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Existing definitions of the term as presented in current terminological writings are analyzed in the paper. The linguistic material is the descriptions of the notion of “term” that could be seen in the works of leading terminologists; these descriptions exemplify the importance of the notion in question and at the same time highlight the diversity in interpreting its essence. Achieving the goal of the analysis - which is to reveal the reasons why the term is still being treated in such an ambiguous way and define the substantial features of this notion - promotes explicitness in the interpretation of the term and its usage in a universally recognized way. The result of the undertaken study achieved on the basis of comparative, diachronic, and contrastive approaches is working out the comprehensive definition of the troublesome notion “term” that could be treated as its main one. The theoretical significance of the research is finding out the most common features of the term as the basic notion of terminology studies. The results of the study further expand the ideas regarding the notion of the term that exist in current terminological theory and are believed to put an end to the unproductive multiplying of its definitions. The practical value of the study is viewed as using its materials and results in practical activities of scientists who work in the sphere of theoretical and applied terminology as well as educationists who teach general and special linguistics, terminology studies, lexicology, and anthropological linguistics.

This article discusses features of the implementation of linguistic norms in international treaties.The proposed study has a purpose to identify linguistic means present in international document texts, i.e. treaties that are to fix the agreement that parties achieve with a view to establishing relations and regulating them in future. The research material is 1000 texts of international treaties. The total amount of factual material analyzed is over 6000 pages. Our methodology is based on the works by domestic and foreign authors on general theory of speech activity, laws of perception and understanding of speech, and the peculiarities of the generation of a statement, translation theory, and international law. One of the most important means of expressing information in a text is its lexical composition. International treaties texts comprise different types of vocabulary (common, terminological, specialized, etc.) that performs text- and style forming functions. From the point of view of grammar, compiling international treaties involves using particular grammatical forms and categories, syntactic structures and types of phrases. The essence of international treaties texts implies the presence of special clichs of a business style. In the preparation and editing of international treaties, the adequate use of appropriate vocabulary and grammatical means leads to a reduction of ambiguities and discrepancies in the texts of these documents.

The article discusses specific aspects of medical research texts. The author argues that academicity is one of the basic properties of research medical texts and analyses the way it is manifested in Russian research papers of the medical corpus. The study involves full-text medical articles published in the peer-reviewed scientific and practical journal “Bulletin of Siberian Medicine”, which is included in international databases. The coefficient of lexical diversity, lexical, grammatical and stylistic means of academicity manifestation are the main parameters for the study. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that Russian-language texts are characterized by a higher coefficient of lexical diversity and contain more unique lexemes than texts of the English-language corpus. Special attention is paid to the use of first-person pronouns: their number is relatively low, which indicates that the researchers’ position is not actively expressed in the papers. Other aspects that are considered to be manifestations of the academic style in the texts of the Russian-speaking authors are as follows: the use of a significant number of adjectives and international character of the texts, which is due to the presence of a large number of cognate words. In general, it is noted that academic style is manifested at all levels of text organization. The study has important applied value, since the knowledge of the properties of the academic style will help healthcare professionals to create high-quality articles for presentation of the results of their research.

The article presents an investigation of the special vocabulary of German origin in Jan Hajšman's "Plzeňsko-český slovník" (2017) for lexical, phonetic and morphological features of diatopic varieties of German. Based on a variety-linguistic analysis and categorization conclusions are drawn about the German urban city dialect spoken in Pilsen until 1945 on which there have been no data available so far. At the same time, Hajšman's lexicographical documentation will be classified not only among other contemporary attempts to popularize the Pilsen colloquial language but also among similar tendencies of medial revival of (historical) city languages with German proportions that can be observed in Czech cities at former language borders (Brno, Ostrava) forming a linguistic memorial landscape.

The article presents an investigation of the special vocabulary of German origin in Jan Hajšman's “Plzeňsko-český slovník" (2017) for lexical, phonetic and morphological features of diatopic varieties of German. Based on a variety-linguistic analysis and categorization conclusions are drawn about the German urban city dialect spoken in Pilsen until 1945 on which there have been no data available so far. At the same time, Hajšman's lexicographical documentation will be classified not only among other contemporary attempts to popularize the Pilsen colloquial language but also among similar tendencies of medial revival of (historical) city languages with German proportions that can be observed in Czech cities at former language borders (Brno, Ostrava) forming a linguistic memorial landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents examples of special-purpose banking language items which illustrate word formation processes in present-day Russian used in the sphere of banking in order to compress meaning, i.e. univerbation as well as abbreviation. As a rule, these particular phenomena are considered one of the manifestations of the principle of linguistic economy. The orientation towards linguistic economy provides a stimulus for multiplying the number of new lexical items in banking language, which can be related to technical terms and professional slang. The productivity of word formation processes used in order to compress meaning can also be linked to the needs of adjusting written and oral communication to the world standards in the sphere of Russian banking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]