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Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Poligramas is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En el siguiente artículo se reflexiona sobre tres recurrencias en la poesía de Rómulo Bustos Aguirre: la multiplicidad de la voz lírica melancólica, el problema de la creación poética y la figura del ángel, a partir del acercamiento a los poemas: “Hay alguien que yo sé morándome”, “El ángel” y “La pupila incesante”. La obra del poeta colombiano sugiere la inestabilidad de la creación, la transformación de sentido “devenir” y la capacidad de afectación en el proceso fluctuante de la escritura poética.

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Cataract surgery with intraocular lens implant is, nowadays, the most frequent surgical procedure in all the world. Its success depends on a lot of factors, one of the most important is the calculation of the exact dioptric power of intraocular lens. Objective: To compare the calculation of dioptric power of intraocular lens with and without dilatation in patients with cataract. Material and methods: Longitudinal study, the calculation of the dioptric power of the intraocular lens was determined in patients without and with pupillary dilation. The variables were age, gender, eye to study, keratometry, axial length, anterior chamber depth and dioptric power of the intraocular lens. Descriptive statistics and Student t test were performed. Results: There were 37 patients, 23 females and 14 males. The average age was 68 + 7.87 years. Sixty-four eyes were studied, 30 were right and 34 left. Statistically, there was only significant difference in K2 of the ocular biometry between patients without and with pupillary dilation when obtaining a value of p < 0.05. Conclusion: There are no changes in the calculation of the dioptric power of the Intraocular lens without and with pupillary dilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este artículo, se presenta un método basado en la teoría de conjuntos difusos para segmentar imágenes de color oftalmológicas. El sistema difuso utiliza los canales RGB como datos de entrada, evalúa los píxeles con una colección de reglas lingüísticas, obteniendo como salida difusa una clasificación de cada píxel, determinando si son un objeto de interés dentro de la imagen. El método funciona con imágenes de ojos de diferentes colores, evaluando las imágenes con diferentes conjuntos de reglas para segmentar la pupila y el borde del ojo. Los resultados del método propuesto muestran que el sistema es efectivo en la mejora de las regiones de interés en la imagen.

Copyright of Journal of Optometry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The word niña means etymologically the same as pupil ('niñita'), but while the latter has lost this meaning in current Spanish and has remained as a reference of a part of the eye that is no longer related to its origin, the term niña still have in our days its original meaning. The aim of this paper is to see how the expression niña del ojo in Spanish language originates, what makes its formation possible and, from there, to study its development and temporal trajectory through its historical evolution in lexicographic works, as well as its documentation and general extension in the Hispanic world, to lead to an analysis of its situation and current use in relation to the term pupil. According to the results observed, pupil, which in its beginning was a cultism of the anatomical jargon, seems to be displacing the expression niña del ojo, which has been the most used traditionally in the common language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo é realizar as medidas da Distância Interpupilar (DIP) entre a régua milimetrada e o autorrefrator e comparar os resultados entre si. MÉTODOS: Cento e trinta e cinco pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação da DIP. Cada paciente foi examinado pelo mesmo examinador, com dois métodos: régua milimetrada e autorrefrator. RESULTADOS: Houve boa concordância entre as medidas apuradas pelos dois métodos, não apresentando diferença estatísticamente significante entre as médias e variabilidades. CONCLUSÃO: A inexatidão presente no método da régua milimetrada pode responder pelos casos com diferenças clinicamente significantes, porém proporcionalmente estes casos não invalidam a reprodutibilidade do autorrefrator.PURPOSE: There are several methods to measure the Interpupilary Distance (IPD), but the method used in most office is the milimetric ruler. Currently, the autorrefractor is used routinely to find for the subjective evaluation of the refractive error, but the IPD from the autorrefractor is often not compared with the traditional method of measurement.The objective of the study is to achieve the measures of IPD between the two methods and compare the results with each other. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five patients underwent the assessment of the DIP. Each patient was examined by the same examiner, with two methods: milimetric ruler and autorrefractor. RESULTS: There was good agreement between the measures cleared by the two methods, showing no statistically significant difference between mean and variability. CONCLUSION: The inaccuracy in the method of the present milimetric ruler can answer the cases with clinically significant differences, however proportionately these cases do not invalidate the reproducibility of the autorrefractor.

Copyright of Journal of Optometry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior is the property of Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Com objetivo de desenvolver metodologia para avaliar alterações pupilares na fase crônica da doença de Chagas em área endêmica, foram examinados dez pacientes chagãsicos e dez controles, pareados quanto ao sexo, idade e cor. O diâmetro e área pupilar, determinados com recursos de projeção e topografia, foram comparados nos dois grupos. Ambas as pupilas foram fotografadas, simultaneamente, com iluminação padronizada. De cada indivíduo foram feitas três fotos sucessivas: inicial, apôs 30 minutos da instilação de colírio depilocaipina a 0,1% e apôs 30 minutos da instilação de colírio de fenilefrina a 3%. As pupilas dos chagãsicos diferiram das dos controles, de forma estatisticamente significante: maiores diâmetros e áreas iniciais; irregularidades nos contornos; maiores reduções percentuais em diâmetro e área apôs pilocarpina; maiores aumentos percentuais em diâmetro e área após fenilefrina. A metodogia foi considerada satisfatória e os resultados sugerem alterações no sistema nervoso autônomo ocular nos chagásicos.To develop a method to analyse pupillary disturbances in patients with chronic Chagas disease in an endemic area, ten chagasic and ten normal subjects were matched according to sex, age and race. Pupillary diameter and area ivere determined using projection and topography techniques and compared between groups. Both pupils were visualised simultaneously. In each case three photographs were taken under standardised illumination. The first photo was obtained without medication, the second, 30 minutes after instillation of -0,1% pilocarpine and the last 30 minutes after instillation of 3% phenylephrine (60 minutes after pilocarpine). Pupils of chagasic patients had a statistically significant greater initial diameter and area, irregularity of the pupil border, greater percentual reduction in diameter and area after pilocaipine 0.1% and greater percentual increase in diameter and area after 3% phenylephrine eyedrops. The tnethod developed for this study was considered satisfactory. The results suggest ocular autonomic newous system disturbances in chagasic patients.

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La pupilometría o pupilografia se han convertido en elemento valioso para estudiar el sistema nervioso autónomo. Este es un método diagnóstico de fácil ejecución y económico, que se puede usar para estudiar alteraciones como las ocurridas en la enfermedad de Alzheimer, trastornos neurosiquiátricos, trastornos del sueño, migraña, enfermedad de Parkinson y disautonomías, entre otros trastornos. Puede ser útil también para medir actividades fisiológicas como el ejercicio extremo y las cargas cognitivas. Asi mismo, la pupilometría es útil para detectar diabetes mellitas en etapas tempranas, en la amiloidosis y en otras enfermedades reumáticas. De la misma manera ha permitido conocer un poco mas el compromiso ocular de la enfermedad de Chagas, una de las parasitosis mas prevalentes en Latinoamérica.

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper describes a system with potential for identification of sleep deprivation, which, based on our bibliographical survey, has not yet been described in the literature. The system combines two methodologies, i. e., Psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) and pupillometry, which are among the leading methods for the study of sleep deprivation. However, due to peculiarities of both methodologies, some adaptations were made in their procedures to allow them to co-exist in the same system. Such integration may not only ensure the complementarity of indexes, making the identification of sleep deprivation more solid, but also set up the equalization of the subject's psycho-physiological state, which is not possible in tests performed with a time lag. In this study, the performance of measurements provided by the system was assessed in subjects on alert. However, some measurements present a displacement with respect to their average values, which, according to assessment, are determined by system's technical requirements. The results obtained in this assessment, combined with the increasing demand for large scale application tools, able to be used outside the limits of the laboratory environment for studies in sleep deprivation disorders, point to this system as a potential tool. However, the undertaking of a rigorous experiment is necessary to assess whether the indexes obtained by the system allow the robust identification of sleep deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Optometry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La videopupilografía con cámara infrarroja es una novedosa técnica, que resulta de gran utilidad en el estudio de la dinámica pupilar. Con el objetivo de establecer los parámetros pupilares normales con esta técnica, se estudió un grupo de sujetos sanos, lo que posteriormente permitió conocer su afectación en otras enfermedades. Fueron examinados con esta técnica un total de 40 sujetos sanos, 18 hombres y 22 mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 34,7 años, con una desviación estándar de 10,3. En los resultados se pueden apreciar los valores promedio de los parámetros pupilares determinados a través de esta novedosa tecnología. Existe una relación de estos parámetros con la edad y fue estadísticamente significativa con la velocidad de contracción media pupilar y con la velocidad de dilatación media pupilar (pThe video-assisted pupillography with infrared camera is a new technique that is very useful in the study of pupillary dynamics. In order to establish the normal pupilary parameters with this technique, it was studied a group of sound subjects that allow to know their affectation in other diseases. A total of 40 sound subjects, 18 men and 22 women, were examined by using this technique. The average age was 34.7 years old with a standard deviation of 10.3. The mean values of the pupillary parameters determined by this new technology may be observed in the results. There was a relation of these parameters with age and it was statistically significant with the speed of mean pupillary contraction and with the speed of mean pupillary dilation (p

ABSTRACT Purpose: to review the scientific literature and present existing instruments and methods for the objective assessment of the listening effort in normal hearing individuals worldwide. Methods: a literature integrative review whose purpose was to gather and summarize the scientific knowledge regarding the objective methods theme for measuring the listening effort, developed through the search of articles in specialized national and international journals, in the English and Portuguese languages, available in the databases: PUBMED, Cochrane Library, LILACS and SCIELO. Results: 18 articles which used physiological methods to measure the listening effort in individuals with normal hearing were reviewed. The main findings described in those articles refer to the author(s) and purpose(s) of the research, country where the research was conducted, casuistry, physiological method used and results. Conclusion: there is no consensus among the researchers about the best physiological method to measure this parameter, that is, this effort in the speech perception tasks, although the level of skin conductance is considered the most accurate measure to date.

Objective: To study the different pupil shapes adopted by the different animal species., Material and Methods: Review of the related literature, using PubMed database. The initial search strategy was pupil shape (limited to animals). The first volume of System of Ophthalmology (Duke-Elder) and Evolution's witness (I. Schwab) were also reviewed., Results: An optic illusion called pseudopupil is usually observed in the compound eyes of insects. The pupil is circular in most vertebrates, however slit vertical pupils are present in cats and in some snake species. Vertical pupils could have a photoprotective function, as it makes a more complete closure possible in photopic conditions, and helps to camouflage the predator. It has also been hypothesized that it could help to correct chromatic aberration. Ruminants are usually endowed with horizontal pupils. This shape could improve the capacity of the eye to detect vertical silhouettes. Some marine animals have crescent-shaped pupils. In these animals, a superior operculum helps to protect the inferior retina from the great amount of light coming from above., Conclusion: There is a surprising variability in pupil shape. Through this variability, nature has fitted the eye to different circumstances. The theories proposed to explain this high variability are discussed in detail in the article., (Copyright © 2012 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Case Report: A 19 year-old boy who developed a right Horner's syndrome after a bilateral sympathectomy as a treatment for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis., Discussion: Horner's syndrome is defined by the occurrence of miosis, ptosis and enophthalmos as a result of involvement of sympathetic innervation. This is quite rare, but identification is very important because it may also be an ominous sign secondary to a neoplasm, neurological diseases, or surgery of the sympathetic chain, as in our case., (Copyright © 2010 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)