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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contribute to the release of microplastics into the environment. While the removal efficiency of MPs in WWTPs can reach up to 99.9 %, the highest amount of microplastics is retained in the sludge. Anaerobic digestion, one of the most promising and common processes, can help reduce sludge volume and odour, and due to the formation of biogas, mainly consisting of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), can help decrease the operating costs of WWTPs. A test measuring the inhibition of biogas production using the OxiTop® measuring system was employed to determine the effect of added microfibres (MFs) on biogas production. Particles less than 1 mm in size of polyester, polyamide, and polyacrylic, were added to anaerobic sludge at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.10 g l–1 to simulate their effect on biogas production. The yields of CH4 and CO2 produced during anaerobic digestion of the MFs-contaminated sludge were determined. The addition of MFs to sewage sludge affects methane production. The results indicated that the lowest added concentrations of 0.05 g l–1 of MFs promoted methane production, while the presence of 0.1 g l–1 decreased methane production for all types of MFs used. Polyacrylic at 0.1 g l–1 had the most negative effect on methane production (up to 27 %), while polyamide at 0.05 g l–1 reached the highest methane production (up to 25 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the dyeability of 100% polyamide (6.6) fabric which was dyed with black water that is one of the olive oil production wastes was investigated. Olive oil production waste was divided into two components, namely olive oil wastewater (black water) and pomace by using filtration. The black water obtained after filtration was used as a natural dyestuff source. Before dyeing, the polyamide (6.6) fabric was mordanted by pre- and meta-mordanting methods. Mordanting was done at various concentrations and mordanting times and also worked with aluminium sulfate, iron(II)sulfate, tannic acid and tartaric acid as mordant agents. Conventional method was used in dyeing. All stainings were dyed in 1:20 liquor ratio. 100% black water was used as dyestuff in dyeing. Color analyzes of the obtained dyeings were made and CIEL*a*b* and K/S values of dyed fabrics were examined. HPLC-DAD analyzes of dyed fabrics were also carried out and the coloring agents in olive oil waste water were examined. In addition, light fastness, washing fastness, wet and dry rubbing fastness, acidic and alkaline perspiration fastness and water spotting fastness of dyed fabrics were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Meandros Medical & Dental Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Materials & Technologies / Materiali in Tehnologije is the property of Institute of Metals & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poliamidler yüksek dayanım, iyi elektriksel ve kimyasal özelliklere sahip, hafif ve birçok türleri olan termoplastik sınıfında polimerlerdir. Sentezi bir diasit ve bir diaminin polimerleştirilmesine dayanan poliamidler, çeşitli kimyasallar sayesinde birçok farklı özelliklere sahip polimerlerin eldesine izin vermektedir. Poliamidler yüksek erime sıcaklığına ve sıcaklık artışıyla sertliğini koruma özelliğine sahip malzemelerdir. Birçok üstün özellikleri arasında yüksek sertlik, tokluk, yorgunluğa karşı mukavemet, sünme mukavemeti, alev geciktiricilik, elektriksel yalıtım, kimyasal mukavemet, aşınma mukavemeti, düşük sürtünme katsayısı, dış koşullara dayanıklılık, geniş renk yelpazesi ve işleme kolaylığı bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda, mekanik özelliklerini iyileştirmek için farklı boy ve besleme oranlarında cam elyaf takviyesi ile kompozitleri hazırlanmıştır. Poliftalamidler, yüksek ısıl dirence sahip yarı aromatik ve yarı kristalin bir malzemelerdir. Bu polimerler, sahip olduğu ısıl direnç ve düşük nem çekme özellikleriyle kimyasal bir çevrede veya yüksek sıcaklık koşullarında kullanıma uygundur. Polimer karışımları, yüksek dayanımları ve düşük yoğunlukları nedeniyle plastik endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan malzemelerdir. Aromatik poliamidler ile alifatik poliamidler karıştırıldığında işlenebilirlik artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada %50 cam elyaf takviyeli katkılı poliftalamid malzemesi ile poliamid 66 malzemesi karıştırılarak, uyumlulukları incelenecektir. Poliftalamidler ile farklı oralarda poliamid 66 karışımları ekstruzyonla harmanlanacaktır. Test örnekleri enjeksiyonla kalıplama yöntemleriyle hazırlanacak, polimerlerin besleme oranlarının, kompozitlerin mekanik, ısıl ve morfolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisi DSC ve mekanik test yöntemleriyle incelenecektir.

Copyright of Academic Platform - Journal of Engineering & Science is the property of Akademik Platform and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery constitute a large population of patients with anatomically similar incisions created under similar circumstances. Aim: Our study aimed at analysing and comparing rates of surgical site infections (SSIs) at the sternotomy sites based on the material used for skin closure of the sternal wound with special emphasis on presence of risk factors such as diabetes (glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) > 9) and obesity (body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²) in the 2 respective groups. Material and methods: This is a retrospective observational study. A total of 864 patients were included in the study. The patients were grouped into 2 groups depending on the sternal wound closure strategy used. One group consisted of patients in whom polyamide sutures were used for skin closure, while the other group comprised patients in whom skin staples were used for skin closure. Incidence of sternal wound SSIs in both groups was noted. Co-morbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus (with HbA1c > 9) and obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m²) were noted and analysed as contributory factors for SSIs. Results: Group A comprised 432 patients out of whom 42 (9.72%) had sternal wound SSIs. Group B comprised the other 432 patients of whom only 20 (4.62%) developed sternal wound SSIs. Co-morbid conditions were analysed in each group. Group A showed SSI in 22/64 (34.3%) diabetic patients, 6/28 (21.8%) obese patients and 16/22 (72.72%) with diabetes and obesity. Group B showed SSIs in 6/56 (10.715) diabetics, 4/26 (6.01%) obese and 4/24 (16.67%) with diabetes and obesity. Conclusions: By pairing staples and sutures, we observed a significantly lower incidence of total wound complications with suture than with staple closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Textile & Apparel / Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon is the property of Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The influence of nonionic and anionic surfactants on the dyeing kinetics of polyamide 6 knitting was studied in this work. The influence of surfactants on the dyeing process is presented by determining the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dyeing. Nonionic surfactants create unstable polydisperse associates which reduce the concentration of individual ionic forms of dyes in the solution, slowing down the dyeing process, with the dyeing having higher leveling. Interactions were confirmed by measuring the cloud point of nonionic surfactants and they are stronger with more hydrophobic dye and are related to the results of the studied dyeing kinetics. The anionic surfactant as a retarding agent, which behaves like a colorless dye in the studied dyeing system, makes a significant contribution even at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 g/dm3, indicating the conclusion that the surfactant concentration in a dyeing solution should be optimized by previous trials, so that the process would be efficient with high utilization of dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Croatica is the property of Acta Stomatologica Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to their high filtration efficiency and low basis weight nanofibrous filters are suitable for filtration applications. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of electrospinning parameters including polymer solution concentration (10-15 wt.%), applied voltage (15-25 kV) and tip-collector distance (7.5-12.5 cm) on the filtration efficiency of polyamide (PA) nanofibers. The morphology of the PA nanofibers was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The SEM image results indicated that the average fiber diameter of PA nanofibers was 220 nm at PA solution concentration of 12.5 wt.%, applied voltage of 20 kV, tip-collector distance of 10 cm, flow rate of 0.5 mL h-1, temperature of 25 °C and humidity of 40%. The obtained results showed that the highest quality factor and efficiency of 7.02×10-2 Pa-1 and 96% were optimal parameters for nanofibrous filters during 30 and 240 min of electrospinning time, respectively. The presented study showed that the morphology optimization of nanofibers is an effective method for improvement of filtration performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Textile & Apparel / Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon is the property of Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışmada; yün/ poliamid karışım hammaddesinden, konvansiyonel Sirospun ve iki farklı kompakt siro sistemi kullanılarak direkt olarak üretilmiş olan çift katlı ipliklerin kopma mukavemeti, düzgünsüzlük ve tüylülük özellikleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; her iki kompakt siro sistemiyle elde edilmiş ipliklerin; konvansşyonel Sirospun sisteminden elde edilen ipliklere göre, incelenen özellikler bakımından istatistiki olarak daha iyi kalite değerlerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada kullanılan iki farklı kompakt siro sisteminden üretilmiş olan iplik özellikleri arasında ise istatistiki olarak önemli farklar görülmemiştir.

Copyright of Tekstilec is the property of University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences & Engineering, Department of Textiles and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pollutants and other external factors effect the strength and service life of fishing nets. The effects of some pollutants such as heavy metals and temperature on the mesh breaking strength of knotless polyamide (PA) fishing nets were determined in this study. The PA net samples were subjected to heavy metal solutions containing Cd (Cadmium), Cu (Copper), Ni (Nickel), Hg (Mercury), Zn (Zinc), Cr (Chromium) and Pb (Lead) for 14 days at 99 °C in metal and glass containers. Also, the samples were hold on metal and glass surfaces and suspended in the air at 130 °C and 175 °C for the periods of 30 minute, 1 and 2 hours. The order of breaking strenght values of heavy metal treated samples in metal containers was found Ni> Cd>Pb> Zn> Hg>Cu> Cr, respectively, whereas the order of samples was Cr>Hg>Cu>Pb>Zn> Cd> Ni for glass containers. Regarding to the test conditions and the temperature, the breaking strenght values of samples treated with 130 °C were found significantly high (P<0.05) compared with those hold at 175 °C for both metal and glass surfaces and air suspended groups in all durations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, breaking strength, unevenness and hairiness properties of two-fold wool/ polyamide blended yarns which were produced directly by using Sirospun and two different compact siro systems were investigated. According to the test results, yarns produced by both two compact siro systems had statistically better quality properties than conventional Sirospun yarns. Statistically significant differences were not obtained between the properties of yarns produced by using two different compact siro systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology / Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the microorganism accumulation of polymethylmethacrylate and polyamide denture base materials manufactured by different companies. Materials and methods: Specimens (n=7 per group) of 3 different denture base materials (Deflex, SR-Ivocap, Meliodent), a total of 21 specimens, were prepared with dimensions of 3x10x10 mm3 according to the manufacturers' recommendation and steriled by ethylen oxide gas sterilization. Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, the most common microfilm bacteria and the most common cause of denture stomatitis, respectively, were investigated in this study. Following the Mc Farland settings of microorganisms, separate tubes with known number of microorganisms were prepared. The specimens were kept in tubes for 15 minutes and dried on sterile papers in a sterile cabinet for 30 minutes. Then, specimens were placed in tubes containing sterile water and vortexed to let the microorganisms free in sterile water. 0.01mL of contaminated water was taken using micropipette and inoculated on blood agar medium for S.mutans and SDA (saburoud dextrose agar) for C.albicans and kept in incubator for 1 day at 37 °C. Following the incubation period, colony counts were made. Results: Colony counts showed that there was not a significant difference between microorganism accumulation (S.mutans and C.albicans) on polymethylmethacrylate (SR-Ivocap ve Meliodent) and polyamide (Deflex) denture base materials. Conclusion: Polyamide denture material may be a good alternative to polymethylmetacrylate from microbiological aspect. It should be taken in to consideration that in addition to the microorganism accumulation there are parameters that needs to be considered for denture base materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Textile & Apparel / Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon is the property of Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Textiles & Engineers / Tekstil ve Mühendis is the property of Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers & Architects, Chamber of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tekstil: Journal of Textile & Clothing Technology is the property of Croatian Association of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wstęp Kryteria rejestracji artykułów medycznych w Polsce są regulowane prawem. Pomimo to na naszym rynku rejestrowane są produkty nieposiadające żadnych rekomendacji popartych badaniami naukowymi. Autor zarysowuje obecny stan wiedzy dotyczącej alloplastycznych środków wypełniających, stosowanych w powiększeniu piersi, i przedstawia dwa przypadki pacjentek, u których wystąpiły powikłania - zakażenia po zabiegach powiększających nowym preparatem Aquafilling® Bodyline. Cel Ocena zakresu i charakteru zniszczeń po zakażeniach piersi nastrzykniętych preparatem Aquafiling ® Bodyline. Materiał i metody Pierwsza pacjentka przyjęta w grudniu 2016 roku roku i kolejna w marcu 2017 roku. Obie leczone z powodu dolegliwości bólowych piersi i kończyn górnych oraz przetok ropnych obu piersi lewych. W obrębie obu piersi prawych deformacje i wyczuwalne zbiorniki płynu. W obu wypadkach badania MRI potwierdziły rozległe nacieki w obrębie tkanek miękkich obu piersi lewych i liczne, izolowane zbiorniki płynu przenikające tkanki gruczołu i mięśnie piersi prawych. Wyniki Obie pacjentki były leczone operacyjnie szerokim otwarciem obu piersi lewych z cięć pionowych i dodatkowych cięć w bruzdach podpiersiowych. Śródoperacyjne potwierdzenie ropowicy i zniszczeń mięśni piersiowych oraz przetok drążących do ogonów Spencera wymagało decyzji o leczeniu otwartym. Zastosowano paking z gazy nasączonej betadyną, który następnie kilkukrotnie wymieniano podczas zabiegów w znieczuleniu ogólnym. Po ustąpieniu wycieku ropnego rany pozostawiono do samoistnego zamknięcia. Liczne zbiorniki płynu w piersiach prawych będą wkrótce wymagały dalszych etapów leczenia. Wnioski Zakażenia po podaniu preparatu Aquafilling® Bodyline nie ograniczają się do mnogich ropni w pierwotnych miejscach wstrzyknięć, lecz prowadzą do ropowicy niszczącej mięśnie piersiowe oraz do przetok drążących ku dołom pachowym. Pomimo niemal 70 lat od czasu pierwszych prób wstrzykiwania ciał obcych w piersi, rejestrowane są wciąż nowe preparaty umożliwiające legalne procedury estetyczne osobom nieposiadającym zdolności do krytycznego myślenia. PTChPRiE powinno prowadzić aktywną edukację pacjentów. W tym celu Autor proponuje rozważyć włączenie się w nową kampanię Choosing Wisely Poland, koordynowaną przez Naczelną Izbę Lekarską. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]