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Analyzing the isotopic composition of cosmic rays (CRs) provides valuable insights into the galactic environment and helps refine existing propagation models. A particular interest is devoted to secondary-to-primary ratios of light isotopic components of CRs, the measurement of which can provide complementary information with respect to secondary-to-primary ratios like B/C. Given the complexity of the concurrent measurement of velocity and momentum required to differentiate isotopes of the same Z, a task typically accomplished using magnetic spectrometers, existing measurements of these ratios only effectively characterize the low-energy region (below 1 GeV/nucl). This study introduces a novel technique for isotopic distinction in CRs at high energies up to 100 GeV/nucl based on multiple scattering, which, combined with the proposed measurement of velocity, represent an interesting alternative to magnetic spectrometers. The performance of this technique was assessed through a dedicated simulation using the GEANT4 package, with specific emphasis on Z = 1 isotopes.

Copyright of Cuestiones Teológicas is the property of Cuestiones Teologicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Analyzing the isotopic composition of cosmic rays (CRs) provides valuable insights into the galactic environment and helps refine existing propagation models. A particular interest is devoted to secondary-to-primary ratios of light isotopic components of CRs, the measurement of which can provide complementary information with respect to secondary-to-primary ratios like B/C. Given the complexity of the concurrent measurement of velocity and momentum required to differentiate isotopes of the same Z, a task typically accomplished using magnetic spectrometers, existing measurements of these ratios only effectively characterize the low-energy region (below 1 GeV/nucl). This study introduces a novel technique for isotopic distinction in CRs at high energies up to 100 GeV/nucl based on multiple scattering, which, combined with the proposed measurement of velocity, represent an interesting alternative to magnetic spectrometers. The performance of this technique was assessed through a dedicated simulation using the GEANT4 package, with specific emphasis on Z = 1 isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the cultural perceptions and the common sense held by Finnish mutual fund managers on the very wealthy and the rich in times of growing inequalities and increased wealth accumulation at the top. By studying the financial intermediaries on the shop-floor level, who embody the promises of popular finance, the article describes how fund managers working for the small investors make sense of the inequalities caused by financialization. In the research interviews analysed in the article, the mutual fund managers perceive the rich as a necessary and salutary part of the contemporary economy, whose function is to be and behave better than the financialized markets. This common sense concerning the rich helps to legitimize increasing wealth accumulation at the top, so that the fund managers' perceptions of the rich embody an ideological coalition between the working financiers and the super-rich rentiers, a coalition that contrasts starkly with the promises of popular finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Moreana is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This issue of the Oxford Review of Economic Policy addresses whether and how to tax the rich more, drawing on the expertise of 16 author teams, most of whom are economists but also spanning legal scholarship and political science. The papers in this issue ask a range of research and policy questions about the way governments tax the rich. How can we measure the effective tax rates on the incomes and/or wealth of the rich? How do governments tax specific sources of income that the rich earn, and is there need for reform? Who bears the burden of different types of taxes, and do potential gains from reducing the tax burden on the rich 'trickle down'? How do the rich respond to the taxes imposed on them? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What Is it like to be a billionaire? I can imagine what it's like to be a millionaire. I live in London, where millionaires are never very distant. A few [...]

Today's conservative Roberts Court is a bastion of First Amendment freedom as was the liberal Warren Court half a century ago. But the winners are different. Establishment insiders win today [...]

This article attempts to rethink the early church praxis of selling the land and possessions in response to some of the problems the 1st century church were confronted with. Hence, this article attempts to answer the questions: what were the social, economic, and religious factors that led to the selling of land and possessions in the early church, and what were the implications of this practice for the community, including issues related to exploitation, inequality, and long-term sustainability of resources? This article argues that the church in South Africa must lead the conversation and learn from the early church good example to respond to social ills of our time. This is without undermining the complexities that are part of this programme of action. This article is committed to socio-historical reading of the texts under inquiry as the means to respond to the questions raised in this study. Contribution: This article seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate on issues of land, possessions, and poverty in a South African context. It attempts to explore possible implications on issues that concern this article for churches in South Africa.

This study comprehensively explores the factors affecting product innovation performance in small e-businesses. The effects of the broader composition of digital eco-dynamics on the performance of product innovation of small businesses are little understood. This study tries to fill in the gaps and investigate the interdependencies above. This study offers the novelty of using RICH as a construct that can improve innovation performance, expanding on a digital eco-dynamic that has not been developed for ten years. Confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, construct reliability, average variance extracted, and the RMSEA model of fit test was used to analyze data from 300 useable responses. The test reliability and validity of the empirical model were evaluated through linguist reviews and statistically tested with construct reliability coefficients and confirmatory factor analysis. The findings also suggest that IT capability, dynamic capability, environmental uncertainty, and resource induce coping heuristics positively impact product innovation performance in small e-businesses. This research will contribute to developing innovation theory by offering RICH as a solution. The finding that RICH is positively and significantly related to innovation performance is significant for business actors, mainly because it is in the context of developing countries. For entrepreneurs, the findings of this study suggest that developing resources in a manner consistent with the RICH strategy for companies to be more entrepreneurially oriented. In this way, the development and actualization of cognitive resources can reduce uncertainty and lead to resource acquisition and resource protection by entrepreneurs

Certification in lifestyle medicine demonstrates that a physician has achieved a high level of knowledge, abilities, and skills in this area of specialization. Since the American Board of Lifestyle Medicine (ABLM) began certifying physicians in 2017 through January 2022, about 1850 U.S. diplomates have emerged, with an additional 1375 physicians certified in 72 countries in partnership with the International Board of Lifestyle Medicine. Certification by the ABLM is not only a source of personal pride and accomplishment, but facilitates practice growth, employment opportunities, leadership roles, career satisfaction, and credibility among consumers, the public, payors, and within health systems. In this commentary, we make the case for certification as an integral, and logical, corollary to the explosive growth of the lifestyle medicine as an increasingly relevant, and essential, part of mainstream medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In international politics, is environmental protection largely a "rich-country" priority? We perceive four reasons why, although individual exceptions are possible, the answer would be yes: as a country meets more of its basic economic needs, it can better take on environmental policy's long-term thinking, policy expenses, collective action problems, and quality-of-life issues. To cut through lip service paid by governments that are not serious about environmental protection, and the fact that the "BASIC" countries (Brazil, South Africa, India, China) occupy a gray area between rich and poor, we employ computer-assisted textual analyses on all 3,774 paragraphs of statements made by national governments between 1995–2012 in the Committee on Trade and Environment (CTE) within the World Trade Organization (WTO). Controlling for other factors, we find a general pattern of environmental discussions increasing as development level increases. This contributes substantively and methodologically to the literatures on the environment/development nexus and rising powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İslam dininde, toplumda yaşayan ihtiyaç sahipleri göz ardı edilmemiş, onların yararına olacak bazı hükümler konmuştur. Bu hükümlerde maddî durumu iyi olanlara diğer bir ifadeyle dinî açıdan zengin kabul edilenlere sorumluluk yüklenmiş, maddî durumu iyi olmayan yani fakir kabul edilen kimselere ise yararlanabilecekleri olanaklar sağlanmıştır. Böylece ekonomik açıdan bir denge sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Kurban ibadetinin de ekonomik açıdan bir denge oluşturma, fakirlerin ihtiyacını giderme, toplumsal dayanışmayı temin etme vb. amaçlara matuf olduğu aşikârdır. Kurban ibadetinde kurbanlık hayvanın bedelinin tasadduk edilmesi, bu ibadetin ifası için yeterli görülmemiş bizâtihi belli şartları taşıyan hayvanın boğazlanması (irâkatü’d-dem) mükelleflerden talep edilmiştir. Bu talebin karşılığı Hanefî mezhebinde vücûb, diğer mezheplerde ise sünnet olmuştur. Fıkhî hükmü bakımından mezhepler arasında farklılık olsa da kurban ibadetinin toplum arasında önemli bir yeri olduğu bilinmektedir. Zira Müslümanlar bu ibadete ayrı bir önem vermekte hatta bazıları maddî durumu yetersiz olmasına rağmen kurban kesme gayreti içerisinde olmaktadır. Öte yandan kurban ibadetinde bireylerin maddî durumunu ilgilendiren konu sadece kurban yükümlülüğü değildir. Satın alınan kurbanlık hayvanın ölmesi, kaybolması, çalınması, hayvanın kusurlu hale gelmesi, satılması ve son olarak da kurban etinin taksimi konularında da bireyin maddî durumuna göre değişik hükümler bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu ibadetin bireylerin maddî durumuyla olan ilgisi üzerine bir çalışmaya ihtiyaç olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sebeple de gerek mukayeseli fıkıh kitaplarında gerek mezheplerin kendi kaynaklarında kurban ibadeti ile ilgili bilgiler tespit edilmiş ve bir sonuca ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Kurban ibadetinin ifa edilmesi için nisaba sahip olmanın gerekliliği izahtan varestedir. Bu mal varlığının miktarında mezhepler arasında bazı görüş ayrılıkları bulunmaktadır. Hanefi fakihlerine göre kurban ibadetiyle yükümlü olmak için gerekli olan zenginlik, iki yüz dirhem gümüş veya yirmi miskal altın ya da bunlara eşdeğerdeki eşyaya sahip olmaktır. Zekâtın aksine sahip olunan mal varlığının üzerinden bir yıl geçmesi ve artıcı olması şart kılınmamıştır. Nisabın ölçüsü, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı tarafından temel ihtiyaçlarından ve borcundan başka 80.18 gr altın veya değerinde para ya da eşyaya sahip olmak şeklinde ifade edilmiştir. Kurban ibadetinde bir nisabın varlığı araştırıldığında Hanefilerin, kurban ibadeti için -zekâtta ve fitrede olduğu gibi- belli bir zenginlik ölçüsü koydukları; diğer mezheplerin ise belli bir zenginlik ölçüsü koymadığı, genel bir ifade kullanılacak olursa gücü yetenlerin kurban kesmesinin sünnet olduğunu ifade ettikleri görülmektedir. Her iki görüşün de dayandığı deliller vardır. Bu iki yaklaşım karşılaştırıldığında Hanefilerin genel geçer bir kriter ortaya koydukları, diğer mezheplerin ise böyle bir kriter koymadıkları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Belli bir kriterin olmaması, kurban ibadetini bireylerin inisiyatifine bırakma anlamına gelmektedir. Toplumdaki ihtiyaç sahiplerinin yararına yönelik olan bir ibadetin, bireylerin inisiyatifine bırakılmayıp bir zenginlik ölçüsüne bağlanması kanaatimizce daha makul görünmektedir. Maddî durumun kurban ibadetine etkileri hususunda fakihlerin birtakım kurallar çerçevesinde hareket etmeleri genelde makul sonuçlar doğurmakla birlikte bazı durumlarda fakirlerin aleyhine hükümlerin ortaya çıkmasına da sebep olabilmektedir. Nisaba malik olmayan kimsenin satın aldığı kurbanlık hayvanın adak hükmünde olduğunun kabul edilmesi, fakirlerin aleyhine bir sonuç doğuran bir yaklaşım olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda aslen fakirin faydasına öncelik verilmesi gereken bir ibadette fakirin aleyhine olacak hükümlerin söz konusu olması, verilen hükmün gözden geçirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Böyle durumlarda fakihlerin içtihat sonucu ulaştıkları hükümlerin nas gibi kabul edilmemesi, toplumun faydasına olan uygulamanın benimsenmesi kanaatimizce daha makul görünmektedir.

The LHCb detector has been upgraded to manage a five-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity delivered to the experiment during LHC Run 3 and to readout data at the full bunch crossing rate of 40 MHz. The enhanced LHCb RICH detectors now feature Multianode Photomultiplier Tubes (MaPMTs), covering a total area of approximately 4 square meters, and brand-new frontend electronics to comply with the trigger-less readout architecture. The opto-electronics chain is capable of detecting single photons at repetition rates of up to 100 MHz/cm 2 while maintaining an exceptionally low noise. The RICH upgrade is comprehensively outlined, including details about the characterization and studies on the photon detection system. The stability and uniformity achieved by optimizing the parameters of the opto-electronics chain enable the RICH system to function successfully and to provide excellent charged hadron identification in high occupancy conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich plasma, which contains numerous growth factors that promote hair growth, is a nonsurgical treatment available for patients with androgenetic alopecia. However, neither the quantity nor the location and depth of platelet-rich plasma placement in the scalp is uniform; in addition, multiple painful injections are required. Vertical uniform channels from the skin surface into the dermis, created by ablative laser fractional photothermolysis, can be used to enhance the cutaneous delivery of medications. This technique — referred to as laser assisted drug delivery — may provide an efficacious means for the administration of platelet-rich plasma to the scalp. It would not only enable the uniform placement of platelet-rich plasma in the dermis (instead of inadvertently in the subcutaneous fat) of androgenetic alopecia patients' scalps, but also eliminate the injection-associated pain. In addition, the topical application of either bimatoprost or minoxidil or both could also be enhanced with laser assisted drug delivery. In conclusion, to potentially maximize the stimulation of hair growth, laser assisted drug delivery of platelet-rich plasma — with or without bimatoprost and/or minoxidil — should be considered in patients with androgenetic alopecia in order to effectively deliver the agents to the dermis where the bulge area of the hair follicles is located.

The present study expands previous research on the effects of power on stereotyping by investigating the impact of two types of power (social power and personal power) on two universal dimensions of social perception; warmth and competence. Results from an experiment (N = 377) in which participants were randomly assigned to provide their impression of either (1) poor people or (2) rich people, suggest that the two types of power produce different effects on perceptions of warmth and competence. Personal power increased stereotype consistent perceptions of warmth whereas social power increased stereotype consistent perceptions of competence as well as agency, which was identified as a separate dimension. The pattern of results is discussed in view of previous work on power effects and stereotyping, and potential explanations and suggestions for future research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Central Asian Economic Review is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is evidence that in more economically unequal societies, social relations are more strained. We argue that this may reflect the tendency for wealth to become a more fitting lens for seeing the world, so that in economically more unequal circumstances, people more readily divide the world into "the haves" and "have nots." Our argument is supported by archival and experimental evidence. Two archival analyses reveal that at times of greater inequality, books in the United Kingdom and the United States and news media in English-speaking countries were more likely to mention the rich and poor. Three experiments, two preregistered, provided evidence for the causal role of economic inequality in people's use of wealth categories when describing life in a fictional society; effects were weaker when examining real economic contexts. Thus, one way in which inequality changes the world may be by changing how we see it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantics is one of the new approaches in the field of linguistics dealing with the explanation of words; This science, as one of the purposeful sciences, has a significant application in the field of Quranic studies and holy texts. In other words, with the help of semantics, the exact meaning of a word and the speaker's intention are clarified. The semantic method of Izutsu (Japanese author) explains and analyzes words at different levels of meaning, semantic relations and concept. Accordingly, the revision and determination of the position of each element and content in the holy texts depends on the study of that word with its companion and reciprocal words in a systematic system and other words of the same order. The two words "poor" and "rich" are among the conceptual and key words of Nahj al-Balaghah being crystallized in various forms in this holy book. The present study, which has analyzed and researched the meaning of the words "poor" and "rich" in a descriptive-analytical method from a lexical point of view and then relying on Izutsu semantics in a vocabulary and confrontation axis, shows that these two words, with their nominal and current functions in the text of Nahj al-Balaghah, are expressed in positive and negative meanings. Most obviously, the opposition of these two words in an axis of companionship, conveys an important message. Accordingly, these two words, in addition to the general meaning that most lexicographers and commentators have provided, have found semantic development in the prolific words of Imam (AS); In other words, in addition to the meaning of material need and needlessness, they have also taken on a spiritual aspect. Another is that these two words have become a criterion for measuring a person's human dignity.

In Islam, the poor and needy people in society were not overlooked; rather, arrangements were made for their welfare. In these arrangements, those who have a solid financial status, in other words, those who are religiously wealthy, are given responsibility, while those who lack financial backing, in other words, those who are impoverished, are offered opportunities from which they can benefit. By this means, an economic equilibrium has been attempted. It is self-evident that sacrifice worship is directed towards objectives such as achieving economic balance, satisfying the needs of the impoverished, ensuring social unity etc. For fulfilling the sacrifice worship Islamic charity (tasadduq) of the animal is not considered as enough, per se an animal having certain conditions must be slaughtered (irâkat al-dam) from obligants in the sacrifice worship. This situation is called “wujub” in Hanafiyyah school and is called “sunnah” in other sects. It is known that sacrificing worship has an important role in society although some differences among sects in terms of the Islamic jurisprudential. It can be observed that Muslims habitually regard this worship, some of them try to fulfil of sacrifice although they do not have enough money. Moreover, the responsibility of the sacrifice is not the only issue related to the financial situation of individuals for sacrificial worship. There are different arrangements regarding the financial situation of the person such as death, loss, theft, defectiveness, to be sold and the distribution of the meat of the purchased sacrificial animal. Hence, a study related to the financial situation of believers who want to perform the sacrifice is needed. For this reason, information regarding sacrificial ritual is determined from both comparative jurisprudence books and the sects own sources and it is tried to draw a conclusion. Needles to say that, for the sacrificing ritual, having nisāb is necessary. There are some differences of opinion among the sects about the amount of property required for the fulfillment of the sacrifice. According to the Hanafiyyah school, the wealth required to be responsible for sacrificial worship is to have 200 dirham silver or 20 miskal gold, or property equivalent to these. Some responsibilities such as a year must pass from the time when the property was gained and property must be increaser did not consider as requirements, unlike the zakat. Measurement of the nisāb is determined by the Directorate of Religious Affairs as having 80.18 grams of gold, or equal money or stuff besides debt and basic necessities. When the existenceof a nisab (a measure of richness showing that zakat is obligatory) in the worship of sacrifice is investigated it is seen that certain extent wealth is necessary, as such in zakat and fitra, to fulfil the sacrifice worship for the Hanafiyya sect, however other sects have not required any measure of richness, alternatively they express that sacrfice is sunnah for those believers who can afford. Both opinions have evidences. When these two opinion to be compared it is made clear that Hanafiyyah determined some common criterias, on the contrary other sects. The absence of any criteria means that sacrifice worship is put under the initiative of believers. In my opinion it seems more reasonable to establish standards of wealth, instead of an individual choice, for worship focusing on needy. Some opinions of canonists (fax) about the effects of the financial situation on sacrificial worship create reasonable results usually, but sometimes it could cause to some rules against poors. An animal that is bought by a believer who does not have nisab, is considered as vow (not sacrifice) might be seen as an example of this situation. In this context, if some rules are declared for worship in which poor people must be given priority, but these rules are against the poor, thus they must be reviewed. In such cases, it seems more reasonable that decretals given by faqihs as a result of jurisprudence should not consider as a religious rule (nas), instead, practices that are beneficial to society may keep fulfilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study will answer the factors that influence the innovation performance of small e-businesses in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of innovation theory by enriching knowledge in the field of management science in general, especially entrepreneurship theory, especially those related to innovation performance, IT ambidexterity, dynamic capability, environmental uncertainty, and Resource-Induced Coping Heuristic (RICH). This study proposes novelty by examining the effect of acquiring, developing, and protecting resources as dimensions of RICH on innovation performance in turbulent conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This theoretical aspect forms the basis for further research that will develop into a broader scope related to innovation performance in entrepreneurship in Indonesia. This fundamental research uses a questionnaire as a data collection tool tested for validity and reliability before being tested empirically using structural equation modeling partial least squares. Research shows that among the dimensions of RICH, protecting resources is the most influential on innovation performance, followed by acquiring resources and developing resources. Dynamic capability positively affects innovation performance. Environmental uncertainty positively affects dynamic capability. Environmental uncertainty positively affects innovation performance. IT capability positively affects dynamic capability. IT capability positively affects innovation performance. The development of small e-businesses needs to get significant attention. Small e-businesses need to develop mutually beneficial business partnerships and improve the quality of their human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particle identification techniques are fundamental tools in nuclear physics experiments. Discriminating particles or nuclei produced in nuclear interactions allows to better understand the underlying physics mechanisms. The energy interval of these reactions is very broad, from sub-eV up to TeV. For this reason, many different identification approaches have been developed, often combining two or more observables. This paper reviews several of these techniques with emphasis on the expertise gained within the current nuclear physics scientific program of the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article treats two short texts in the Letter of James, namely 5:4 and 1:10–11, relevant for an investigation of the possible allusions of this New Testament writing to the Greek version of the book of the prophet Isaiah. Comparing them with the corresponding Isaianic parallels leads to the conclusion that the author of the letter was well acquainted with them and used them in adapted form in his new theological and ethical-pragmatical context.

'We must', said British politician Margaret Thatcher, in a press conference during her victorious 1979 election campaign, 'increase the slice of the cake before we can decide how that extra [...]

Drawing on state-centered perspectives, this article explores the link between oligarchic state capture and democratization by looking at Moldova between 2009 and 2019. It proposes the concept of oligarchic state capture, a situation where business magnates exert influence over all three branches of government through extensive networks. While the majoroligarchs in Moldova cooperate to bring down competitive authoritarianism, they derail democratization. In contrast to earlier studies emphasizing the interest of oligarchs in wealth defense, the present study explains how oligarchs engage in extreme state exploitation and thereby undermine public trust in democratic institutions. Partial deoligarchization succeeds after inter-oligarchic conflicts and popular backlash enable the formation of a fragile multiethnic, transideological political coalition that demands the restoration of state autonomy vis-a-vis the wealthy elites., State capture has been a major challenge for democratizing countries as diverse as Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, South Africa, Indonesia, Moldova, Ukraine, Latvia, Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and the United States. (1) [...]

Copyright of Cauriensia: Revista Anual de Ciencias Eclesiásticas is the property of Instituto Teologico San Pedro de Alcantara de Caceres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Facial expression stereotypes can affect the perception of other people's facial expressions. This study examined facial expression stereotypes of poor and rich adults and children. Experiment 1 found that the adult participants associated rich adults with positive emotions (i.e., happiness) and poor adults with negative emotions (i.e., sadness). In Experiments 2–4, adult participants still thought that rich 4-, 6-, and 10-year-old children would show positive facial expressions (happiness) but did not think that poor 4-, 6-, and 10-year-old children would show negative emotions (sadness). These finding have implications concerning how adults communicate with poor and rich adults and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joseph Pulitzer, a rich man whose name is synonymous with great journalism, wrote in his famous platform about his newspapers that they would always fight predatory plutocracy, predatory poverty and [...]

Radiation-Induced Cavernous Hemangioma (RICH) is a possible consequence of brain irradiation that rarely causes symptoms but can result in severe hemorrhage and neurological symptoms. To date, only small numbers of RICH cases have been reported in the literature. We report on a case of a 16-year old male who underwent surgery for RICH due to intralesional hemorrhage. Follow-up imaging showed increasing hemorrhage of one of the lesions over time since irradiation. Additionally, the patient experienced headache and seizure-like events. Therefore, microsurgical resection was performed to prevent further hemorrhage and the risk of a symptomatic bleeding event. Imaging carried out after surgery showed no sign of any new hemorrhage but still multiple other RICH lesions.Patients with RICH are often asymptomatic, but still it can lead to severe hemorrhage. Thus, follow-up imaging after brain irradiation is crucial to detect early signs of RICH and assess its evolution. To prevent symptomatic hemorrhage, surgery for RICH should be carefully considered on a case-by-case basis if the patient becomes symptomatic or if imaging shows increasing hemorrhage.

Vitiligo is a chronic acquired disease. Various therapeutic strategies are available but with variable degrees of success. Fractional CO2 laser is claimed to be effective in the treatment of refractory non-segmental vitiligo. Platelet-rich plasma may help in stimulation of the proliferation of melanocytes and repigmentation within vitiliginous patches.Our aim was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser, PRP, and NB-UVB either alone or in combination in the treatment of vitiligo. This self-controlled randomized clinical trial included 20 patients with at least 6 patches of vitiligo (VIDA score 1 and 0). Each patch was randomly assigned to receive either, fractional CO2 laser, PRP, combined fractional CO2 with PRP, combined fractional CO2 with NB-UVB, combined fractional CO2 with PRP and NB-UVB or left as a control. There was a statistically significant improvement in all treatment groups on comparing the surface area of vitiligo patches before and after treatment. However on comparing the percentage of reduction in surface area in different treatment groups, there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.122). Fr: CO2 laser and PRP may be adjuvant therapeutic options to NB-UVB especially in the treatment of refractory cases of non-segmental vitiligo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Poor patients have greater morbidity and die up to 10 years earlier than patients who have higher socio-economic status. These findings are often attributed to differences in life-style between groups. The present study aimed at investigating the extent to which physicians contribute to the effect by providing relative poorer care, resulting in relative neglect in terms of time spent with a poor patient and more inaccurate diagnoses. Methods A randomised experiment with 45 internal medicine residents. Doctors diagnosed 12 written clinical vignettes that were exactly the same except for the description of the patients’ socio-economic status. Each participant diagnosed four of the vignettes in a poor-patient version, four in a rich-patient version, and four in a version that did not contain socio-economic markers, in a balanced within-subjects incomplete block design. Main measurements were: diagnostic accuracy scores and time spent on diagnosis. Results Mean diagnostic accuracy scores (range 0–1) did not significantly differ among the conditions of the experiment (for poor patients: 0.48; for rich patients: 0.52; for patients without socio-economic markers: 0.54; p > 0.05). While confronted with patients not presenting with socio-economic background information, the participants spent significantly less time-to-diagnosis ((for poor patients: 168 s; for rich patients: 176 s; for patients without socio-economic markers: 151 s; p

For the RSV (recycle split-vapor process) process in the middle and high pressure gas-rich ethane recovery, there are problems such as high energy consumption and low process heat integration. Based on the principle of rectification, the method of changing the gas source and multi-stage separation is adopted. The method proposes the RSVF (recycle split vapor with liquid flashing process) process. Then taking the ethane recovery rate and the total compression power consumption as the response values, the demethanizer pressure is selected by the sensitivity analysis method. Behnken's response surface method is optimized for the process parameters, and the two models are verified by ANOVA. The optimal process parameters obtained after optimization areas follows: the pressure of the demethanizer is 2820kPa, the temperature of the cryogenic separator is -48 ℃, the reflux ratio of the external dry gas is 14.2%, and the flashing temperature is -40.6℃. When the natural gas processing capacity is 5×106 m³/d, the economic benefit of the process has increased by15.51 million yuan per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I'M NOT THE sort of person who's up on popular culture. But even I became aware of Oliver Anthony, a YouTube phenomenon whose song, 'Rich Men North of Richmond,' received [...]

To answer the question "where are the rich?" FGV Social researchers used data from the Federal Revenue on the Personal Income Tax (IRPF) declarations of 2018. The text maps the results by municipality and shows its concentration in the Southeast, South and - increasingly - in the Centro-Oeste, in Brasília and in the soy, corn and cotton production region.

Goodman, P. S. (2022). Davos man: How the billionaires devoured the world. Custom House. The phrase Davos Man was coined in 2004 by Samuel Huntington to describe anyone who regularly [...]

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda servet sahiplerinin kim olduğu ve servetin nasıl oluştuğu konusu önemlidir. Bu konuda yapılacak çalışmalarda şer’iyye sicilleri içerisinde yer alan tereke kayıtları kayda değer bilgiler vermektedir. Bu makalenin amacı Osmanlı imparatorluğunun merkezinde önemli bir ticaret ve diplomatik merkez olan Galata kazası içerisinde servet sahiplerinin tereke kayıtları üzerine değerlendirme yapmaktır. Bu çalışmada 18. yüzyılın başlarında servet sahibi günün milyoneri olan kişilere ait tereke kayıtları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma mikro olarak Galata’da zenginliğin kaynağını ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Değerlendirme her ne kadar Galata kazasını ele alsa da makro olarak Osmanlı’da servetin oluşmasındaki etkenler hakkında fikir vermektedir. Servet sahipleri olarak ifade ettiğimiz bu kişiler günümüz milyarderi olarak ifade edilen bir milyon akçenin üzerinde varlığa sahip olan kimselerdir.

This article is the first from the block of two articles which composing the whole, one of which is present hereinafter, and the second will be published in the following journal issue. In this article, based on the data of the Monitoring research carried out by Institute of Sociology of RAS (2015), the methodology of the analysis of factors of income stratification is described and the role which ascriptive characteristics of the individual play in definition of its place in income hierarchy of the Russian society is shown. With the help of multinomial regression models, it is shown that ascriptive characteristics (more age, type of the settlement and the state of health, and in smaller – a sex), remain significant factors of income stratification in Russia now. Ascriptive characteristics play a special role in low-income strata of society for which representatives there are many structural barriers which are not allowing to accumulate resources and to realize the upward social mobility. It is found out also that within the local communities villagers have more chances of a hit in high-income groups of society in comparison with citizens, and especially – residents of megapolises which should compete more actively among themselves for an opportunity to promote above in income hierarchy. The importance of age for all income groups is shown. People of middle and older age concentrate in middle-income strata, but young people, depending on their place of birth and socialization conditions, separate into polar income groups. Major drivers of this “divergence” processes are linked with structural constraints such as settlement or place of birth that also largely determine opportunities for efficient investment in human capital, rather than personal achievements.

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Congenital hemangiomas (CH) are benign vascular tumors that are present at birth and do not stain for the marker Glut‐1. Herein, we describe five cases of CH with atypical presentations: 3 with late growth, 1 with slow involution, and 1 that partially involuted rapidly then manifested late growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to prove the concreteness of the only novel written by Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights. It discusses the historical background of the age as well as the problems that were common through the multiplicity of themes, the personal theme of love and revenge. The love of Heathcliff and Catherine dominates the novel. It is an uncommon passion, almost spiritual in its intensity, and its triumphs eventually after the death of Catherine and Heathcliff. Hence it tackles with the themes of the novel and its concreteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All photos are courtesy of the Eugene V. Debs Foundation unless stated otherwise. In the presidential election of 2016, political spouses often took center stage, especially given the possibility of [...]

RI-RICH, a ring-imaging Cherenkov counter for radioactive ions, has been developed to measure the velocity of the ions at intermediate energies. Our RI-RICH system consists of six multi-anode photomultiplier tubes covered with 360-nm bandpass filters and a radiator made of quartz or BK7. For the primary 132Xe beam with a velocity of β = 0. 712 , a velocity resolution of Δ β ∕ β = 4. 9 × 1 0 − 4 (one standard deviation σ) and a detection efficiency of more than 99.99% were achieved. For the secondary beams with Z = 44 – 55 and β ≃ 0. 70 , we successfully performed particle identification using the B ρ - Δ E - β method. The velocity resolutions of RI-RICH for these nuclides were equivalent to a more than 6 σ separation for the mass number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article treats two short texts in the Letter of James, namely 5:4 and 1:10-11, relevant for an investigation of the possible allusions of this New Testament writing to the Greek version of the book of the prophet Isaiah. Comparing them with the corresponding Isaianic parallels leads to the conclusion that the author of the letter was well acquainted with them and used them in adapted form in his new theological and ethical-pragmatical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ALICE collaboration is proposing a new apparatus, ALICE 3, to investigate the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) properties. In this context, conceptual studies for the development of a RICH detector for ALICE 3 are ongoing. The proposed baseline layout is a proximity-focusing RICH, using aerogel (refractive index n = 1.03 at λ ph = 400 nm) as Cherenkov radiator and a layer of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) for the photon detection. A multi-layer (focusing) aerogel layout, with increasing refractive index, is also considered. If good time resolution of ≈ 20 ps can be achieved in the SiPM photons detectors, they can be able to identify charged hadrons via TOF measurements. The detector specifications and performance, obtained by means of dedicated Monte Carlo simulation, are presented. The R&D challenges related to the proposed design are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hadron particle identification provided by the RICH system in LHCb over a momentum range of 2.6–100 GeV/c has been a key element of the success of the experiment and will remain equally important for Upgrade II. With luminosities expected up to 7.5 times those expected for Upgrade I and 75 times those realised in the past, maintaining the current excellent particle identification performance demands a substantial improvement in the precision of the measurements of the space and time coordinates of the photons detected in the RICH. It will require a readout strategy with high-resolution timing information and making significant improvements in the resolution of the reconstructed Cherenkov angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ALICE High Momentum Particle IDentification (HMPID) is a Ring Imaging Cherenkov detector that identifies π, k and p in the transverse momentum interval 1 < p T < 5 GeV/ c. The HMPID consists of seven proximity focusing RICH modules, 1.3 × 1.3 m2 each. They are based on liquid C 6 F 14 as Cherenkov radiator, and on MWPCs equipped with CsI pad segmented photocathodes as photon detector. During the LHC Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019–2021) the HMPID underwent upgrading activities that increased the event read out rate up to ∼20 kHz, 10 times faster than in Run 2. The performance of the read-out electronics and the MWPCs status after a stop of 4 years, using the first Run 3 data (2022), are presented. The HMPID will also constraint the measurement of the inelastic (anti-)deuteron inelastic cross section in the momentum interval 0.2–2 GeV/ c. For such aim during LS2 two aluminium absorbers 1.3 × 1.3 m2, one with a thickness of 8 cm, half interaction length, and the other with a thickness of 4 cm, were installed in front of two RICH modules. Preliminary Monte Carlo results on the expected uncertainties on the cross section measurement are given. Finally, the projection of the CsI photocathodes stability at the end of Run 3 after the absorption of a charge dose ten times higher than in Run 2, is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COMPASS RICH-1 has used high-purity perfluorobutane as radiator gas since 2001. The operation and control of the radiator gas has evolved over years with continuous improvements. We report on the experience gained in the 20 year-long operation of perfluorobutane as COMPASS RICH radiator. Very accurate values for the radiator gas refractive index are needed for high-performance particle identification. The procedure has evolved over years and the one presently in use, which provides refractive index estimate at the 1 ppm level, is discussed. Perfluorobutane procurement is becoming challenging, and the minimization of material waste is now a priority for the protection of the environment. Commercially available perfluorobutane needs dedicated filtering before usage and typical material losses in the filtering procedure were around 30%. Recent efforts allowed us to reduce them to about 5%. A potential alternative to fluorocarbon radiators in gaseous RICHes is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]