coady, Catherine, Koppert, Cees L., Coles, Chad, Tannoury, Chadi, DePaolo, Charles J., Gayton, Chris, Herriott, Chris, Reeves, Christina, Tieszer, Christina, Dobb, Christine, Anderson, Christopher G., Sage, Claire, Cuento, Claudine, Jones, Clifford B., Bosman, Coks H.R., Linehan, Colleen, van der Hart, Cor P., Henderson, Corey, Lewis, Courtland G., Davis, Craig A., Donohue, Craig, Mauffrey, Cyril, Sundaresh, D.C., Farrell, Dana J., Whelan, Daniel B., Horwitz, Daniel, Stinner, Daniel, Viskontas, Darius, Roffey, Darren M., Alexander, David, Karges, David E., Hak, David, Johnston, David, Love, David, Wright, David M., Zamorano, David P., Goetz, David R., Sanders, David, Stephen, David, Yen, David, Bardana, Davide, Olakkengil, Davy J, Lawson, Deanna, Maddock, Deborah, Sietsema, Debra L., Pourmand, Deeba, Den Hartog, Dennis, Donegan, Derek, Heels-Ansdell, Diane, Nam, Diane, Inman, Dominic, Boyer, Dory, Li, Doug, Gibula, Douglas, Price, Dustin M., Watson, Dylan J., Hammerberg, E. Mark, Tan, Edward T.C.H., de Graaf, Eelco J.R., Vesterhus, Elise Berg, Roper, Elizabeth, Edwards, Elton, Schemitsch, Emil H., Hammacher, Eric R., Henderson, Eric R., Whatley, Erica, Torres, Erick T., Vermeulen, Erik G.J., Finn, Erin, Van Lieshout, Esther M.M., Wai, Eugene K., Bannister, Evan R., Kile, Evelyn, Theunissen, Evert B.M., Ritchie, Ewan D., Khan, Farah, Moola, Farhad, Howells, Fiona, de Nies, Frank, van der Heijden, Frank H.W.M., de Meulemeester, Frank R.A.J., Frihagen, Frede, Nilsen, Fredrik, Schmidt, G. Ben, Albers, G.H. Robert, Gudger, Garland K., Jr, Johnson, Garth, Gruen, Gary, Zohman, Gary, Sharma, Gaurav, Wood, Gavin, Tetteroo, Geert W.M., Hjorthaug, Geir, Jomaas, Geir, Donald, Geoff, Rieser, Geoffrey Ryan, Reardon, Gerald, Slobogean, Gerard P., Roukema, Gert R, Visser, Gijs A., Moatshe, Gilbert, Horner, Gillian, Rose, Glynis, Guyatt, Gordon, Chuter, Graham, Etherington, Greg, Rocca, Gregory J. Della, Ekås, Guri, Dobbin, Gwendolyn, Lemke, H. Michael, Curry, Hamish, Boxma, Han, Gissel, Hannah, Kreder, Hans, Kuiken, Hans, Brom, Hans L.F., Pape, Hans-Christoph, van der Vis, Harm M, Bedi, Harvinder, Vallier, Heather A., Brien, Heather, Silva, Heather, Newman, Heike, Viveiros, Helena, van der Hoeven, Henk, Ahn, Henry, Johal, Herman, Rijna, Herman, Stockmann, Heyn, Josaputra, Hong A., Carlisle, Hope, van der Brand, Igor, Dawson, Imro, Tarkin, Ivan, Wong, Ivan, Parr, J. Andrew, Trenholm, J. Andrew, Goslings, J. Carel, Amirault, J. David, Broderick, J. Scott, Snellen, Jaap P., Zijl, Jacco A.C., Ahn, Jaimo, Ficke, James, Irrgang, James, Powell, James, Ringler, James R., Shaer, James, Monica, James T., Biert, Jan, Bosma, Jan, Brattgjerd, Jan Egil, Frölke, Jan Paul M., Wille, Jan, Rajakumar, Janakiraman, Walker, Jane E., Baker, Janell K., Ertl, Janos P., de Vries, Jean Paul P.M., Gardeniers, Jean W.M., May, Jedediah, Yach, Jeff, Hidy, Jennifer T., Westberg, Jerald R., Hall, Jeremy A., van Mulken, Jeroen, McBeth, Jessica Cooper, Hoogendoorn, Jochem, Hoffman, Jodi M., Cherian, Joe Joseph, Tanksley, John A., Jr., Clarke-Jenssen, John, Adams, John D., Esterhai, John, Tilzey, John F., Murnaghan, John, Ketz, John P., Garfi, John S., Schwappach, John, Gorczyca, John T., Wyrick, John, Rydinge, Jonas, Foret, Jonathan L., Gross, Jonathan M., Keeve, Jonathan P., Meijer, Joost, Scheepers, Joris J.G., Baele, Joseph, O'Neil, Joseph, Cass, Joseph R., Hsu, Joseph R., Dumais, Jules, Lee, Julia, Switzer, Julie A., Agel, Julie, Richards, Justin E., Langan, Justin W., Turckan, Kahn, Pecorella, Kaili, Rai, Kamal, Aurang, Kamran, Shively, Karl, van Wessem, Karlijn, Moon, Karyn, Eke, Kate, Erwin, Katie, Milner, Katrine, Ponsen, Kees Jan, Mills, Kelli, Apostle, Kelly, Johnston, Kelly, Trask, Kelly, Strohecker, Kent, Stringfellow, Kenya, Kruse, Kevin K., III, Tetsworth, Kevin, Mitchell, Khalis, Browner, Kieran, Hemlock, Kim, Carcary, Kimberly, Jørgen Haug, Knut, Noble, Krista, Robbins, Kristin, Payton, Krystal, Jeray, Kyle J., Rubino, L. Joseph, Nastoff, Lauren A., Leffler, Lauren C., Stassen, Laurents P.S., O'Malley, Lawrence K., II, Specht, Lawrence M., Thabane, Lehana, Geeraedts, Leo M.G., Shell, Leslie E., Anderson, Linda K., Eickhoff, Linda S., Lyle, Lindsey, Pilling, Lindsey, Buckingham, Lisa, Cannada, Lisa K., Wild, Lisa M., Dulaney-Cripe, Liz, Poelhekke, Lodewijk M.S.J., Govaert, Lonneke, Ton, Lu, Kottam, Lucksy, Leenen, Luke P.H., Clipper, Lydia, Jackson, Lyle T., Hampton, Lynne, de Waal Malefijt, Maarten C., Simons, Maarten P., van der Elst, Maarten, Bronkhorst, Maarten W.G.A., Bhatia, Mahesh, Swiontkowski, Marc, Lobo, Margaret J., Swinton, Marilyn, Pirpiris, Marinis, Molund, Marius, Gichuru, Mark, Glazebrook, Mark, Harrison, Mark, Jenkins, Mark, MacLeod, Mark, de Vries, Mark R., Butler, Mark S., Nousiainen, Markku, van 't Riet, Martijne, Tynan, Martin C., Campo, Martin, Eversdijk, Martin G., Heetveld, Martin J., Richardson, Martin, Breslin, Mary, Fan, Mary, Edison, Matt, Napierala, Matthew, Knobe, Matthias, Russ, Matthias, Zomar, Mauri, de Brauw, Maurits, Esser, Max, Hurley, Meghan, Peters, Melissa E., Lorenzo, Melissa, Li, Mengnai, Archdeacon, Michael, Biddulph, Michael, Charlton, Michael, McDonald, Michael D., McKee, Michael D., Dunbar, Michael, Torchia, Michael E., Gross, Michael, Hewitt, Michael, Holt, Michael, Prayson, Michael J., Edwards, Michael J.R., Beckish, Michael L., Brennan, Michael L., Dohm, Michael P., Kain, Michael S.H., Vogt, Michelle, Yu, Michelle, Verhofstad, Michiel H.J., Segers, Michiel J.M., Siroen, Michiel P.C., Reed, Mike, Vicente, Milena R., Bruijninckx, Milko M.M., Trivedi, Mittal, Bhandari, Mohit, Moore, Molly M., Kunz, Monica, Smedsrud, Morten, Palla, Naveen, Jain, Neeraj, Out, Nico J.M., Simunovic, Nicole, Schep, Niels W.L., Müller, Oliver, Guicherit, Onno R., Van Waes, Oscar J.F., Wang, Otis, Doornebosch, Pascal G., Seuffert, Patricia, Hesketh, Patrick J., Weinrauch, Patrick, Duffy, Paul, Keller, Paul, Lafferty, Paul M., Pincus, Paul, Tornetta, Paul, III, Zalzal, Paul, McKay, Paula, Cole, Peter A., de Rooij, Peter D., Hull, Peter, Go, Peter M.N.Y.M., Patka, Peter, Siska, Peter, Weingarten, Peter, Kregor, Philip, Stahel, Philip, Stull, Philip, Wittich, Philippe, de Rijcke, Piet A.R., Oprel, Pim, Devereaux, PJ, Zhou, Qi, Lee Murphy, R., Jr., Alosky, Rachel, Clarkson, Rachel, Moon, Raely, Logishetty, Rajanikanth, Nanda, Rajesh, Sullivan, Raymond J., Snider, Rebecca G., Buckley, Richard E., Iorio, Richard, Farrugia, Richard J, Jenkinson, Richard, Laughlin, Richard, Groenendijk, Richard P.R., Gurich, Richard W., Jr, Worman, Ripley, Silvis, Rob, Haverlag, Robert, Teasdall, Robert J., Korley, Robert, McCormack, Robert, Probe, Robert, Cantu, Robert V., Huff, Roger B., Simmermacher, Rogier K.J., Peters, Rolf, Pfeifer, Roman, Liem, Ronald, Wessel, Ronald N., Verhagen, Ronald, Vuylsteke, Ronald, Leighton, Ross, McKercher, Ross, Poolman, Rudolf W., Miller, Russell, Bicknell, Ryan, Finnan, Ryan, Khan, Ryan M., Mehta, Samir, Vang, Sandy, Singh, Sanjay, Anand, Sanjeev, Anderson, Sarah A., Dawson, Sarah A., Marston, Scott B., Porter, Scott E., Watson, Scott T., Festen, Sebastiaan, Lieberman, Shane, Puloski, Shannon, Bielby, Shea A., Sprague, Sheila, Hess, Shelley, MacDonald, Shelley, Evans, Simone, Bzovsky, Sofia, Hasselund, Sondre, Lewis, Sophie, Ugland, Stein, Caminiti, Stephanie, Tanner, Stephanie L., Zielinski, Stephanie M., Shepard, Stephanie, Sems, Stephen A., Walter, Stephen D., Doig, Stephen, Finley, Stephen H., Kates, Stephen, Lindenbaum, Stephen, Kingwell, Stephen P., Csongvay, Steve, Papp, Steve, Buijk, Steven E., Rhemrev, Steven J., Hollenbeck, Steven M., van Gaalen, Steven M., Yang, Steven, Weinerman, Stuart, Subash, Lambert, Sue, Liew, Susan, Meylaerts, Sven A.G., Blokhuis, Taco J., de Vries Reilingh, Tammo S., Lona, Tarjei, Scott, Taryn, Swenson, Teresa K., Endres, Terrence J., Axelrod, Terry, van Egmond, Teun, Pace, Thomas B., Kibsgård, Thomas, Schaller, Thomas M., Ly, Thuan V., Miller, Timothy J., Weber, Timothy, Le, Toan, Oliver, Todd M., Karsten, Tom M., Borch, Tor, Hoseth, Tor Magne, Nicolaisen, Tor, Ianssen, Torben, Rutherford, Tori, Nanney, Tracy, Gervais, Trevor, Stone, Trevor, Schrickel, Tyson, Scrabeck, Tyson, Ganguly, Utsav, Naumetz, V., Frizzell, Valda, Wadey, Veronica, Jones, Vicki, Avram, Victoria, Mishra, Vimlesh, Yadav, Vineet, Arora, Vinod, Tyagi, Vivek, Borsella, Vivian, Willems, W. Jaap, Hoffman, W.H., Gofton, Wade T., Lackey, Wesley G., Ghent, Wesley, Obremskey, William, Oxner, William, Cross, William W., III, Murtha, Yvonne M., and Murdoch, Zoe

Published
2017
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7. Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for Elderly Patients with a Femoral Neck Fracture

Author

Burgers, Paul T.P.W., Poolman, Rudolf W, Van Bakel, Theodorus MJ, Tuinebreijer, Wim E, Zielinski, Stephanie M, Bhandari, Mohit, Patka, Peter, Van Lieshout, Esther MM, Bhandari, Mohit, Devereaux, P J, Guyatt, Gordon H, Einhorn, Thomas A, Thabane, Lehana, Schemitsch, Emil H, Koval, Kenneth J, Frihagen, Frede, Poolman, Rudolf W, Tetsworth, Kevin, Guerra-Farfan, Ernesto, Walter, Stephen D, Sprague, Sheila, Swinton, Marilyn, Scott, Taryn, McKay, Paula, Madden, Kim, Heels-Ansdell, Diane, Buckingham, Lisa, Duraikannan, Aravin, Silva, Heather, Heetveld, Martin J, Van Lieshout, Esther MM, Burgers, Paul T.P.W., Zura, Robert D, Avram, Victoria, Manjoo, Ajay, Williams, Dale, Antoniou, John, Ramsay, Tim, Bogoch, Earl R, Trenholm, Andrew, Lyman, Stephen, Mazumdar, Madhu, Bozic, Kevin J, Luborsky, Mark, Goodman, Stuart, Muray, Susan, Korley, Rob, Buckley, Richard, Duffy, Paul, Puloski, Shannon, Carcary, Kimberly, Lorenzo, Melissa, McKee, Michael D, Hall, Jeremy A, Nauth, Aaron, Whelan, Daniel, Daniels, Timothy R, Waddell, James P, Ahn, Henry, Vicente, Milena R, Hidy, Jennifer T, MacNevin, Melanie T, Kreder, Hans, Axelrod, Terry, Jenkinson, Richard, Nousiainen, Markku, Stephen, David, Wadey, Veronica, Kunz, Monica, Milner, Katrine, Cagaanan, Ria, MacNevin, Melanie, O’Brien, Peter J, Blachut, Piotr A, Broekhuyse, Henry M, Guy, Pierre, Lefaivre, Kelly A, Slobogean, Gerard P, Johal, Raman, Leung, Irene, Coles, Chad, Leighton, Ross, Richardson, C. Glen, Biddulph, Michael, Gross, Michael, Dunbar, Michael, Amirault, J. David, Alexander, David, Coady, Catherine, Glazebrook, Mark, Johnston, David, Oxner, William, Reardon, Gerald, Wong, Ivan, Trask, Kelly, MacDonald, Shelley, Furey, Andrew, Stone, Craig, Parsons, Minnie, Stone, Trevor, Zomar, Mauri, McCormack, Robert, Apostle, Kelly, Boyer, Dory, Moola, Farhad, Perey, Bertrand, Viskontas, Darius, Moon, Karyn, Moon, Raely, Laflamme, Yves, Benoit, Benoit, Ranger, Pierre, Malo, Michel, Fernandes, Julio, Tardif, Karine, Fournier, Julie, Vendittoli, Pascal André, Massé, Vincent, Roy, Alain G, Lavigne, Martin, Lusignan, Daniel, Davis, Craig, Stull, Philip, Weinerman, Stewart, Weingarten, Peter, Lindenbaum, Steven, Hewitt, Michael, Danielwicz, Rebecca, Baker, Janell, Mont, Michael, Delanois, Donald E, Kapadia, Bhaveen, Issa, Kimona, Mullen, Marylou, Sems, Andrew, Foreman, Barb, Parvizi, Javad, Morrison, Tiffany, Lewis, Courtland, Caminiti, Stephanie, Tornetta, Paul, III, Creevy, William R, Lespasio, Michelle J, Carlisle, Hope, Marcantonio, Andrew, Kain, Michael, Specht, Lawrence, Tilzey, John, Garfi, John, Mehta, Samir, Esterhai, John L, Jr., Ahn, Jaimo, Donegan, Derek, Horan, Annamarie, McGinnis, Kelly, Roberson, James, Bradbury, Thomas, Erens, Greg, Webb, Kyle, Mullis, Brian, Shively, Karl, Parr, Andrew, Ertl, Janos, Worman, Ripley, Webster, Mark, Cummings, Judd, Frizzell, Valda, Moore, Molly, Jones, Clifford B, Ringler, James R, Sietsema, Debra L, Walker, Jane E, Kanlic, Enes, Abdelgawad, Amr, Shunia, Juan, DePaolo, Charles, Sutherland, Susan, Alosky, Rachel, Zura, Robert, Manson, Maria, Strathy, Gregg, Peter, Kathleen, Johnson, Paul, Morton, Meaghan, Shaer, James, Schrickel, Tyson, Hileman, Barbara, Hanes, Marina, Chance, Elisha, Heinrich, E. Matthew, Dodgin, David, LaBadie, Michele, Zamorano, David, Tynan, Martin, Schwarzkopf, Ran, Scolaro, John A, Gupta, Ranjan, Bederman, Samuel, Bhatia, Nitin, Hoang, Bang, Kiester, Douglas, Jones, Neil, Rafijah, Gregory, Alavekios, Damon, Lee, Jason, Mehta, Akshay, Schroder, Steven, Chao, Tom, Colin, Vincent, Dang, Phuc (Phil), Heng, Stephen Keun, Lopez, Gregory, Galle, Samuel, Pahlavan, Sohrab, Phan, Duy L, Tapadia, Minal, Bui, Christopher, Jain, Nickul, Moore, Tyler, Moroski, Nathan, Pourmand, Deeba, Kubiak, Erik N, Gililland, Jeremy, Rothberg, David, Peters, Christopher, Pelt, Christopher, Stuart, Ami R, Corbey, Kirby, Shuler, Franklin D, Day, James, Garabekyan, Tigran, Cheung, Felix, Oliashirazi, Ali, Salava, Jonathon, Morgan, Linda, Wilson-Byrne, Timothy, Cordle, Mary Beth, Elmans, Leon H.G.J., van den Hout, Joost A.A.M., Joosten, Adrianus JP, van Beurden, Ad FA, Bolder, Stefan BT, Eygendaal, Denise, Moonen, Adrianus F.C.M., van Geenen, Rutger CI, Hoebink, Eric A, Wagenmakers, Robert, van Helden, Wouter, van Jonbergen, Hans-Peter W, Roerdink, Herbert, Reuver, Joost M, Barnaart, Alexander FW, Flikweert, Elvira R, Krips, Rover, Mullers, J. Bernard, Schüller, Hans, Falke, Mark LM, Kurek, Frans J, Slingerland, Adrianus CH, van Dijk, Jan P, van Helden, Wouter H, Bolhuis, Hugo W, Bullens, Pieter HJ, Hogervorst, Mike, de Kroon, Karin E, Jansen, Rob H, Steenstra, Ferry, Raven, Eric EJ, Fontijne, W. Peter J, Wiersma, Saskia C, Boetes, Bastiaan, ten Holder, Edgar JT, van der Heide, Huub JL, Nagels, Jochem, van der Linden-van der Zwaag, Enrike H.M.J., Keizer, Stefan B, Swen, Jan-Willem A, den Hollander, Peter HC, Thomassen, Bregje JW, Molekamp, Willem Jan Kleyn, de Meulemeester, Frank R.A.J., Kleipool, Arthur EB, Haverlag, Robert, Simons, Maarten P, Mutsaerts, Eduard L.A.R., Kooijman, Rob, Postema, Roelf R, Bleker, René J.T.M., Lampe, Harald IH, Schuman, Lein, Cheung, John, van Bommel, Frank, Winia, W. Paul, Haverkamp, Daniel, van der Vis, Harm, Nolte, Peter A, van den Bekerom, Michel PJ, de Jong, Tjitte, van Noort, Arthur, Vergroesen, Diederik A, Schutte, Bernard G, van der Vis, Harm M, Beimers, Lijkele, de Vries, Jasper, Zurcher, Arthur W, Albers, G.H. Rob, Rademakers, Maarten, Breugem, Stefan, van der Haven, Ibo, Jan Damen, Pieter, Bulstra, Gythe H, Campo, Martin M, Somford, Mathijs P, Haverkamp, Daniël, Liew, Susan, Bedi, Harvinder, Carr, Ashley, Chia, Andrew, Csongvay, Steve, Donohue, Craig, Doig, Stephen, Edwards, Elton, Esser, Max, Freeman, Richard, Gong, Andrew, Li, Doug, Miller, Russell, Ton, Lu, Wang, Otis, Young, Ian, Dowrick, Adam, Murdoch, Zoe, Sage, Claire, Page, Richard, Bainbridge, David, Angliss, Richard, Miller, Ben, Thomson, Andrew, Brown, Graeme, Williams, Simon, Eng, Kevin, Bowyer, David, Skelley, John, Goyal, Chatar, Beattie, Sally, Guerado, Enrique, Cruz, Encarnacion, Cano, Juan Ramon, Froufe, Miguel Angel, Serra, Lluis Marull, Al-dirra, Samer, Martinez, Cristina, Tarazona Santabalbina, Francisco José, Serra, Jordi Teixidor, Hernandez, Jordi Tomas, Garcia, Marc Aguilar, Garcia, Vicente Molero, Barrera, Sergi, Garrido, Miriam, Nordsletten, Lars, Clarke-Jenssen, John, Hjorthaug, Geir, Brekke, Anne Christine, Vesterhus, Elise Berg, Skaugrud, Ingunn, Tripathi, Pradeep, Katiyar, Sandesh, Shukla, Preksha, Swiontkowski, Marc, Guyatt, Gordon, Jeray, Kyle, Walter, Stephen, Viveiros, Helena, Truong, Victoria, Koo, Kaitlin, Zhou, Qi, Maddock, Deborah, Simunovic, Nicole, Agel, Julie, Zielinski, Stephanie M, Rangan, Amar, Hanusch, Birgit C, Kottam, Lucksy, Clarkson, Rachel, Della Rocca, Gregory J, Slobogean, Gerard, Katz, Jeffrey, Gillespie, Brenda, Greendale, Gail A, Hartman, Curtis, Rubin, Craig, Waddell, James, Lemke, H. Michael, Oatt, Amber, Buckley, Richard E, Korley, Robert, Johnston, Kelly, Powell, James, Sanders, David, Lawendy, Abdel, Tieszer, Christina, Murnaghan, John, Nam, Diane, Yee, Albert, Whelan, Daniel B, Wild, Lisa M, Khan, Ryan M, Coady, Cathy, Amirault, David, Richardson, Glen, Dobbin, Gwen, Bicknell, Ryan, Yach, Jeff, Bardana, Davide, Wood, Gavin, Harrison, Mark, Yen, David, Lambert, Sue, Howells, Fiona, Ward, Angela, Zalzal, Paul, Brien, Heather, Naumetz, V, Weening, Brad, Wai, Eugene K, Papp, Steve, Gofton, Wade T, Kingwell, Stephen P, Johnson, Garth, O’Neil, Joseph, Roffey, Darren M, Borsella, Vivian, Oliver, Todd M, Jones, Vicki, Endres, Terrence J, Agnew, Samuel G, Jeray, Kyle J, Broderick, J. Scott, Goetz, David R, Pace, Thomas B, Schaller, Thomas M, Porter, Scott E, Tanner, Stephanie L, Snider, Rebecca G, Nastoff, Lauren A, Bielby, Shea A, Switzer, Julie A, Cole, Peter A, Anderson, Sarah A, Lafferty, Paul M, Li, Mengnai, Ly, Thuan V, Marston, Scott B, Foley, Amy L, Vang, Sandy, Wright, David M, Marcantonio, Andrew J, Kain, Michael SH, Iorio, Richard, Specht, Lawrence M, Tilzey, John F, Lobo, Margaret J, Garfi, John S, Vallier, Heather A, Dolenc, Andrea, Robinson, Chalitha, Prayson, Michael J, Laughlin, Richard, Rubino, L. Joseph, May, Jedediah, Rieser, Geoffrey Ryan, Dulaney-Cripe, Liz, Gayton, Chris, Gorczyca, John T, Gross, Jonathan M, Humphrey, Catherine A, Kates, Stephen, Noble, Krista, McIntyre, Allison W, Pecorella, Kaili, Davis, Craig A, Lindenbaum, Stephen, Schwappach, John, Baker, Janell K, Rutherford, Tori, Newman, Heike, Lieberman, Shane, Finn, Erin, Robbins, Kristin, Hurley, Meghan, Lyle, Lindsey, Mitchell, Khalis, Browner, Kieran, Whatley, Erica, Payton, Krystal, Reeves, Christina, Cannada, Lisa K, Karges, David, Hill, Leslie, Esterhai, John, Horan, Annamarie D, Kaminski, Christine A, Kowalski, Brynn N, Keeve, Jonathan P, Anderson, Christopher G, McDonald, Michael D, Hoffman, Jodi M, Tarkin, Ivan, Siska, Peter, Gruen, Gary, Evans, Andrew, Farrell, Dana J, Irrgang, James, Luther, Arlene, Cross, William W, III, Cass, Joseph R, Sems, Stephen A, Torchia, Michael E, Scrabeck, Tyson, Jenkins, Mark, Dumais, Jules, Romero, Amanda W, Sagebien, Carlos A, Butler, Mark S, Monica, James T, Seuffert, Patricia, Hsu, Joseph R, Ficke, James, Charlton, Michael, Napierala, Matthew, Fan, Mary, Tannoury, Chadi, Archdeacon, Michael, Finnan, Ryan, Le, Toan, Wyrick, John, Hess, Shelley, Brennan, Michael L, Probe, Robert, Kile, Evelyn, Mills, Kelli, Clipper, Lydia, Yu, Michelle, Erwin, Katie, Horwitz, Daniel, Strohecker, Kent, Swenson, Teresa K, Schmidt, Andrew H, Westberg, Jerald R, Aurang, Kamran, Zohman, Gary, Peterson, Brett, Huff, Roger B, Baele, Joseph, Weber, Timothy, Edison, Matt, McBeth, Jessica, Ertl, Janos P, Parr, J. Andrew, Moore, Molly M, Tobias, Erin, Thomas, Emily, DePaolo, Charles J, Shell, Leslie E, Hampton, Lynne, Shepard, Stephanie, Nanney, Tracy, Cuento, Claudine, Cantu, Robert V, Henderson, Eric R, Eickhoff, Linda S, Hammerberg, E. Mark, Stahel, Philip, Hak, David, Mauffrey, Cyril, Gibula, Douglas, Gissel, Hannah, Henderson, Corey, Zamorano, David P, Tynan, Martin C, Lawson, Deanna, Crist, Brett D, Murtha, Yvonne M, Anderson, Linda K, Linehan, Colleen, Pilling, Lindsey, Lewis, Courtland G, Sullivan, Raymond J, Roper, Elizabeth, Obremskey, William, Kregor, Philip, Richards, Justin E, Stringfellow, Kenya, Dohm, Michael P, Zellar, Abby, Segers, Michiel JM, Zijl, Jacco AC, Verhoeven, Bart, Smits, Anke B, de Vries, Jean Paul PM, Fioole, Bram, van der Hoeven, Henk, Theunissen, Evert BM, de Vries Reilingh, Tammo S, Govaert, Lonneke, Wittich, Philippe, de Brauw, Maurits, Wille, Jan, Go, Peter M.N.Y.M., Ritchie, Ewan D, Wessel, Ronald N, Hammacher, Eric R, Visser, Gijs A, Stockmann, Heyn, Silvis, Rob, Snellen, Jaap P, Rijbroek, Bram, Scheepers, Joris JG, Vermeulen, Erik GJ, Siroen, Michiel PC, Vuylsteke, Ronald, Brom, Hans LF, Rijna, Herman, de Rijcke, Piet AR, Koppert, Cees L, Buijk, Steven E, Groenendijk, Richard PR, Dawson, Imro, Tetteroo, Geert WM, Bruijninckx, Milko MM, Doornebosch, Pascal G, de Graaf, Eelco JR, van der Elst, Maarten, van der Pol, Carmen C, van’t Riet, Martijne, Karsten, Tom M, de Vries, Mark R, Stassen, Laurents PS, Schep, Niels WL, Ben Schmidt, G, Hoffman, W H, van der Heijden, Frank H.W.M., Willems, W. Jaap, van der Hart, Cor P, Turckan, Kahn, Festen, Sebastiaan, de Nies, Frank, Out, Nico JM, Bosma, Jan, van Kampen, Albert, Biert, Jan, van Vugt, Arie B, Edwards, Michael JR, Blokhuis, Taco J, Frölke, Jan Paul M, Geeraedts, Leo MG, Gardeniers, Jean WM, Tan, Edward T.C.H., Poelhekke, Lodewijk M.S.J., de Waal Malefijt, Maarten C, Schreurs, Bart, Roukema, Gert R, Josaputra, Hong A, Keller, Paul, de Rooij, Peter D, Kuiken, Hans, Boxma, Han, Cleffken, Berry I, Liem, Ronald, Rhemrev, Steven J, Bosman, Coks HR, de Mol van Otterloo, Alexander, Hoogendoorn, Jochem, de Vries, Alexander C, Meylaerts, Sven AG, Verhofstad, Michiel HJ, Meijer, Joost, van Egmond, Teun, van der Brand, Igor, Patka, Peter, Eversdijk, Martin G, Peters, Rolf, Den Hartog, Dennis, Van Waes, Oscar JF, Oprel, Pim, Campo, Martin, Verhagen, Ronald, Albers, G.H. Robert, Simmermacher, Rogier KJ, van Mulken, Jeroen, van Wessem, Karlijn, van Gaalen, Steven M, Leenen, Luke PH, Bronkhorst, Maarten W.G.A., Guicherit, Onno R, Goslings, J. Carel, Ponsen, Kees Jan, Bhatia, Mahesh, Arora, Vinod, Tyagi, Vivek, Gupta, Ajay, Jain, Neeraj, Khan, Farah, Sharma, Ateet, Sanghavi, Amir, Trivedi, Mittal, Rai, Anil, Subash, Rai, Kamal, Yadav, Vineet, Singh, Sanjay, Prasad, Amal Shankar, Mishra, Vimlesh, Sundaresh, D C, Khanna, Angshuman, Cherian, Joe Joseph, Olakkengil, Davy J, Sharma, Gaurav, Dadi, Akhil, Palla, Naveen, Ganguly, Utsav, Rai, B. Sachidananda, Rajakumar, Janakiraman, Hull, Peter, Lewis, Sophie, Evans, Simone, Nanda, Rajesh, Logishetty, Rajanikanth, Anand, Sanjeev, Bowler, Carol, Jennings, Andrew, Chuter, Graham, Rose, Glynis, Horner, Gillian, Clark, Callum, Eke, Kate, Reed, Mike, Herriott, Chris, Dobb, Christine, Curry, Hamish, Etherington, Greg, Jain, Arvind, Moaveni, Ash, Russ, Matthias, Donald, Geoff, Weinrauch, Patrick, Pincus, Paul, Yang, Steven, Halliday, Brett, Gervais, Trevor, Holt, Michael, Flynn, Annette, Pirpiris, Marinis, Love, David, Bucknill, Andrew, Farrugia, Richard J, Ianssen, Torben, Amundsen, Asgeir, Brattgjerd, Jan Egil, Borch, Tor, Bøe, Berthe, Flatøy, Bernhard, Hasselund, Sondre, Haug, Knut Jørgen, Hemlock, Kim, Hoseth, Tor Magne, Jomaas, Geir, Kibsgård, Thomas, Lona, Tarjei, Moatshe, Gilbert, Müller, Oliver, Molund, Marius, Nicolaisen, Tor, Nilsen, Fredrik, Rydinge, Jonas, Smedsrud, Morten, Stødle, Are, Trommer, Axel, Ugland, Stein, Karlsten, Anders, Ekås, Guri, Pape, Hans-Christoph, Knobe, Matthias, and Pfeifer, Roman

Published
2015
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9. Comparison of polyetheretherketone versus silicon nitride intervertebral spinal spacers in a caprine model.

Author

Kersten, Roel F. M. R., Wu, Gang, Pouran, Behdad, van der Veen, Albert J., Weinans, Harrie H., de Gast, Arthur, Öner, F. Cumhur, and van Gaalen, Steven M.

Abstract

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is commonly used as a spinal spacer for intervertebral fusion surgery. Unfortunately, PEEK is bioinert and does not effectively osseointegrate into living bone. In contrast, comparable spacers made of silicon nitride (Si3N4) possess a surface nanostructure and chemistry that encourage appositional bone healing. This observational study was designed to compare the outcomes of these two biomaterials when implanted as spacers in an adult caprine model. Lumbar interbody fusion surgeries were performed at two adjacent levels in eight adult goats using implants of PEEK and Si3N4. At six‐months after surgery, the operative and adjacent spinal segments were extracted and measured for bone fusion, bone volume, bone‐implant contact (BIC) and soft‐tissue implant contact (SIC) ratios, and biodynamic stability. The null hypothesis was that no differences in these parameters would be apparent between the two groups. Fusion was observed in seven of eight implants in each group with greater bone formation in the Si3N4 group (52.6%) versus PEEK (27.9%; p = 0.2). There were no significant differences in BIC ratios between PEEK and Si3N4, and the biodynamic stability of the two groups was also comparable. The results suggest that Si3N4 spacers are not inferior to PEEK and they may be more effective in promoting arthrodesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 00B: 000–000, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 688–699, 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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10. Non‐equivalent Results from Different Anteversion Measurements Methods for the Evaluation of the Acetabular Cup Orientation in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Author

Snijders, Thom E, Schlösser, Tom P C, van Gaalen, Steven M, Castelein, Rene M, Weinans, Harry, and de Gast, Arthur

Subjects
TOTAL hip replacement, TELECOMMUNICATION systems, ANATOMICAL planes, EVALUATION methodology, THREE-dimensional imaging
Abstract

Objective: To determine the comparability among 10 radiographic anteversion methods for acetabular cup orientation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) found in the literature and the "gold" standard of assessing the anteversion with CT. Methods: This is a retrospective study that blindly compares 10 different conventional radiographic anteversion measurements with the "gold" standard, the measurement of anteversion on the transverse plane of the 3‐D images made with CT. The patient archiving and communications system (PACS) was systematically searched for subjects that had undergone a CT angiogram of the abdomen and lower extremities, including the pelvis, had at least one THA in situ and had undergone anterior‐posterior (AP) and cross‐lateral pelvic radiography between January 2013 and August 2016 in the Diakonessenhuis Hospital Utrecht/Zeist, a non‐academic institution. CT scans of patients (n = 16) were systematically collected. Three observers independently measured cup anteversion from radiographs, using a total of 10 different methods, and measured the "gold" standard on CT images. The outcomes of the 10 radiographic anteversion were compared in terms of linear correlation with the "gold" standard on CT images. Results: The correlations of the radiographic measured anteversions with the "gold" standard measured on CT images were 0.528 for the method of Liaw, 0.556 for Wan, 0.562 for the cross‐lateral method, 0.586 for Hassan, 0.594 for Dorr, 0.602 for Lewinnek, 0.624 for Widmer, 0.671 for the lateral CT, 0.747 for Ackland, and 0.771 for the method of Riten Pradham. Conclusion: Anteversion measurement methods represent different projectional angles of the acetabular cup in different planes around different axes. Therefore, they differ from the "gold" standard and are not interchangeable, as is shown by this study. We consider the anatomical anteversion in the transverse plane rotating around the longitudinal axis as the "gold" standard and recommend avoiding using the term anteversion for other projectional angles in different planes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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11. Lack of consensus on optimal acetabular cup orientation because of variation in assessment methods in total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review.

Author

Snijders, Thom E., Willemsen, Koen, van Gaalen, Steven M., Castelein, Rene M., Weinans, Harrie, and de Gast, Arthur

Subjects
ACETABULUM surgery, INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems, MEDICAL databases, MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems, MEDLINE, ONLINE information services, PATIENT positioning, POSTOPERATIVE care, PREOPERATIVE care, TOTAL hip replacement, SYSTEMATIC reviews, TREATMENT effectiveness
Abstract

Introduction: Dislocation is 1 of the main reasons for revision of total hip arthroplasty but dislocation rates have not changed in the past decades, compromising patients' well-being. Acetabular cup orientation plays a key role in implant stability and has been widely studied. This article investigates whether there is a consensus on optimal cup orientation, which is necessary when using a navigation system. Methods: A systematic search of the literature in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed (March 2017) to identify articles that investigated the direct relationship between cup orientation and dislocation, including a thorough evaluation of postoperative cup orientation assessment methods. Results: 28 relevant articles evaluating a direct relation between dislocation and cup orientation could not come to a consensus. The key reason is a lack of uniformity in the assessment of cup orientation. Cup orientation is assessed with different imaging modalities, different methodologies, different definitions for inclination and anteversion, several reference planes and distinct patient positions. Conclusions: All available studies lack uniformity in cup orientation assessment; therefore it is impossible to reach consensus on optimal cup orientation. Using navigation systems for placement of the cup is inevitably flawed when using different definitions in the preoperative planning, peroperative placement and postoperative evaluation. Further methodological development is required to assess cup orientation. Consequently, the postoperative assessment should be uniform, thus differentiating between anterior and posterior dislocation, use the same definitions for inclination and anteversion with the same reference plane and with the patient in the same position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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13. Edge loading does not increase wear rates of ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-polyethylene articulations.

Author

Halma, Jelle J., Señaris, Jose, Delfosse, Daniel, Lerf, Reto, Oberbach, Thomas, van Gaalen, Steven M., and de Gast, Arthur

Abstract

The mal-positioning of total hip arthroplasty components can result in edge loading conditions. Purpose of this study was to determine if the wear rate of ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-polyethylene increases under edge loading conditions. The literature was reviewed to determine which of the commonly used hip bearings is the most forgiving to implant mal-orientation. Two 28-mm ceramic-on-ceramic articulations were tested in vitro: pure alumina (PAL) ceramic versus the new alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ). Two 28-mm metal-on-polyethylene articulations were tested in vitro: conventional ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) versus highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) stabilized with vitamin E. All bearings were tested at standard and at highest possible inclination angles. Hip simulator tests were run for five million cycles based on N = 3 tests per condition. The average wear rate of ATZ-on-ATZ is 0.024 mm3/Mcycles at 45° and 0.018 mm3/Mcycles at 65°. Wear rate of PAL-on-PAL is between 0.02 and 0.03 mm3/Mcycles at 45°, as well as 65°. The wear rate of UHMWPE was 31 ± 1 mm3/Mcycles at an inclination angle of 45° and 26 ± 1 mm3/Mcycles at 80°. The wear rate of vitamin E stabilized HXLPE was 5.9 ± 0.2 mm3/Mcycles at 45° and 5.8 ± 0.2 mm3/Mcycles at 80°. Edge loading does not increase the wear rate of ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-polyethylene articulations. The newest biomaterials showed markedly lower wear rates compared with their conventional counterparts. ATZ-on-ATZ showed the lowest wear rate of all tested pairings, but the vitamin E stabilized HXLPE seems to be the most forgiving material when it comes to implant mal-orientation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B, 102B: 1627-1638, 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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14. Relating cell proliferation to in vivo bone formation in porous Ca/P scaffolds.

Author

van Gaalen, Steven M., de Bruijn, Joost D., Wilson, Clayton E., van Blitterswijk, Clemens A., Verbout, Abraham J., Alblas, Jacqueline, and Dhert, Wouter J. A.

Abstract

Most current methods for cell monitoring on 3D porous scaffolds involve end‐stage investigation of scaffolds. Repeated measurements on scaffolds, without disturbing cell vitality and proliferation, are needed to relate in vitro to in vivo data. Alamar Blue™ was used for this purpose. Two different Ca/P scaffolds were studied, using rat BMSCs with three different seeding densities [2.5 × 104 (SD1), 2.5 × 105 (SD2), 2.5 × 106 (SD3) cells]. Alamar Blue™ readings were done on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. After 7 days all 96 scaffolds (n = 16) were implanted in 16 mice for 4 weeks. Bone histomorphometry was performed. For both scaffolds, seeding efficiencies were highest with SD1 and SD2, cell proliferation was optimal in SD1, whereas SD3 resulted in an initial drop in vital cell number in the first 3 days. In vivo, upscaling from SD1 to SD2 lead to significantly more bone contact% in both scaffolds. Alamar Blue™ was shown to be a valuable tool in relating in vitro to in vivo data. Cell proliferation may differ depending on seeding density and scaffold type used. Seeding more cells may not necessarily result in more in vivo bone contact%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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15. The SNAP trial: a double blind multi-center randomized controlled trial of a silicon nitride versus a PEEK cage in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar disc disorders: study protocol.

Author

Kersten, Roel Fmr, van Gaalen, Steven M, Arts, Mark P, Roes, Kit Cb, de Gast, Arthur, Corbin, Terry P, Oner, F Cumhur, Kersten, Roel F M R, Roes, Kit C B, and Öner, F Cumhur

Subjects
*LUMBAR vertebrae surgery, *SPINAL fusion, *BIOMEDICAL materials, *HEALTH surveys, *KETONES, *LONGITUDINAL method, *MATERIALS testing, *SPINE diseases, *RESEARCH protocols, *ORTHOPEDIC implants, *POLYETHYLENE glycol, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *SILICON compounds, *SURGICAL complications, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *BLIND experiment, *SEVERITY of illness index, *PATIENT selection, *LUMBAR pain, *DISEASE complications, *EQUIPMENT & supplies
Abstract

Background: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages have been widely used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disorders, and show good clinical results. Still, complications such as subsidence and migration of the cage are frequently seen. A lack of osteointegration and fibrous tissues surrounding PEEK cages are held responsible. Ceramic implants made of silicon nitride show better biocompatible and osteoconductive qualities, and therefore are expected to lower complication rates and allow for better fusion.Purpose of this study is to show that fusion with the silicon nitride cage produces non-inferior results in outcome of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire at all follow-up time points as compared to the same procedure with PEEK cages.Methods/design: This study is designed as a double blind multi-center randomized controlled trial with repeated measures analysis. 100 patients (18-75 years) presenting with symptomatic lumbar degenerative disorders unresponsive to at least 6 months of conservative treatment are included. Patients will be randomly assigned to a PEEK cage or a silicon nitride cage, and will undergo a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw fixation. Primary outcome measure is the functional improvement measured by the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Secondary outcome parameters are the VAS leg, VAS back, SF-36, Likert scale, neurological outcome and radiographic assessment of fusion. After 1 year the fusion rate will be measured by radiograms and CT. Follow-up will be continued for 2 years. Patients and clinical observers who will perform the follow-up visits will be blinded for type of cage used during follow-up. Analyses of radiograms and CT will be performed independently by two experienced radiologists.Discussion: In this study a PEEK cage will be compared with a silicon nitride cage in the treatment of symptomatic degenerative lumbar disc disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial in which the silicon nitride cage is compared with the PEEK cage in patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar disc disorders.Trial Registration: NCT01557829. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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16. Letter to the editor regarding "Two-year results of a double-blind multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) versus silicon nitride spinal fusion cages in patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar disc disorders".

Author

Kersten RFMR, Öner FC, Arts MP, Mitroiu M, Roes KCB, de Gast A, and van Gaalen SM

Abstract

Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jss-21-6). RFMRK, MPA and SMG report that the SNAP trial was financially supported by Amedica. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Published
2021
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17. Temporary Segmental Distraction in a Dog with Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis.

Author

Willems N, Kersten RFMR, van Gaalen SM, Öner FC, Strijkers GJ, Veraa S, Beukers M, Tryfonidou MA, and Meij BP

Subjects
Animals, Constriction, Pathologic, Dogs, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration surgery, Lumbar Vertebrae, Spinal Fusion, Spinal Stenosis surgery, Treatment Outcome, Dog Diseases surgery, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration veterinary, Lumbosacral Region surgery, Pedicle Screws veterinary, Spinal Stenosis veterinary
Abstract

Objectives:  Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) is characterized by intervertebral disc degeneration and causes lower back pain in dogs. Temporary distraction in rabbit models with induced intervertebral disc degeneration showed signs of intervertebral disc repair. In the present study, we assessed safety and efficacy of temporary segmental distraction in a dog with clinical signs of DLSS., Methods:  Distraction of the lumbosacral junction by pedicle screw-rod fixation was applied in a 5-year-old Greyhound with DLSS and evaluated by radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and force plate analysis before and after distraction., Results:  Safe distraction of the lumbosacral junction was demonstrated, with improvement of clinical signs after removal of the distraction device. Signal intensity of the intervertebral disc showed no changes over time. T2 value was highest directly after removal of the distraction device but decreased by 10% of the preoperative value at 9 months of follow-up. Disc height decreased (8%) immediately after removal of the distraction device, but recovered to the initial value. A decrease in the pelvic/thoracic propulsive force during pedicle screw-rod fixation and distraction was demonstrated, which slowly increased by 4% compared with the initial value., Clinical Significance:  Temporary pedicle screw-rod fixation in combination with distraction in a dog with DLSS was safe, improved clinical signs and retained disc height at 9 months of follow-up., Competing Interests: None., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Published
2018
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18. Use of fluorochrome labels in in vivo bone tissue engineering research.

Author

van Gaalen SM, Kruyt MC, Geuze RE, de Bruijn JD, Alblas J, and Dhert WJ

Subjects
Animals, Bone Regeneration drug effects, Bone Regeneration physiology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Models, Biological, Time Factors, Bone and Bones drug effects, Bone and Bones physiology, Fluorescent Dyes adverse effects, Staining and Labeling methods, Tissue Engineering methods
Abstract

The use of fluorochromes in bone research is a widely accepted technique that dates back to the 1950s. Several pioneers, such as Harold Frost, have thoroughly investigated the potential of fluorochrome use for the study on bone formation and bone remodeling dynamics. Since the development of bone tissue engineering, a renewed interest in the benefits of fluorochrome use was perceived. Fluorochrome use in animal models makes it possible to determine the onset time and location of osteogenesis, which are the fundamental parameters in bone tissue engineering studies. There is, however, a lack of standardized procedures for using this technique. In addition, many types of fluorochromes exist and one could be confused upon selecting the appropriate type, the appropriate concentration, the route of administration, and methods of visualization. All these variables can potentially affect the outcome during fluorescence microscopy. This work aims at providing the bone tissue engineering researcher with an overview of the history, working mechanism, and the potential pitfalls in the use of fluorochromes in animal studies. Experiments using some of the more frequently used fluorochromes are explained and illustrated.

Published
2010
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19. Goat bone tissue engineering: comparing an intramuscular with a posterolateral lumbar spine location.

Author

van Gaalen SM, Dhert WJ, Kruyt MC, Yuan H, Oner FC, van Blitterswijk CA, Verbout AJ, and de Bruijn JD

Subjects
Animals, Goats, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Injections, Intramuscular, Stromal Cells cytology, Stromal Cells transplantation, Time Factors, Implants, Experimental, Lumbar Vertebrae physiology, Muscles physiology, Tissue Engineering methods
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of implant location on bone formation in goats using autologous bone marrow-derived stromal cells in porous calcium phosphate scaffolds. Intramuscular locations were compared to posterolateral spine fusion locations in eight goats. As scaffolds, we used biphasic calcium phosphate porous blocks of 5 x 5 x 5 mm. Cell-seeded implants were compared to empty controls. Bone marrow-derived stromal cells were seeded at 8 million cells per cm(3) scaffold and cultured for 1 week. The follow-up time was 12 weeks. Fluorochromes were administered intravenously at 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Ectopic implants showed 21 +/- 3.6% bone formation for the cell seeded and 2.0 +/- 3.0% for the controls (p < 0.001). Paraspinal implants, however, showed 0.10 +/- 0.13% in the cell seeded compared to 0.023 +/- 0.027% in the control group (p = 0.09). A benefit of the cells was only found in the area closest to the paraspinal muscles (p < 0.01). Bone formation in the control samples was of later onset compared to the cell-seeded implants. In conclusion, cell-based bone tissue engineering in an ectopic environment was clearly effective. Similar constructs implanted in a posterolateral spine fusion location hardly showed any effect.

Published
2010
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