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This research analyzes the potential and prospects of a data-driven methodology for examining the thermo-physical properties of composite materials. The research is to provide an analysis of the potential and benefits of employing data-driven procedures, especially in contrast to conventional methods. The analysis examines fundamental principles and advanced machine learning approaches utilized in materials science, highlighting their ability to improve the knowledge, optimization, and overall quality of composite materials. This study thoroughly examines the application of neural networks in forecasting thermal characteristics, highlighting its predictive skills and potential to transform the analysis of thermal properties in composite materials. Additionally, the research underscores the growing reliance on big data analytics in addressing complex challenges in material behavior, particularly under variable environmental conditions. A comparison assessment is performed between the data-driven methodology and traditional analytical methodologies, emphasizing the distinct advantages and drawbacks of each. This comparison elucidates how data-driven methodologies can enhance and refine the precision of thermo-physical analysis. The convergence of machine learning and material science is shown to not only facilitate more accurate predictions but also reduce experimentation time and costs. The report also delineates contemporary techniques for measuring and forecasting the thermo-physical properties of composites, emphasizing the advancements in new technologies in recent years. The function of computational tools and computer technology is elaborated upon, especially with the modeling of thermo-physical properties and the simulation of production processes for composite materials. This paper highlights the growing significance of these technologies in enhancing both theoretical and practical dimensions of material science. The research provides novel insights into composite manufacture, thereby advancing the future of materials science and the practical applications of composite materials. The results have significant implications for enhancing production processes, fostering innovation, and progressing the research of composite materials across diverse industries.

In this article, the features of synthesis and physicochemical properties of a composite material based on precipitated hydroxyapatite and synthetic aluminosilicate zeolites are investigated. Using modern methods of analysis, both the obtained composite material and individual components included in its composition are certified. The material was synthesized by mixing with simultaneous grinding in a vibration mill of synthetic zeolite and hydroxyapatite, followed by annealing of the resulting mixture. The characteristics of the initial aluminosilicate zeolites and hydroxyapatite were clarified by infared spectroscopy, their interaction during mechanochemical synthesis and subsequent heat treatment of composites obtained on their basis was assessed. X-ray phase analysis of the initial synthetic zeolites indicates the loss of adsorbed and crystallization water and decomposition to complex aluminosilicate oxides of calcium and sodium during heat treatment at 1000 °C. It was also found that although precipitated hydroxyapatite is structurally unstable and its phase composition depends on temperature, the behavior of the composite material obtained on its basis differs significantly during high-temperature treatment. It was proven that thermal annealing of the composite obtained by mechanosynthesis during heat treatment at 1000 °C does not lead to chemical modification of the hydroxyapatite structure and the formation of a new compound due to the introduction of zeolite. Differential thermal analysis showed an increase in the stability of the composite material relative to its individual components. The morphology of the original materials and those subjected to heat treatment was studied using scanning electron microscopy; a change in morphology during sintering was shown. Along with the study of the thermal stability of the materials, an assessment of the linear shrinkage of the samples and their microhardness was carried out. The conducted comprehensive studies made it possible to recommend composites based on precipitated hydroxyapatite, containing 15 wt.% aluminosilicate zeolites in their composition, as promising materials for further study, possessing the best functional characteristics, including strength.

Plastic-containing waste causes significant environmental pollution because it remains in nature for a long time without degrading. This waste includes polyolefin-based containers, polyethylene terephthalate water bottles and cardboard-polyethylene-aluminium beverage boxes. In recent years, important steps have begun to be taken to eliminate the environmental effects of solid waste. The goal is to reduce this waste by using it to produce new composite products. In this study, composite sheets were produced by mixing polypropylene (PP), obtained from recycled waste plastic chairs, as a polymer matrix and recycled waste Tetra Pak® boxes (TPBs) as filler in different mixing ratios. Density, thickness swelling, water absorption, flexural strength, flexural modulus, deformation at bending, tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break and hardness were determined. According to the data obtained, it was determined that as the amount of filler in the composite increased, the density, thickness swelling, water absorption, flexural modulus, tensile modulus and hardness values increased, whereas the flexural strength, deformation at bending, tensile strength and elongation at break values decreased.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of dammar resin on the mechanical properties of composite materials reinforced with corn husk and paper waste laminates. Different percentages of dammar resin (50%, 60%, and 70%) were added to the matrix while keeping the reinforcement constant. For all samples, the ratio was maintained at 40% matrix and 60% reinforcement. With the experimental results obtained, statistical analyses were conducted: two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Levene's test, Shapiro-Wilk test, and ANOVA post hoc (with Bonferroni correction). The null hypothesis stated that dammar resin does not influence the mechanical properties. For all tests considered, the null hypothesis was rejected (p < 0.05), the variances were homogeneous (p > 0.05), and the data followed a normal distribution (p > 0.05). It was found that dammar resin had a significant influence on the mechanical properties as the percentage increased from 50% to 70% (p < 0.0083). For each test, based on already known premises, an explanation of the phenomenon that could occur due to the insertion of dammar resin was provided, serving to complement and validate the statistical estimations.

The article is the third part of a multi-directional analysis of the possibilities, advisability and validity of using natural plant fibers (NPFs) as a reinforcement for polymer structural composites that can be used in the shipbuilding industry in Poland. As a result of the analysis of macroeconomic indicators and natural and non-natural factors regarding NPFs, a representative selection of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) was made as the raw material to be used to reinforce these composites. Methods and test results are presented enabling comparison of the physical and mechanical properties of the new pro-ecological construction material–hemp fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP), reinforced with fabric made of unmodified and chemically modified hemp fibers.

In this research, we were interested in studying whether vetiver fibers (VFs) treated with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) affect the mechanical properties of VF and epoxy resin (ER) composite material in a better way. As part of the experiment, VFs were treated with NaOH in various concentrations ranging from 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mol/L. All of them were molded into composite material in the ratio of 10 wt% with ER. After that, they were tested for mechanical properties such as the tensile strength, impact strength, bending strength, and compressive strength to find the best mechanical properties. In addition, the surface was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for adhesion of the VFs with ER. The results of the experiment were not as expected. We found that, increasing the concentration of vetiver treated with sodium hydroxide resulted in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the composite. The best values for impact, tensile, bending, and compressive strengths were 256.42 kJ/m2, 38.45 MPa, 43.70 MPa, and 110.27 MPa, respectively, and 0.5 mol/L is the best concentration of NaOH for mechanical strengths of the composites. Moreover, from SEM technique, it was found that the mechanical properties decreased at higher concentrations. This may be caused by damage to the VFs due to excessive NaOH corrosion and this point should be taken for further study.

To improve the interfacial properties of poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole(PBO) fiber/epoxy resin (EP)composites, the surfaces of acidified PBO fibers were coated with the sizing agents of waterborne polyurethane modified using γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(KH550). The surface chemical composition of PBO fibers was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)was employed to characterize the surface morphology of PBO fibers and the tear surface morphology of PBO/EP composites. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of single PBO fibers and PBO/EP composites were analyzed. The results show that the active groups on the surfaces of PBO fibers increase significantly with the values of O/C(atomic ratio)from 0.16 to 0.25 after being coated with the sizing agents, and the defects on the surfaces of PBO fibers can be repaired effectively. By adjusting the contents and structure of the sizing agents on the fibers, the interlaminar shear strength and tensile strength of PBO/EP unidirectional composites reach 41.3 MPa and 1.70 GPa, respectively. In contrast to the untreated ones, the interlaminar shear strength and tensile strength of modified composites increase by 44.9% and 15.6%, respectively.

Composites are increasingly being modified with various types of fillers and nanofillers. These materials have attracted much attention due to the improvement in their properties compared to traditional composite materials. In the case of advanced technologies, adding additives to the matrix has created a number of possibilities for use in many industries, from electronics to mechanics. Mechanical recycling of composites allows them to be reused as a filler in new composite materials; however, a decrease in their strength parameters is observed, and hence, new possibilities of their use are sought. The main objective of this research was to analyze the effect of the graphite content on the tribological and structural properties of composites with polyester-glass recyclate. Composite materials with 10% polyester-glass recyclate and an additive in the form of graphite in the amounts of 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% were made using the hand lamination method and their mechanical properties were verified. Then, using a universal tribometer operating in rotational motion with friction without lubrication, the influence of nanoadditives on the change in the coefficient of friction (µ) and the change in the coefficient K (the rate of a mass wear) of the obtained composites was investigated. This study showed that adding graphite in the amount of 2%, 5%, and 10% changes the nature of tribological wear of the obtained composite material. The coefficient K (mass wear rate) also changes. The addition of 10% graphite significantly changes the coefficient of friction without lubrication in a pair with a steel counter-sample.

The article presents research on the evaluation of the use of two four-layer textile composites with ZrO 2 /Al coatings of different thicknesses (deposited by magnetron sputtering PVD) with potential use in thermally insulating protective gloves designed for steelworkers, welders, or miners. The structure of the composites was analyzed using high-resolution X-ray micro-CT. The assessment of the safety of the glove user was conducted using methods in which the composites were exposed to contact heat, radiant heat, and flame heat. The results showed that both four-layer textile composites equipped with ZrO 2 /Al coatings provide effective protection against contact heat, radiant heat, and flame heat and can be successfully used in the construction of metallurgical protective gloves. Both composites achieved the first performance level (for contact heat method, for contact temperature 100 °C), the fourth performance level (for radiant heat), and the third performance level (for flame heat).

AbstractThe interface plays a crucial role in nanoparticle-reinforced composite materials. So this article presents a micromechanical model to predict the elastic and thermal properties of composites comprising nanoparticles encapsulated by an interphase. Nanoparticles are easy to agglomerate in the matrix because of their large surface area ratio. Therefore, the study focuses on the effect of nanoparticles agglomeration on the elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient (CTE). In the present study, the regions with concentrated particles are assumed to be spherical in shape and are considered as inclusions. The size efficiency factor is introduced to reflect the influence of the agglomerated inclusions diameter in the analysis. The effects of the volume fractions, radius, and agglomerated degree of nanoparticles, and also the thickness and properties of the interphase are studied in detail. The micromechanical method is used to predict the effective elastic and thermal properties of nanoparticles reinforced three-phase composites. Analysis shows that the agglomeration of nanoparticles has a significant effect on the elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of composites. The agglomeration of nanoparticles reduces the elastic modulus of the composites, but increases the thermal expansion coefficient of the composites. Increasing the thickness of the interface enhances the elastic modulus of composites, while increasing the particle radius reduces the elastic modulus of composites. Besides, the more severe the agglomeration of particles, the larger the coefficient of thermal expansion of the composites. The present study will provide a theoretical basis for the preparation and practical application of particle reinforced composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]