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Abstract The purpose of this research is to provide a model of factors affecting smart governance in the country. The research method is applicable in terms of purpose, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of its implementation, and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 28 university experts familiar with the subject, who were selected in a non-probability and judgmental manner. The statistical population in the quantitative part includes all the managers and experts working in South Khorasan governorate and Birjand city governorate of planning administration equal to 420 people, and the sample number was selected using Cochran's formula of 200 people. The sampling method in this section was done in a random stratified manner. A semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative section were used to collect information. In the qualitative part, the fuzzy Delphi method was used, and the data from the interviews were coded and analyzed in the three main stages of open coding; axial coding; and selective coding, and SmartPLS 3 software was used in the quantitative part of factor analysis, and SPSS 22 software was used for analysis. The results of the research in the qualitative part showed that three categories of background factors (equipment and infrastructure, required resources, information and communication technology, statistics and intelligent information, and formation platform), content (cyber security, strategy formulation, intelligent management and intelligent planning) and Structural (smart readiness, smart architecture, and smart administration) are effective on the formation of smart governance in the country. The results of the quantitative section showed that the model is of good quality. Extended Abstract Introduction The evolution of human knowledge shows that along with the change in the nature and form of the problems facing mankind, the knowledge packages suitable for the management of such problems have also undergone evolution. One of the important human knowledge that plays an important role in the survival and health of societies is the knowledge of governance and management of public affairs. Therefore, political systems should choose their appropriate style of governance according to the social, political, economic and cultural environment governing the society (Hoseini et al, 2022). One of the most important opportunities that information technology presents to statesmen and managers is increasing accessibility, strengthening efficiency and re-engineering the architecture of the government and the possibility of making it more responsive. The use of information technology in the governance process has led to the emergence of a reality called "smart governance" which is a prerequisite for governing information societies (Mohammadi et al, 2021). Smart governance is about relationships between private, public, economic and social stakeholders and focuses on citizen participation (Lopes & Oliveira, 2017). This style of governance is based on a transparent management system that allows citizens to participate in the planning and decision-making process in terms of the development of their communities, and ensure free access to information (Penaska & Velas, 2019). Smart governance uses information and communication technology to improve democratic processes and public services (e-government), support and facilitate planning and decision-making (Camero & Alba, 2019). Based on this, the researcher of the present study intends to answer the main question: what model of effective factors is suitable for smart governance in the country? Theoretical framework Smart governance Smart governance refers to the intelligent use of information and communication technology to improve decision-making through better collaboration between different stakeholders, including government and citizens. In this case, tools based on information and communication technology, such as social media and the openness of the political space, can be factors that increase citizen interaction and support the development of new governance models for the smart government. Smart governance may also play an important role in smart city initiatives that require complex interactions between governments, citizens, and other stakeholders (Nasri & Tabarzad, 2020). Smart governance is a style of management that is formed based on the intelligent participation of citizens through information and communication technology. This new form of governance transforms citizens from passive consumers of city services to active actors who can comment on the type of services they need (Mohammadi Dehchshme & Moradi, 2021). In other words, this type of governance is based on a transparent management system. This should allow citizens to participate in the planning and decision-making process in terms of city development and ensure free access to information (Penaska & Velas, 2019). Research background Chegni & Koshtar Haranki (2022), examined "smart (knowledge-based) governance relying on the development model (functions of thinker boards)", to explain the concept of thinker board as a strategic and influential institution on the country's decision-making and policy making process and drawing and presenting a local and ecologically compatible model of governance in Iran from this strategic institution. The findings of this research showed that the Islamic Republic's thinker boards at the macro level can help to make the country's governance system smarter and knowledge-based, and in addition to the common functions; it can have functions such as the governing body, guiding and directing the country's macro policies, protection and supervision, explaining the basics, concepts and theoretical frameworks, discourse maker, observation and production of thought, strength of the internal structure of power, socialization and grounding of modern Islamic civilization, use of popular participation and mobilization in the matter of political research and decision making and consultation and problem solving. Hamghadam et al, (2022) investigated "presenting future scenarios of smart urban governance (case study: Rasht city)". The results of the analysis showed that the appropriate foundation scenarios in the field of citizenship education and raising awareness, popular participation and citizenship and private sector participation, making arrangements to increase the budget in the field of smartness, and municipal support of the smart government have the most adaptive value in the future of smart urban governance of the city of Rasht. Research methodology The current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of its implementation, and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection. The statistical population in the quantitative part includes all the managers and experts working in South Khorasan Governorate and Birjand City Governorate of planning administration, which was identified as 420 people based on internal statistics. Also, the sampling method in this section was done in a random stratified manner. The number of samples was obtained using Cochran's formula considering that the number of people in the studied society was 200. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 28 university experts familiar with the subject, who were selected in a non-probability and judgmental manner. In this research, the research strategy is of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) that after defining the topic and conducting preliminary exploratory and library studies and semi-structured interviews, the relevant factors and components are determined through the Delphi method, which is considered a qualitative research method, by a researcher-made questionnaire (including the answers of the five-choice Likert range and an open question to add possible new components) according to academic and professional experts familiar with the subject, And after receiving their qualitative and quantitative corrective opinions (prioritization of factors) based on the statistical methods of analysis, and finally, through three rounds of going back and forth of the fit of the model, components, and combination of factors reached the consensus of the elites. Research data collection tools are a) library studies (foreign and domestic books and publications, databases, internet sites, etc.); b) semi-structured interviews with academic experts and specialists in the field of governance and information technology; c) a questionnaire. In the qualitative part, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed in the first stage using three stages of open, central and selective coding; and in the quantitative part, the required data were collected through a questionnaire with closed questions, and in order to analyze them, confirmatory factor analysis test was used in SmartPLS 3 software environment. Also, SPSS 22 software environment was used to analyze the data collected in the descriptive statistics section and determine Cronbach's alpha to check the reliability of the data collection tool. Discussion and results: SPSS 22 statistical software was used for descriptive data analysis. And the structural equation test was used using SMART PLS 3 software to answer the research questions. Factor loadings are calculated by calculating the correlation value of the indicators of a structure with that structure. If this value is equal to or greater than 0.4, it confirms that the variance between the structure and its indicators is greater than the variance of the size error of that structure, and the reliability of that measurement model is acceptable. The results of the factor analysis show the desired components, since the factor loading of all the items is more than 0.4, and also the value of t statistic is more than 1.96, so the model has good validity. Conclusion: The construction of the concept of intelligent governance has played an important role in shaping the existing electronic goals in the world's information society, followed by the progress and development of different societies. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of factors affecting smart governance in the country so that by knowing smart governance and the factors affecting it, future strategies and plans can be adopted in line with the effective establishment and development of this type of governance in the country. Therefore, according to the studies conducted in this field and also, based on the analytical logic of the open system and taking into account the opinion of experts, the factors affecting smart governance were finally categorized in the form of 3 dimensions and 12 components, which in terms of prioritizing the components of the three factors, were ranked respectively; in the contextual factors section: the formation platform, equipment and infrastructure, statistics and intelligent information, information and communication technology, and required resources; in content factors section: cyber security, smart management, strategy formulation and smart planning; and in the structural factors section: smart architecture, smart administration and smart preparation. Contextual factors such as needs assessment and capacity producing, along with causal factors, provide a suitable platform for the establishment of smart governance in the country. The contextual factor of needs assessment in this research included equipment and infrastructure, required resources, information and communication technology, cyber security, statistics and intelligent information. In other words, equipment and infrastructure such as hardware, software, high-speed and secure internet, user-friendly designed websites and portals, resources such as sufficient financial and human resources, and most importantly securing this virtual space through the creation of functional ID, network security, design and the development of security laws, and finally the creation of mechanized databases in various fields and the formation of electronic statistics and information units in government organizations can help to provide a suitable platform for the establishment of smart governance in the country as effectively as possible.

This study aims to find out whether corruption in the court can be prevented with Information Technology (IT). This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach where the main data source can be processed from relevant and current literature material with the theme of this article as secondary data. Information technology is the most influential factor in changing the world today. The administration of justice is an activity that includes the provision of information, communication, and production of new information. There is no denying that information technology will affect the way justice administration works. Corruption that often occurs in courts (judicial commissions) is in the form of petty corruption, namely administrative or bureaucratic corruption with a power approach, namely the exclusive power of decision makers. The results showed that optimal use of IT can support efforts to eradicate corruption in the court by using E-Court, paperless court, E-Filing, E-Skum, E-Payment, E-Summons applications. These various applications can prevent judicial corruption due to the application of transparency principles, efficiency principles such as cost savings, reduction of illegal levies, ease of information transfer, reduction of case broker practices, reduction of opportunities for corruption due to potential conflicts of interest and face. -face-to-face, reducing gratification and bribery which are the main requirements of smart governance so that efforts to eradicate judicial corruption can be effective.

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Urbanization is one of the biggest challenges in the world today. Sixty-eight percent of the world's population will reside in cities and urban areas by 2050. Transitioning to a smart city is the key to overcoming the urbanization challenges. This study aimed to develop a smart city rating system that determines the overall smartness score of Riyadh City. A mixed method approach was used: qualitative research involved interviews, whereas quantitative analysis utilized the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to determine city smartness scores using main pillars and subfactors. The findings showed that Riyadh's smart city development is influenced by several factors. The smart economy carries a weight of 17.8% and a smartness score of 74.15%, while smart people holds a weight of 8.1% and a score of 59.79%. Culture diversity, education, and the Human Development Index emerge as the most dominant subfactors. Smart living carries a weight of 8.2% and a smartness score of 51.86%, with health and security being crucial aspects of human life. Smart governance carries a weight of 17.8% and a smartness score of 81.451%, with smart business services, transparency, open communication, and collaboration being the most important factors. Smart urban services hold a weight of 17.9% and a score of 43%, with transport, logistics, urban planning, infrastructure, smart parking, digital monitoring, and safety being the most dominant subfactors. Smart construction carries a weight of 3.9% and a smartness score of 43.83%, with sustainable houses and smart buildings being the most dominant subfactors. Smart mobility holds a weight of 18% and a smartness score of 52.34%, with congestion, accidents, transport efficiency, and a sustainable transportation system being the most dominant subfactors. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of Riyadh smart city from the current research will help developers improve and maintain areas aligned with Saudi Vision 2030 while also providing a foundation for future research on similar cities or varying factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concentrates on the question of what influence does each component of smart governance have on the effectiveness of Thailand’s smart city. The primary objective of this study is to identify the components of smart governance and examine the impact of smart governance components on the effectiveness of smart cities. This study is classified as quantitative research and was conducted through the implementation of a survey for a total of 767 residents in the cities of Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen in Thailand. In the examination of the data, we employed multivariate data techniques, specifically the methodology of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). To achieve this objective, the measurement of Transparency (TRAN), Collaboration (COL), Partnership (PAN), Participation (PAT), Communication (COM), and Accountability (ACC) was conducted to evaluate the relationships with the effectiveness of smart cities (EFF). Our study finds that the variables include Partnership, Participation, Communication. Accountability, on the other hand, has a negative relationship with Effectiveness. Nevertheless, a negative relationship can be observed between the variables Collaboration, Transparency and Effectiveness. Within the realm of research findings, we emphasize the recognition of governance factors that can assist smart city administrators in formulating public policies and implementing smart city initiatives that actively engage citizens in the pursuit of sustainable development objectives.

An increasingly common practice for policy-makers is to leverage e-participation to collect citizens’ opinions and improve their decision-making processes. This practice, however, is hindered by the large quantity of collected opinions which are often overloading and hard to value. This is referred to as information overload. As a way to mitigate this challenge for policy-makers, this article develops a prioritization framework for citizens’ ideas collected through e-participation. The framework builds on Design Science Research and is validated on a real-world case in collaboration with the European Commission. The resulting contributions are threefold. First, theoretical criteria, popularity and polarization, are developed to prioritize citizens’ proposals. Then, automated and quantitative metrics are proposed to measure these criteria. Finally, a prioritization matrix is developed to visually assess the relative priority of these citizens’ proposals.

Purpose: Drawing on the stimulus–organism–response framework, this study examined the environmental stimuli driving tourists' internal, or organismic, states. In addition, the authors investigated the association of the identified organismic variables with the response variables during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the study examined how the associations between tourists' anticipation of recovery and the national government's smart governance, on one hand, and tourists' desire to travel domestically, their attitude toward domestic travel and their willingness to exhibit prosocial behaviors, on the other, further drive the satisfaction they derive from domestic travel. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used an online questionnaire to collect self-report, single-wave data from individuals residing in India, an emerging market (N = 421). Findings: The findings demonstrate (1) the association of anticipated recovery on the desire to travel and prosocial behavior; (2) the association of smart governance on attitude (although negative); (3) the association of desire, attitude and prosocial behavior on satisfaction; and (4) the lack of any moderation effect for perceived severity. Originality/value: This study is the first empirical study to investigate the impact of tourists' perceptions and dispositions and the efficacy of the national government on tourists' desire to travel domestically and on their satisfaction with domestic travel. The findings can help emerging market multinationals and global brands engage better with domestic consumers in emerging markets within the context of the current pandemic. In addition, the findings can help to prepare these players to handle future disruptions caused by global health contingencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The concept of "smart cities" has gained recognition in the last few years because of the increasing urban population coupled with rise in the number of urban problems. Smart cities - usage of information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance the standard of living, thereby, represents a digital solution for the urban communities that aims for economic growth and sustainability. The present paper offers an overview of this innovative concept. Smart Mobility, Smart Economy, Smart People, Smart Environment, Smart Living and Smart Governance are the six pillars of a smart city. However, the article puts an emphasis on smart governance, while providing a brief description of all the other dimensions. By highlighting some of the benefits and challenges that smart governance offers to urban citizens, it presents the significance of collaboration between different stakeholders including citizens, public institutions and government officials. In conclusion, the study argues smart governance is essential for promoting good governance practices but there is a need to consider the other factors such as social inclusion and basic human rights while adopting this new method in decisionmaking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current context for the development of smart cities is affected by the economic and social uncertainties generated by the multiple crises that are manifesting themselves in the European space both through the declining geopolitical conflict and the economic recession that the European Union is going through. We aim to conduct a study on smart city vulnerabilities in the current context of uncertainty in order to identify the contribution of smart governance components to increase social welfare. We will also develop a regression model of social welfare for smart cities using empirical and econometric methods (multiple linear regression). The results of the study will highlight the level of smart city development of 10 European regions (Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden and the EU27 average) over the period 2012-2021. The results will be useful for national decision-makers to improve public policies related to smart city development in Europe.

This research pinpoints key drivers of smart governance in Prishtina, Kosovo, using a quantitative approach. A self-report survey with 1,536 respondents, selected through structured probability sampling, provided the necessary data. Principal component analysis was applied to assess the questionnaire’s internal structure, and regression analysis helped reveal smart governance predictors. Two pivotal findings emerged concerning Prishtina’s smart governance. Smart city management and smart collaboration were the most significant determinants, with the former demonstrating a slightly stronger correlation. These results underscore the role of effective city management practices and stakeholder collaboration in directing governance outcomes in smart cities. In light of this policymakers are advised to emphasize stakeholder collaboration in smart city initiatives. For Prishtina, this translates into increased cooperation, transparency, accessibility to data in management practices, and a focus on infrastructure and public services to enhance smart city governance.

Smart governance as a new stage in the development of public sector management brings many challenges to the cities of the 21st century. It opens new possibilities for how to maximize the socio-economic and ecological performance of cities and cope with negative externalities. But to achieve these benefits, it is necessary to create conditions for smart governance implementation. The paper aims to define the principles and prerequisites of smart governance development in cities theoretically and verify them in the real conditions of cities. Based on the theoretical review on smart governance paper identifies principles and prerequisites of smart governance development in cities. They are verified by research results of two sub-researches - one among the experts from academia and practices and one among the representatives of the cities in the Slovak Republic. The paper identifies also the challenges in the implementation of smart governance and the potential future research in the international context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This research pinpoints key drivers of smart governance in Prishtina, Kosovo, using a quantitative approach. A self-report survey with 1,536 respondents, selected through stratified probability sampling, provided the necessary data. Principal component analysis was applied to assess the questionnaire's internal structure, and regression analysis helped reveal smart governance predictors. Two pivotal findings emerged concerning Prishtina's smart governance. Smart city management and smart collaboration were the most significant determinants, with the former demonstrating a slightly stronger correlation. These results underscore the role of effective city management practices and stakeholder collaboration in directing governance outcomes in smart cities. In light of this, policymakers are advised to emphasize stakeholder collaboration in smart city initiatives. For Prishtina, this translates into increased cooperation, transparency, accessibility to data in management practices, and a focus on infrastructure and public services to enhance smart city governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of a smart city and a new capital city in Indonesia is complex, so planning and the government's role are crucial. The purpose of this research is based on two big questions about the government's plan for preparing for development and the potential for smart city development in the new capital city. This study was done based on the results of a direct examination of official government documents using a thematic analysis approach and an analytical tool called Nvivo 12 Plus. This research was able to show what the Indonesian government's plans are and what they could do to build smart cities in the new capital city (IKN/Nusantara). The findings of this study map out six smart city support systems, which are the government's priority plans, including urban systems, safety and security, livability and urban life, government services, the environment and sustainability, and access and mobility. They all focus on technology adaptation, digitization, renewable energy, and sustainability. Despite these priority plans, there are still significant challenges to rethinking the prospects and potential for developing smart cities in the new capital city, especially the issues of human resources, budget capacity, infrastructure, and government bureaucratic adaptation patterns. This study proposes to set up a smart governance system to adapt to the new system, primarily to accommodate those problems and challenges. It can contribute to unravelling smart cities' complexities, challenges, and future development potential.

As the Internet of Things (IoT) is considered the foundation of digital transformation in everyday life, the Industrial IoT (IIoT) is considered its business counterpart. Together with the Physical Internet (PhI), they represent the foundation of smart production and logistics as part of the new digitized Society 5.0. Smart grids of different kinds with applications, ranging from power distribution to transportation, represent the infrastructure of smart cities and communities. Like with the PhI, they rely on the acceptance and integration of their services to fully unleash their potential. Hence, apart from the open interoperability model, which enables the interoperability and operational transparency of the IoT and IIoT, consistent design and development of their diverse augmented services is crucial for their wider acceptance as well as their safe and sustainable utilization.

With the development of the information age, big data analysis has become the basis for social management and the development of new ideas for intelligent governance. In this paper, the governance process of colleges and universities is presented and stored in the form of data by simulating the content of governance through the full domain data set, and the relationship between different subjects and object features is mapped through the generalized Cartesian product. From there, various data patterns are clustered to effectively manage various types of operations’ linkage. The multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to solve the Pareto optimal solution for different governance subjects, i.e., the mutual coordination between teachers and students. The objective optimization function is established to identify the Pareto frontiers of various governance programs and emergency plans. The results show that in the driving pathway of college big data governance, the correct rate of classification of policing grid governance events in 28 colleges and universities is 0.8279 on average, which effectively improves governance efficiency. Big data governance in colleges and universities enables college governance to continuously move from decentralized to centralized, from part to whole, and to achieve accurate and efficient governance modes.

Big data analytics (BDA) enhances knowledge and decision-making. Despite its importance, the connection between technical progress and political change is neglected in the administrative process. Most studies focus on e-government, e-governance, and how technology can improve existing operations of the bureaucracy. However, this article aims to explore the potential of BDA for public policy systems and provide a linkage for the transformation toward digital and smart governance using preferred reported items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) approach to reveal the relevant documents and narrative review approach to interpret the application of BDA at each step of the public policy system. In addition, this study identifies several common public policy-related big data sources and techniques that could be used at the various stages of the public policy process. This study argues that BDA has the potential to be used for policy formulation in the four main phases—planning, design, service delivery, and evaluation. Most studies confirm its potential in the policy process for taxation, health, education, transportation, law, economy, and social system. This study reveals that it is also suitable for public policy execution stages, such as public supervision, public regulation, service delivery, and policy feedback. Previous studies have indicated that the application of BDA can transform traditional or manual governance systems into digital and smart governance. We contend that the policy cycle should be seen as a dynamic and iterative process characterized by continuous evolution. Though each step of transformation has its unique challenges in handling BDA and maintaining the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, it can ensure an accurate, prompt, and context-oriented public policy system. These insights provide a novel outlook on effectively managing the interplay between innovation and traditional approaches in the realm of public policy development. Plain Language Summary: Importance: Big data analytics (BDA) enhances knowledge and decision-making. Despite its importance, the connection between technical progress and political change is neglected in the administrative process. Most studies focus on e-government, e-governance, and how technology can improve existing operations of the bureaucracy. Aims: However, this article aims to explore the potential of BDA for public policy systems and provide a linkage for the transformation toward digital and smart governance using preferred reported items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) approach to reveal the relevant documents and narrative review approach to interpret the application of BDA at each step of the public policy system. In addition, this study identifies several common public policy-related big data sources and techniques that could be used at the various stages of the public policy process. Findings: This study argues that BDA has the potential to be used for policy formulation in the four main phases—planning, design, service delivery, and evaluation. Most studies confirm its potential in the policy process for taxation, health, education, transportation, law, economy, and social system. This study reveals that it is also suitable for public policy execution stages, such as public supervision, public regulation, service delivery, and policy feedback. Implications: Previous studies have indicated that the application of BDA can transform traditional or manual governance systems into digital and smart governance. Though each step of transformation has its unique challenges in handling BDA and maintaining the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, it can ensure an accurate, prompt, and context-oriented public policy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on institutional arrangements and policy formulation to develop a smart governance framework for integrated public service management in local governments. It also examines the challenges faced by local governments in implementing integrated public service management based on smart governance analysis. The article discusses the findings related to the smart governance institutional model, particularly in the context of the City Government of Makassar, which aims to become a smart city with smart city-based integrated public services, emphasizing smart governance as a key component. The research employs qualitative methods, gathering information and findings from existing literature. The article presents insights into the establishment of a smart governance institutional model for innovative integrated public service management in local governments, driven by the objective of achieving effective and efficient governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study explores an efficient approach to providing customized public services through a smart governance-based public service innovation model (SG-PSIM) that combines intelligent technology and co-creation. Multiple methodological approaches are applied to develop and evaluate the proposed SG-PSIM. Intelligent methodologies that can support the public service policy process are discussed, and the applicability of the SG-PSIM is demonstrated through four case studies. The study results showed that SG-PSIM can effectively collect the opinions of citizens in diverse ways and provide opportunities for citizens to actively participate in the development of public service policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The policy of the electronification of regional payment transactions (ERPT) is one of the innovations implemented by Indonesia due to the COVID-19 pandemic so as to increase the economic activity and revenue. This study is aimed at increasing the understanding of smart governance, the contactless economy, and regional income in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, and globally the new normal and the post-COVID-19 eras. This research study was carried out using the primary data obtained through questionnaires in 2021 applying the purposive sampling method and processed using the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) models. Based on the six hypotheses proposed in this study, the results show that performance expectancy, the social influence, and the facilitating condition have a positive and significant impact on the behavioral use of the noncash payment transactions of taxes and levies in North Sumatra Province. On the other hand, the effort expectancy has no significant impact on the cashless transaction of paying taxes and levies in the North Sumatra Province.

Knowledge about how marginalised citizens use urban spaces is hard to access and apply in urban planning and policy. Based on current debates around “smart cities” and “smart governance,” the City of Odense, in Denmark, has tested the integration of “smart engagement” by means of GPS-tracking techniques into the municipality’s cross-sectoral strategy for an “inclusive city.” In a period of austerity, cities have the incentive to optimise public services. Hence, GPS-tracking data was produced by 64 marginalised citizens, resulting in a data inventory covering three weeks of spatial behaviour. First, this article shows how these GPS-tracking data were processed into maps without revealing person-sensitive spatial patterns. Secondly, the article explores whether such maps and the GPS-tracking techniques that underpin them are considered valid, relevant, and applicable to urban planning from the perspectives of marginalised citizens, their representatives, and municipal planners and professionals respectively. The GPS project showed shortcomings as regards the quality of the data inventory and the representativity of the mapped behaviour, which made them inapplicable for optimising dedicated public service. However, the article also finds that the GPS-based maps succeeded in being non-person sensitive and in providing a valuable platform for citizen-centric dialogues with marginalised citizens with the potential for raising awareness and increasing knowledge about this citizen group’s living conditions and urban lives. An important derived effect of the project is that it has ensured ongoing cross-sectoral collaboration among a range of professional stakeholders, imperative for ensuring creating greater equity in urban planning.

The smart city epitomizes a new paradigm shift in urban planning, policy, and cities. Smart cities require and are powered by smart city principles to succeed, including smart technologies, smart infrastructure, and smart governance; however, they also need to engage closely with the citizens who are most affected by the deployment of the smart city and who also embrace the diverse perspectives, experiences, and opportunities of living in smart cities, i.e., smart engagement. What would be forms of collaborative democracy and inclusive citizen participation in smart city planning? To what extent can smart city planning respond and address inequality, justice, and social and digital division? How can we create community-based climate change planning with the smart? What would be a smart community platform that supports smart engagement, and how do cities around the world establish smart city policy and assess the impact on smart engagement? This thematic issue aims to answer these questions by exploring new visions, facets and methods, practices, and tools for enabling smart engagement. Drawing on research from various countries and cities across the world, the contributions bring new prospects of smart engagement and smart urbanism and illuminate how the theory, plan and policy, and practices of smart engagements are binding to the extent of citizen participation and engagement in smart cities.

The concept of a smart city is widely implemented all over the world, and this fact creates both possibilities and new challenges for all participants and stakeholders of the process. This study examines the implementation of smart governance in the context of smart cities. The goal of the research is to distinguish between the effects and externalities of the smart governance domain, both positive and negative ones; the effects and externalities are elicited from the outcomes of smart governance implementation revealed from a review of scientific publications devoted to the results, barriers, and facilitators of smart governance functioning. The publications were selected according to a systematic review methodology, then the selected articles were analyzed and the factors that foster the processes of smart governance implementation (facilitators) or vice versa hamper the acquisition of results (barriers), as well as the outcomes of smart governance, were extracted. The extracted factors were attributed to six areas: Information, Efficiency, Citizen-Centricity, Transparency, Digital Divide, and Regulation. Further, the outcomes of smart governance implementation were distinguished as effects and externalities, which were both positive and negative.

Smart city projects rely upon dynamic and complex multi-stakeholder collaboration. This collaboration can be challenging. In this study, we use an instrumental lens and argue that tools can help public professionals in dealing with smart governance challenges. Building upon smart governance and collaborative governance models, we conceptualize smart governance as a toolbox. Based on our “smart governance toolbox”, we assess the variety of tools available for professionals to initiate and support multi-stakeholder collaboration by reviewing academic and grey literature. This review results in the identification of a broad range of tools that research and practice have developed. However, we also demonstrate that certain parts of the ‘smart governance toolbox’ remain almost empty: there are few tools for assessing the smart collaborative governance context, facilitating the collaborative structure, tackling technology issues, and measuring outcomes of smart city practices. Future design research should focus on developing instruments needed to make the smart governance toolbox complete.

In smart city practice, urban policymakers show to focus foremost on the technologies sec. This often leads to quite uniform, technocratic and corporate-led ways of handling urban issues. In contrast, more attention should be paid to the question of appropriateness of smart city technologies. This entails that quite uniform urban issues in different contexts ask for distinctive approaches and as a consequence, for specific smart city technologies. In other words, the context plays a decisive role in the choice for the urban issues themselves and in the ways to ‘solve’ or govern these, and in the choice for specific smart city technologies. This study examines the role of context in the handling of urban issues with the help of smart city technologies in three smart city projects: Hangzhou City Brain (China), Singapore Smart Nation, and Amsterdam Smart City (the Netherlands). The results reveal that the specific contextual factors influence urban city developments and the application therein of smart city technologies. This includes: a technology-driven management approach to fixing Hangzhou's traffic congestion; a mixed technocratic and platform-oriented approach to effecting transformation in Singapore's government services, businesses and urban living; and a platform-oriented, open-minded mechanism to improve Amsterdam's livability and economic prosperity. This paper concludes that rather than treating the technology itself as smart, the real smartness in smart cities is to develop and implement appropriate technologies according to its local context to solve targeted urban issues.

With the growing implementation of smart city projects and the significance of the research problem related to effective design thinking, the opinion of the ordinary citizens have become very relevant and contemporary. The current paper presents a quantitative empirical study focused on the attitudes towards and the readiness to accept smart cities in the specific context of Qatar. The study employs a survey questionnaire as a data collection tool. The survey is distributed online among a sample of 40 respondents from Qatar, including both residents and non-residents of smart cities in the country. Even though the sample is not representative of the Qatari population, the present study provides preliminary findings and fundamental insights into this novel topic in a specific socio-economic context. The major findings of the study uncovered that the respondents show quite positive attitudes toward diverse aspects related to smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment, and smart living, as well as significant readiness to accept this lifestyle. However, the respondents demonstrate concerns related to the privacy and security of the people living in smart cities. The superiority of fundamental aspects of life like housing and healthcare in smart cities compared to conventional ones are also questioned by the respondents.

Renewable energy communities, first outlined in the European Directives and recently transposed into the Italian regulatory framework, are introduced as innovative entities capable of fostering cooperation between active and passive users involved in the production, sharing, and use of locally produced energy according to innovative management schemes. Renewable energy communities empower the end-customers. Citizens and legal entities are committed to a rational and economical use of energy to achieve the community’s climate neutrality goals and pursue the ecological and energy transition objectives defined in the national recovery and resilience plan. In the future, a significant number of energy communities different actors participating from the residential, industrial, commercial, and tertiary sectors are expected to develop within city districts or in suburban settings. This paper proposes and develops a methodology capable of bridging the complexity that can characterise the prototyping, implementation, and management of an energy community within a positive energy district. The approach presented here can also be extended to other application contexts in urban or rural settings. Requirements and best practices for administrative, technical, and technological management have been identified to achieve this goal. Italy is one of the first states to embed in its regulatory framework the European Directives regarding renewable energy communities. These will have a significant impact on network management models and will provide new ways for creating social inclusion that may help achieve climate sustainability goals. A governance model has been formalised for the empowerment of energy community members, outlining a framework useful for planning the proper implementation of a renewable energy community according to current Italian regulations.

This study explores how the perception of specific aspects of smart governance affects the business environment as to attract investment. To this end, we used a survey design and collected data from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Hangzhou. A total of 500 responses from different industries and companies were obtained and then empirically analyzed using ridge regression and intermediary effect models. We found that the perception of smart governance enhances investment due to strong governance and abundant business opportunities. Natural sustainability attracts investment directly because, when cities become smart, they tend to improve their sustainability and attract talent and capital inflows. This external participation has a direct impact on enterprise investment because it creates more business opportunities. An improved social credit system represents the comprehensive progress of the business environment and positively mediates smart governance and investment. This is the first study to combine the key elements of smart governance, the development stage of smart governance, and various dimensions of the business environment to analyze the influence of smart governance perceptions on commercial investments.

Objective In recent years, the concept of smart governance has gained prominence as a means to institutionalize civil society. Understanding the factors influencing smart governance is crucial for guiding smart government projects. The principles of smart governance aim to satisfy all elements of society, particularly in the face of population growth and increasing crises, motivating leaders and statesmen to embrace intelligence across all facets of society. Therefore, striving for smart urban governance is essential to mitigate and address municipal challenges effectively. Existing research has laid the foundation for developing smart cities and smart governance, but traditional governance often lacks access to sufficient information and data. Despite the availability of this information and data, there is a need to further explore how to utilize and benefit from them. This underscores the necessity for more extensive research in this field. Methods This research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing the seven-step meta-synthesis method developed by Sandelowski and Barroso. It comprehensively reviews sources related to smart governance and its associated factors, including 1,470 articles, books, and theses from reliable domestic and international sources published between 1390-1401 solar (2010-2022). Results An examination of the existing literature on smart city governance reveals that while numerous studies have been conducted, only partial dimensions and indicators of smart city governance have been addressed. No previous research has comprehensively examined all dimensions and categories of smart city governance together. This study systematically analyzes both domestic research from 1390 to 1401 and foreign research from 2010 to 2022 in order to identify the dimensions and indicators of smart urban governance. Effective components in urban governance were identified and categorized as intelligent. Following a systematic review with a meta-synthesis approach, four optional codes (social, economic, cultural, and political) and 10 core codes (service management, productivity, management and organization, leadership, legislation, support and advocacy, governance quality, participation, education, and information technology infrastructures) were extracted. Conclusion The majority of studies focus on electronic service management, information technology infrastructure, and electronic legislation, while fewer studies address the quality of electronic governance. To ensure reliability and quality control, the Kappa method was employed, resulting in an excellent level of agreement for the factors of intelligent governance. Evaluating the progress of executive actions and sub-categories related to government for the establishment of smart governance necessitates comprehensive components and subcomponents for assessment. By presenting an evaluation model of smart governance, including dimensions and categories, government-affiliated departments can enhance the effectiveness of their measures and identify areas for improvement. The integrated model of smart governance, synthesized through a meta-synthesis approach, enables governments to assess the performance of their affiliated departments while ensuring progress in establishing smart governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of ICT to optimize urban processes, activities, efficiency and effectiveness of services turns cities into smart. Smart cities make it necessary to plan, monitor and analyze the city, except for the routine functions of the city. The study examined what smart city research projects are in five representative smart cities (London, New York, Singapore, Barcelona, and Istanbul) and whether there are similarities or differences in background assumptions. The literature used has a global reach; cities around the world have been chosen for comparison. By evaluating the existing literature, it has been evaluated that smart cities are the most successful and the weakest issues. Despite the centrality of New York and London's smart city policies; they are fairly superior in economic competition. Public participation in smart city projects is already weak in Singapore and Istanbul. Barcelona has a more participatory policy than other cities, but it needs to develop a smart governance perspective. The study concludes with how the smart city ideology achieves its goals. The study adds value to smart city research by a critical look at the subject. Combining the results of practical smart city initiatives, it concludes the practicality and usefulness of smart city development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment of governance in the global arena, affected by social networks and the inevitable characteristics of the era of the network society, has undergone fundamental changes, and these changes, updating and creating transformations in the governance environment "in", "on" and "through" » It makes social networks obvious and inevitable. Therefore, the following article seeks to provide a desirable and effective model for playing an authoritative role in the future of cyber equations in the world, so that in this way it is possible to participate in the international role-making of the cyber field. In order to achieve the goal of achieving the desired model of digital governance in the era of network society, while using the method of document observation and library studies, by obtaining the methods of using other countries from this space for the expansion and development of domestic and international governance, The two approaches of "open governance" and "control governance" and the effects of each, if adopted, and how they are placed in international relations have been discussed. The results of the present study show that despite the fact that some people believe that the approach of open governance in the international arena by countries is the dominant approach, a combination of both and based on the system of societal issues has an effect on their cyber governance practices. Therefore, the ideal model of digital governance is flexible authoritarian governance based on the system of issues that should be adopted by countries in the domestic and international arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community smart governance based on technologies such as big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc., creates a broader space for development and improvement of future community in the new era and new situation, and also draws a vibrant picture for improving the effectiveness of community governance. The article takes the first top ten cases of community smart governance as the research object. Based on 169 concepts derived from the application of grounded theoretical methods, 19 initial categories are determined, and top-level design, resource construction, application scenarios, and governance efficiency as the key elements of community smart governance are extracted. Finally, by constructing a theoretical analysis framework for the key elements of community smart governance, it provides a reference basis for the smarter future community governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One way to improve Indonesia's ranking in terms of ease of conducting business is by taking a closer look at the business licensing process. This study aims to carry out an assessment using a smart governance framework and recommendation capabilities from the Enterprise System (ES). As a result, the recommendations for improvement with the expected priority are generated. The stages of this research are observing the process of making bio-business permits, followed by interviews related to several Enterprise Architecture (EA) capabilities, and providing recommendations based on the results of the maturity level of IT governance. These recommendations are then mapped into an impact—effort matrix for program prioritization. The recommendations for bio-business licenses can also be used to improve the process for other business licenses. Implementation of the EA framework has been proven to align technology, organization, and processes so that it can support continuous improvement processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart co-operative management framework aims to apply ICT to provide better services and increase management efficiency. The findings of previous studies suggest that the framework is suitable for any co-operative organization that uses information technology to improve its services, management, and governance. Therefore, this paper has applied a smart co-operative management conceptual model to a smart co-operative management framework. It is a smart co-operative management concept that complies with strategic management for responding to technological disruption. A smart co-operative management framework combines business and technology to align the concept to establish efficiency and governance in co-operative management. This paper presents a smart co-operative management framework based on the EA concept for sustainable development in co-operative management. This framework was developed through a smart co-operative conceptual model, comprehensive literature review, and requirement analysis based on the conceptual framework consisting of five layers: business, application, data and information, infrastructure and technology, and governance. Content validity was used for evaluation. This framework demonstrates that technology could enhance the co-operative sector through the layers of applications, data, and information supported by infrastructure and technology. This study shows the framework for sustainable development co-operatives in the co-operative sector. It also creates value through enterprise architecture (EA) and the smart co-operative management concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plenteous research has been undertaken on the direct effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on smart decision-making. However, little attention has been paid to contextual factors such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart governance that mediate the relationship between AI and smart decision-making. This research investigates direct, mediating, and parallel-sequential multiple mediating interactions between AI, the IoT, smart governance, and smart decision-making. We used a self-structured survey to collect cross-sectional data from citizens in the Republic of Korea, and 516 responses were examined using SmartPLS structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). A parallel-sequential multiple mediator framework is assessed using the Hayes Process Model with bootstrapping. Our results reveal a substantial and favorable multi-mediating effect from the IoT and smart governance on the relationship between AI applications and smart decision-making, as predicted. Previous scholars have investigated a few factors that influence decision-making, but our research contributes to the literature of applied and social sciences, including traditional decision theory, by examining the impact of multi-mediating factors on smart decision-making. This study presents both theoretical and practical implications for scholars and policymakers engaged in the development of smart cities. Additionally, this study provides recommendations for future research.

Smart cities have seen a growing interest among governments, researchers, and industries. Smart cities use digital technologies to enhance the quality of life for residents while promoting sustainability and efficient resource management. By integrating various technologies such as Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities can improve the delivery of public services, optimize transportation systems, reduce energy consumption, and enhance public safety, among other benefits. Smart cities focus on automating different disciplines, including smart environment, smart home, smart economy, smart mobility, and smart governance. As a result, multi-agent driven smart cities have received tremendous attention from the research community for obtaining intelligent solutions to complex problems in different disciplines by subdividing responsibilities into multiple agents and empowering agents through AI. In this regard, it is vital to explore the usage of multi-agent systems in different critical application areas of smart cities. In this paper, a detailed description of the multi-agent process for smart city application areas is provided, along with resources and future research directions. Four different application areas: smart home, smart governance, smart environment, and smart mobility are discussed in detail.

Today, the rapid growth of cities and massive migrations towards them has resulted in wide cultural diversity in urban environments, and this issue has made the local governments who are responsible for the management of cities face a serious problem, that is why the management a city in big cities will no longer be able to achieve success with the traditional and usual methods of the past in providing one-way services. For this reason, management science theorists believe that management theories and paradigms should be used to manage cities as best as possible, one of which is quantum management.The general purpose of the current research is to investigate the causal relationships between the variables of quantum management and the components of smart governance of urban culture, so the research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive in terms of the method of data collection. To achieve this goal, two methods of thematic analysis and fuzzy Delphi have been used. The practical tool for data collection was a structured and semi-structured questionnaire, and data analysis using the fuzzy Delphi method showed that among the seven skills of quantum management, quantum feeling has the least effect, while quantum existence and quantum action have the highest effect. It has an impact on the smart governance of urban culture in the management of local governments.Research MethodologySince the purpose of the research is to investigate the role of quantum management in moving towards the smart governance of urban culture; therefore, the research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of gathering information of the survey type. In the meantime, library and field methods have been used together to collect data. It is based on the field method of structured interviews and the selection of scientific and executive experts has been done using the snowball method. This method is especially used when it is difficult for the researcher to know the right people (Benis, 2004). Based on this, 16 experts were selected for interview. In this way, 9 university professors and 7 executive experts active in the field of culture and urban management were interviewed. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. In fact, no new material was recorded from the 13th interview onwards, but for more certainty, three more interviews were conducted to saturate the theory. From the point of view of data analysis, thematic analysis and fuzzy Delphi method have been used. In this way, the primary data was collected and organized using thematic analysis method, and in the next step, the data was evaluated using the fuzzy Delphi method. The fuzzy Delphi method was invented by Kaufman and Gupta in the 1980s (Cheng and Lin quoted by Jafari and Montazer, 2016). The application of this method in order to make decisions and reach consensus on issues where the goals and parameters are not clearly defined, leads to very valuable results. One of the biggest advantages of the fuzzy Delphi technique compared to the traditional Delphi technique for screening indicators is that one step can be used to summarize and screen the variables (Habibi et al., quoted by Rahdari and Nasr, 2016).ConclusionIn general, in this article, using thematic analysis and fuzzy Delphi method, and using the views of selected experts, the influence of quantum management indicators on the components of smart governance of urban culture was discussed, and finally, according to the results obtained from Among the 28 proposed indicators, 15 have had a great impact on the smart governance components of urban culture, which have received a de-fuzzified average tolerance threshold higher than 0.7, and they are:The effect of quantum operation on electronic democracyThe impact of quantum action on CI strategyThe effect of quantum presence on behavioral skillsThe effect of quantum presence on CI consciousnessThe effect of quantum existence on electronic democracyThe impact of quantum thinking on CI strategyThe effect of quantum view on the knowledge of cultural intelligenceEffect of quantum gaze on CI behavioral skillsThe effect of quantum trust on the knowledge of cultural intelligenceImpact of quantum trust on CI strategyImpact of quantum trust on public expenditure on ICT premisesand expansion of ICT and online public services and website accessThe effect of quantum thinking on the development of ICTThe effect of quantum cognition on CI consciousnessThe effect of quantum cognition on CI strategyThe effect of quantum cognition on the knowledge of cultural intelligence According to the findings, it has been concluded that among the seven quantum management skills of managers, the quantum feeling skill has less impact on the intelligent governance of urban culture in multicultural cities than the other 6 skills. This is despite the fact that quantum existence and quantum action had the highest impact on the intelligent governance of urban culture. Therefore, the growth and development of any city affected by the view of city managers with a quantum approach can lead to many developments in the field of smartening cities and moving towards smart governance of urban culture in local governments.

The trend towards an increasing role of citizens in public governance suggests that the interaction between population and the state should be refined. The paper aims to build a conceptual model of the functioning of digital participation channels in the Smart Environment. Methodologically, the study rests on the systems theory and the concept of smart governance; applies methods of systematic field coverage and structuring as well as the graphical method. To create the said model, describe its structural elements and their conceptual limitations in the smart environment the paper used the principles of domain model. The literature review exposes a growing interest to the subject under study, and proves that the tools and channels of e-Participation require improvement to ensure the quality development of digital democracy and public governance. As a result of the study, the authors construct a conceptual model as a tool for researching and optimising the channels and technologies of digital participation. Using this tool in the projects to develop information platforms for digital interaction of society and government authorities will allow perfecting their design and increasing quantity and quality of the digital participation.

Knowledge about how marginalised citizens use urban spaces is hard to access and apply in urban planning and policy. Based on current debates around "smart cities" and "smart governance," the City of Odense, in Denmark, has tested the integration of "smart engagement" by means of GPS-tracking techniques into the municipality's cross-sectoral strategy for an "inclusive city." In a period of austerity, cities have the incentive to optimise public services. Hence, GPS-tracking data was produced by 64 marginalised citizens, resulting in a data inventory covering three weeks of spatial behaviour. First, this article shows how these GPS-tracking data were processed into maps without revealing person-sensitive spatial patterns. Secondly, the article explores whether such maps and the GPS-tracking techniques that underpin them are considered valid, relevant, and applicable to urban planning from the perspectives of marginalised citizens, their representatives, and municipal planners and professionals respectively. The GPS project showed shortcomings as regards the quality of the data inventory and the representativity of the mapped behaviour, which made them inapplicable for optimising dedicated public service. However, the article also finds that the GPS-based maps succeeded in being non-person sensitive and in providing a valuable platform for citizen-centric dialogues with marginalised citizens with the potential for raising awareness and increasing knowledge about this citizen group's living conditions and urban lives. An important derived effect of the project is that it has ensured ongoing cross-sectoral collaboration among a range of professional stakeholders, imperative for ensuring creating greater equity in urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to present the processes and mechanisms of creating smart city ecosystems by examining the complex strategic choices and interactions among stakeholders operating at different levels of governance and engagement. Based on the literature review and in-depth analyses of a case study (Lublin, Eastern Poland), we demonstrate that the implementation of tailored strategic thinking using adaptation to global trends, exploitation of development potentials and niches, and stakeholders' involvement allows for coordination and mobilization of development processes leading to the creation of effective smart city ecosystems. In line with the defined smart city challenges, with the application of a three-stage research program, we create an implementable Smart City Ecosystem Model (SCEM). The contributions of the study are as follows: (1) it provides new insights into smart governance, leadership in creating a sustainable and human smart city; (2) it analyzes strategic choices in the creation of a stakeholder ecosystem and competitive business ecosystems based on smart specializations, providing new opportunities for the design and implementation of smart city strategies. Therefore, this study provides a new multidimensional policy framework for smart cities at both strategic and operational levels that can improve the holistic management of smart and sustainable cities and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research work looked at the relationship between various dimensions of smart government which are citizen centricity, efficiency, effectiveness and the dimensions of smart governance being strategic dimension, networking and collaboration between institutions. This study made use of a quantitative analytical cross-sectional design. The study made use of the Stakeholder theory. It also made use of the purposive, convenience and simple random sampling technique. A survey was designed for the respondents which was inclusive of one hundred and thirty (130) postgraduate students of Covenant University, Ota, Ogun state and the Statistical package for social sciences was used in running the analysis. According to the findings of this study, smart government could be regarded a foundation for establishing governance by utilizing advanced information and technology for good governance, which is characterized by multiple interrelationships between individuals, government and other decision makers. The sample size and analyses focused majorly on the Postgraduate students of Covenant University. From the findings, the students assert that the governments use of ICT platforms has been able to enhance the resilience of the government and organisations as they have been able to develop a means to cope, adapt and adjust to this global change. The efficient and effective use of ICT, allowed for networking and collaborative interaction between government and other state and the governments and organizations. This implies that governments ability to take smart and strategic actions in the face of unforeseen and unpredictable challenges through the use of ICT has proven a candid means for the government to efficiently and effectively run any nation state. The findings focus on examining the effect of smart government on governance. The paper is significant in giving insightful directives on the realities of running government in a continuous dynamic environment which factors are unpredictable and gives a guide on how government should be run in the face of untold challenges.

China's digitalization has had notable achievements since 2015-2016. The vision of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) aims to achieve an ideal situation – a Chinese cyber sovereignty – in which China would rely mostly or even exclusively on itself, and the Chinese authorities would have extensive control over the Internet. In this sense, Chinese digital soft power at home and abroad gave way to smart governance, cyber sovereignty, e-bureaucracy, a Chinese cyberspace, as well as a digital public diplomacy etc., all addressed to its netizens. The development of Chinese government services is incomparably more advanced than in the most developed countries in the world, the digital infrastructure is solid, citizens and the private sector have indisputable advantages, the digital economy thrives and access to goods of all kinds and improved public services it is excellent. All these aspects are cultivated as new sources of legitimacy for the CCP. Digitization also plays an important role in ensuring national security, playing an important role in both cyber security (ICT security and through ICT) and cultural security (information, cultural diplomacy, propaganda, but also cleaning the internet of ideas, tensions and information harmful to the party).

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) seek to achieve economic, social, and environmental progress globally. However, trade-offs among these three pillars might occur, particularly in the context of cities. We argue that these trade-offs exist because the traditional factors of production for economic welfare are not always relevant to the other dimensions of city sustainability. Consequently, additional factors are needed to facilitate the progress of the 2030 agenda. We make a case for smart governance, a factor that we associate with the quality of governance. We explore these ideas by examining the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of 128 cities worldwide. Our results indicate that the traditional factors of production (labor, land, and capital) are positively associated with the economic dimension but weakly associated with the social and environmental dimensions. However, smart governance is positively associated with the various dimensions of urban sustainability. JEL CLASSIFICATION: Q01; Q28; Q53; Q56; O18; Z13 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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