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Copyright of Algerian Journal of Arid Environment (AJAE) is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bien que l'évaluation de l'inflammation bronchique, par expectoration induite, permette d'identifier différents phénotypes, chez les patients asthmatiques, il n'y a que peu d'informations sur le déterminant du pattern d'inflammation bronchique chez les patients présentant un asthme professionnel par sensibilisation. Déterminer si le pattern d'inflammation bronchique, déterminé par expectoration induite, permet de définir des phénotypes cliniques distincts. Cette étude multicentrique rétrospective a été réalisée auprès de 372 patients, présentant un asthme professionnel diagnostiqué par test d'exposition spécifique, qui étaient recrutés par le biais de la cohorte du groupe European network for Phenotypique of Ocupational Asthma. Chaque patient a bénéficié d'une expectoration induite avant et après test d'exposition spécifique. L'éosinophilie bronchique était définie par un pourcentage d'éosinophiles supérieur ou égal à 3 % dans l'expectoration induite, après test d'exposition spécifique, alors que la neutrophilie bronchique était définie par un pourcentage de neutrophiles supérieur ou égal à 76 %. Au total, 268 (72 %) et 42 patients (11 %) présentaient respectivement une éosinophilie et une neutrophilie bronchique. Les analyses de régression logistique ont mis en évidence une association entre l'éosinophilie bronchique et l'exposition aux agents de haut poids moléculaire (odds ratio [OR], 1,89 ; IC 95 % 1,18–3,04), l'asthme persistant modéré (OR, 3,17 ; IC 95 %, 1,43–7,0) et l'asthme persistant sévère (OR, 2,39 ; IC 95 %, 1,06–5,43). La neutrophilie bronchique était associée à l'âge (OR pour chaque année supplémentaire, 1,04 ; IC 95 % 1,01–1,08), au genre masculin (OR, 2,83 : IC 95 %, 1,14–6,87), à l'asthme persistant léger (OR, 3,26 ; IC 95 %, 1,24–8,88), et à la dysphonie (OR, 2,83 ; IC95 %, 1,14–6,87). La majorité des patients avec un asthme professionnel par sensibilisation présentait une éosinophilie bronchique post-test d'exposition spécifique. L'éosinophilie et la neutrophilie, dans les expectorations induites, permettaient de définir des phénotypes cliniques différents, notamment en termes de sévérité et selon l'agent causal. Although the non-invasive assessment of airway inflammation through the induced sputum (IS) technique identified distinct asthma phenotypes, there is few information on the determinants of airway inflammatory pattern in sensitizer-induced occupational asthma (OA). To investigate whether the pattern of airway inflammation in IS is associated with distinct clinical phenotypes of OA. This retrospective multicentric study was conducted among 372 patients with OA confirmed by a positive specific inhalation challenge (SIC) who were recruited in the European network for the Phenotyping of OCupational Asthma cohort (2006–2018). Each patient underwent an analysis of IS before and 24 hours after the SIC. Sputum eosinophilia and neutrophilia were defined by the presence of ≥ 3% eosinophils and ≥ 76% neutrophils in sputum samples collected after the SIC. In total, 268 (72%) and 42 patients (11%) exhibited sputum eosinophilia and neutrophilia, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that eosinophilia was associated with exposure to a high molecular weight agent (odds ratio [OR], 1.89; 95% CI, 1.18–3.04), moderate asthma (OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1,43–7.0) and severe asthma (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.06–5.43). Sputum neutrophilia was associated with age (OR for each additional year, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08), male gender (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1,21–6.8), mild asthma (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.24–8.88), and dysphonia (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.14–6.87). Sputum eosinophilia post-SIC was predominant in OA patients. Sputum eosinophilia and neutrophilia were associated with distinct clinical phenotypes of OA, especially in terms of causal agents and asthma severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breeding the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) for climate change requires multidisciplinary and collaborative research by nature: indeed - besides genetics and structural and functional genomics - almost all disciplines related to life sciences are involved. Research work also relies on the identification of genetic variation in the strategies of response to stress developed by the plant: this implies the exploration of resources provided by natural variation, germplasm collections, selected genitors from breeding programs together with material of interest collected from smallholders. The phenotyping of selected plant material under biotic/abiotic stress will involve new methods for high-throughput phenotyping and genomic approaches will be followed for the identification of genes underlying the variation of traits which will be used as selection targets. Also, improvements in understandinghow climate change may influence chemical and physical processes in soils, how this may affect nutrient availability, and how the plant responds to changed availability of nutrients will also influence oil palm breeding programs. Molecular approaches and tools have great potential to optimize patterns of plant breeding, especially for perennial species. In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in molecular resources and methods aimed at identifying polymorphisms which control the traits of interest and exploring the mechanisms linking these polymorphisms to phenotypes. With genomic resources becoming increasingly available for the oil palm (sequencing, resequencing and chips development) the exploration of the genetic basis of complex traits such as oil yield or resistance to disease is now possible. Consequently the availability and sharing of such a large amount of data is currently reshapingmost of oil palm breeding strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé La pharmacogenetique se définit comme l’étude des variations interindividuelles, d’origine génétique, de réponse aux médicaments. Cette discipline a pour but de comprendre et surtout de prévenir l’apparition d’effets indésirables ou d’inefficacité thérapeutique survenant chez certains individus lors de la prise de doses standards de médicaments. À ce titre, la pharmacogénétique a pour but ultime l’individualisation des traitements médicamenteux, tant en termes d’efficacité que de sécurité d’emploi. Par extension, la toxicogénétique peut-être considérée comme une sous-discipline de la pharmacogénétique puisque restreinte au champ de la toxicité aiguë ou chronique, qui concerne cependant non seulement les médicaments, mais également l’ensemble des xénobiotiques auxquels l’homme est exposé. De nombreux polymorphismes génétiques, affectant les gènes codant pour des enzymes, des transporteurs, des cibles pharmacologiques ou encore des xenosensors, ont été décrits et leurs conséquences sur la biodisponibilité et l’effet d’un grand nombre de xénobiotiques ont été élucidées. Après un rappel des concepts généraux et des méthodes d’étude, quelques exemples d’applications médicales de la pharmaco-toxicogénétique permettront d’illustrer l’intérêt de cette discipline pour la prise en charge thérapeutique des patients, ainsi que son développement dans d’autres champs de la médecine tels que la toxicologie médicolégale. Summary Pharmacogenetics is defined as the study of interin-dividual variability, of genetic origin, in drug response. The aim of this discipline is to better understand and, furthermore, to predict the occurrence of inadequate response (adverse effects or therapeutic failure) to standard dosages of drugs in certain individuals. In this context, the ultimate goal of pharmacogenetics is the individualization of drug treatments, both in terms of efficacy and safety. By extension, toxicogenetics can be considered as a sub-discipline of pharmacogenetics, being restricted to the field of acute or chronic toxicity of drugs, but also of all xenobiotics to which humans are exposed. Numerous polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolising enzymes, trans-porters, pharmacological targets or even xenosensors have been described and their consequences on the disposition and effects of a substantial number of xenobiotics have been elucidated. After presentation of general aspects and associated methodologies, a few examples of current medical applications of pharmaco/toxicogenetics will illustrate the relevance of this discipline for patient-tailored drug therapy, as well as its development in other medical areas, such as forensic toxicology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the genus Populus is one of the favourite objects for research of molecular genetics of woody plants. A high growth rate and the broadly applicable timber as raw material for different types of products made of wood make poplar attractive for industrial usage. Despite the positive aspect of its growth capacity and wood composition, one major problem in cultivating fast-growing tree species in a forestry plantation system is the comparably high water demand of the plants. In this context, a rapid development of an efficient adventitious root system from dormant hardwood cuttings is an essential requirement for the successful establishment of short-rotation cultures. It reduces the establishment costs of plantations, and the developing plant can be transferred into favourable conditions due to varying environmental conditions. Results of greenhouse pot and soil-column experiments on the development of shoots and adventitious roots from hardwood cuttings of seven hybrid poplar cultivars and the reaction of the plants performance on varying water availability will be presented. We estimated root and shoot length, root and shoot growth and biomass accumulation over time, root-to-shoot length ratio, and root morphological traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Douleur et Analgésie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Obésité is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study was to establish the phenotypical and molecular patterns of clinical isolates of Trichophyton tonsurans circulating in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, 25 T. tonsurans strains isolated from independent cases of tinea capitis in children were phenotypically evaluated regarding their macro- and micro-morphological characteristics, vitamin requirements, urease production, and antifungal susceptibility. The molecular characterization was carried out with random amplified polymorphic DNA molecular markers and M13 fingerprinting. The presence of the genes CarbM14, Sub2, CER, URE, ASP, PBL, and LAC, which encode enzymes related to fungal virulence, was also evaluated. Finally, melanin production was assessed through specific staining. The data obtained demonstrated that these T. tonsurans strains have considerable phenotypical variation, although they showed a low degree of genetic polymorphism according to the markers used. The genes CarbM14, Sub2, CER, and URE were detected in all the analyzed strains. The gene LAC was also identified in all the strains, and melanin synthesis was phenotypically confirmed. The strains were susceptible to antifungals, especially itraconazole (GM = 0.06 μg/mL) and ketoconazole (GM = 0.24 μg/mL). Therefore, T. tonsurans strains can present great phenotypical heterogeneity, even in genetically similar isolates. Moreover, the presence of the LAC gene indicates the possible participation of melanin in the pathogenesis of these dermatophytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Typing methods are essential to understand the epidemiology of bacterial infections. Strain typing is important for the detection of sources or routes of infections, identification between endemic and epidemic strains and prevention of transmission between patients. Some Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic-fibrosis strains could not be typed with conventional typing methods. Due to the diverse phenotypic nature of P. aeruginosa, phenotyping methods are not discriminatory enough to identify strains belonging to the same genotype. Thus, molecular typing methods are required. These methods should be applied when data from phenotypic typing analysis becomes ambiguous, such as in cystic fibrosis. Molecular typing methods, developed over the past decade, are highly discriminatory in capacity and reproducibility. However, they are more likely applied in specialized laboratories since they are expensive and increase the workload. A reliable and low-cost typing system is required for better defining the epidemiology of this pathogen and designing more rational policies of infection control. Comparison between typing methods will pinpoint the limits and effectiveness of each method and will improve in turn the choice of a nonspecialized laboratory in terms of simplicity, time and cost. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the present study, 87 Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from milk samples of 87 cows with mastitis in 6 different municipal districts of 2 regions of São Paulo State, Brazil, were compared pheno and genotypically. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of the strains was performed, and PCR was carried out to detect genes for a number of staphylococcal cell surface proteins, exoproteins, and 3 classes of agr genes. Nine distinct S. aureus lineages (LA–LI) were identified by PFGE. The lineages LA and LE, which accounted together for 63 strains (72.2%), were prevalent and had been collected from all of the 6 municipal districts, indicating a broad geographic distribution of these lineages; LB, LC, LD, LF, LG, LH, and LI, however, were isolated sporadically and accounted for 24 strains (27.8%). Some characteristics, like penicillin resistance and the presence of cap8 and agr class II genes, were associated with the prevalent lineages (LA and LE), and penicillin susceptibility and the presence of cna and cap5 genes were associated with sporadic lineages. According to the present results, some S. aureus lineages possess a combination of genes that confer the propensity to cause and disseminate infection, and only a limited number of clones are responsible for the cases of bovine mastitis on the various farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mivacurium and succinylcholine are short-acting neuromuscular blocking drugs. The duration of their action depends on their rapid hydrolysis by plasma cholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase. More than thirty genetic variants of this enzyme have been described but the atypical variant is the most frequently involved in prolonged apnoea following the administration of these two myorelaxants. We present one case of patient who presented a five hours long apnoea associated with null cholinesterase activity and detection of a butyrylcholinesterase silent variant (Sil-1, 1 for 100 000 persons in population) after sequencing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

For all major crops, sizeable genebanks are maintained across the world and serve as repositories of genetic diversity and key sources of novel traits used in breeding. Although molecular markers have been used to characterize diversity in a broad sense, the most common approach to exploring these resources has been through phenotypic characterization of subsets of these large collections. With the advent of affordable large-scale genotyping technologies and the increasing body of candidate genes for traits of interest, we argue here that it is time for a paradigm shift in the way that we explore and exploit these considerable and highly useful resources. By combining dense genotypic information in and around candidate genes, it is possible to classify accessions based on their haplotype, something approximating the actual alleles at these genes of interest.

Introduction Au CNTS de Lomé, la délivrance des produits sanguins labiles selon la compatibilité des antigènes ABO et D. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer le taux de transfusions incompatibles dans les systèmes RH et Kell. Patients et méthode Étude transversale du 17 juin au 31 juillet 2013 chez des patients du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé, candidats à la transfusion de CGR, et sur les CGR à transfuser. Le phénotypage a été fait sur plaque d’opaline avec les réactifs anti-E, anti-e, anti-C, anti-c et anti-K. Les données recueillies ont été analysées avec les logiciels Excel et Epi-info avec calcul de fréquence des antigènes et des phénotypes Rh et Kell. Résultats Les receveurs de CGR étaient en majorité des femmes (sex-ratio = 1,38). Ils étaient en majorité jeunes avec un âge moyen de 16 ans (IC à 95 % = [1–33,52 ans]). Les antigènes e (100 %) et c (98,40 %) étaient plus fréquents par rapport aux antigènes C (18,27 %) et E (16,99 %). La fréquence de l’antigène K était de 0,96 % ( n = 3) sur les CGR et 0 % chez les candidats à la transfusion. Nous avons identifié 8 phénotypes RH dont les principaux étaient ce (66,99 %), Cce (15,71 %) et cEe (14,74 %). Sur les 312 transfusions, 89 (28,53 %) étaient incompatibles dont 86 dans le système RH (dont 43 cas avec C et 35 cas avec E) et 3 dans le système Kell. Conclusion Le phénotypage RH-Kell doit devenir partie intégrante de la qualification biologique des dons pour les receveurs nécessitant du sang phénotypé. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]