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En un suelo derivado de cenizas volcánicas bien drenado y de alta fertilidad del municipio Ansermanuevo (zona cafetera de Colombia), en el cultivo de lulo (Solanum quitoense x S. hirtum) se evaluaron tres fuentes orgánicas tipo bocashi, provenientes de los procesos de fermentación de pulpa de café, lombricompuesto y gallinaza y un tratamiento con fertilizante químico (10-30-10) más un testigo absoluto sin aplicación de fertilizantes. Se empleó un diseño experimental en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, cada repetición estuvo constituida por 58 plantas. Las aplicaciones de materiales orgánicos mejoraron las características del suelo, estabilizando el pH, aumentando la capacidad de intercambio catiónico y la materia orgánica. En términos generales, el tratamiento de mejor desempeño fue el bocashi de gallinaza, con un promedio de cuajamiento de fruto de 38.3% y un mayor rendimiento (4.7 t/ha). Los bocashis de lombricompuesto y pulpa de café no fueron estadísticamente diferentes al tratamiento químico y todos los tratamientos fueron distintos (P < 0.05) al testigo, lo que demuestra la buena respuesta del cultivo de lulo a las aplicaciones de fuentes orgánicas.In this study four fertilization treatments in lulo crop (Solanum quitoense x S.hirtum) were evaluated, three organic with several manure sources like coffee skin , earthworm residues and chicken manure, and a four treatment consisted of inorganic fertilizer with a composition of 10-30-30 ( N,P,K) and a control without fertilizer applications. A complete block random design with three replications was used and each replication with 58 plants. The organic fertilization increase the soil pH, cation exchange capacity and soil organic matter. The best treatment was the aerobic fermented, based on chicken manure with a fruit yield average of 4731 kg .ha-1, the rest of the organic treatments did no showed statistical differences with the inorganic fertilization and all were statistical different with the control without fertilizer applications, which showed a good crop response to the organic applications.

Abstract: A study to evaluate the changes in the fertility of Fluvisols under continuous cultivation of sugarcane was conducted in the vicinity of the Santa Rosalía sugar refinery. About 4000ha of Fluvisols have been under sugarcane cultivation for more than 30 years. Three representative plots under monoculture for 5, 10, 20 and 30 years, were selected under on-farm conditions. Several samples were obtained from crop row and inter-row zones, at 0–30cm soil depth, and composited into four samples for each plot. Soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic matter, total organic C, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, cation exchange capacity, texture and bulk density. There were significant changes in the soil chemical properties due to 30 years of monoculture, except for OM, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and CEC. Total soil organic C, total N and P declined by 17, 21 and 37%, respectively, by 30 years of monoculture of sugarcane. These losses mainly occurred during the first 20 years of cultivation. However, the adverse effect of decline in soil fertility was not reflected in the sugarcane yields. The 67% increase in yields observed between 5 and 30 years of monoculture may be attributed to the adoption of recommended cultural practices and to farmer''s experience. Soil physical properties were not affected by the intensive sugarcane cultivation. A complete adoption of recommended practices by SR among farmers and a revision of the N and P fertilization rate are necessary to maintain the fertility of sugarcane soils. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]