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Quasi‐two‐dimensional (Q‐2D) Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) perovskites are rapidly developed for photoelectric device applications due to their unique multiple quantum‐well structures and adjustable photoelectric properties. Here, a three‐in‐one multifunctional photoelectric device that integrates photovoltaic (PV), electroluminescence (EL), and photodetection performance based on Q‐2D perovskite, which has not yet been reported, is explored and realized. As a solar cell (SC) mode under standard air mass 1.5G illumination, the optimal device has a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.36%; as a light emitting diode (LED) mode under forward bias, the optimal device emits red light at 753 nm and achieves an EL external quantum efficiency (EQEEL) of 0.42%; as a photodetector (PD) mode under a pulsed laser (660 nm), the optimal device exhibits superior weak‐light detection, with a linear dynamic range (LDR) improvement as wide as 161.8 dB, a high detectivity (D*) of 7.88 × 1012 Jones, a fast rise/fall time of 19.1/35.2 µs and excellent stability. This work is of great significance to enrich the physical connotation and comprehensively improve the use efficiency of the multifunctional device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid, energy‐efficient, scalable preparation of high‐strength, flexible, multifunctional nanostructured aerogels is highly desired yet challenging. Here, an ambient‐pressure‐dried (APD) strategy is developed involving self‐foaming, dip‐coating, and graphene oxide (GO)‐assisted multiple cross‐linking treatments for the prompt, large‐area preparation of polyurea/transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) aerogels. The APD MXene‐based aerogels showcase low density, remarkable mechanical strength, and ultraflexiblity involving stretchability, good conductivity, hydrophobicity, and high resistance to various solvents. Synergies of robust, elastic cell walls and porous structure contribute to high‐efficiency absorption of high‐frequency, high‐speed mechanical shock waves for the aerogels, significantly transcendinging the biomasses, plastics, elastomers, ceramics, and metals. In addition to the excellent microwave shielding performance of over 40 dB in ultrabroadband frequencies of 4–40 GHz, the oxidation stability is elevated for APD MXene aerogels, consequently yielding applicability in harsh conditions. Furthermore, the superior light absorption capability of aerogels leads to the efficient photothermal conversion, therapy, antibacterial, desalination, water purification, deicing, and thick oil absorption. This work provides a facile, time‐ and energy‐efficient, scalable APD methodology for manufacturing large‐area, high‐strength, ultraflexible, multifunctional MXene‐based aerogels, enlighting a novel synergistic defense against mechanical shock and electromagnetic waves, and promoting them as a prospective candidate in aerospace, device protection, and next‐generation electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing natural cotton textiles in personal thermal management applications is of great significance for defending human against adverse climate conditions. However, the intrinsic low optical energy conservation of cotton in terms of human mid-infrared radiation and solar spectrum prevents it from realizing high-efficient thermal retention. Herein, by leveraging a facile technique involving polydopamine (PDA)-assisted ion deposition, we firmly embed silver nanoparticles onto cotton fibers, creating silver-nanoprocessed cotton fabrics (Ag-fabric) with high human mid-infrared reflectivity and superior water/wear resistance. Meanwhile, the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of the PDA and silver nanoparticles contributes to high solar spectrum absorptivity. The as-prepared Ag-fabric demonstrates nearly 2 °C higher temperature compared to unadorned cotton fabrics due to enhanced human mid-infrared radiation, and the outdoor tests show a temperature increase of average 8 °C when covering artificial skin. Moreover, the uniformly distributed silver nanoparticles on hierarchically assembled cotton fibers endow the Ag-fabric with desirable Joule heating performance (~ 40.7 °C at 1 V), self-cleaning capacity, and antibacterial properties, while maintaining breathability and comfort. These merits of the Ag-fabric present promising advantages to transfer natural cotton into commercially available thermal management wearables and eco-textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous composites possess distinctive structural features and performance advantages, making them promising for applications in various domains such as sensing, energy storage, and acoustics. A simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly method was employed to prepare porous polyurea materials, which were then modified with graphene nanosheets. The resulting graphene/polyurea porous composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties, with a 35.04% increase in tensile strength at a graphene content of 5 wt%. These composites exhibited exceptional multifunctionality, achieving a specific capacitance of 35.74 F/g when used as capacitor electrodes. Additionally, they displayed high sensitivity to resistance and capacitance changes under various mechanical loads, such as tensile, torsional, and bending stresses, with a resistance change rate of 57.72% under 180-degree torsion, highlighting their potential as resistive and capacitive sensors. Compared to traditional materials, the multifunctional composites maintained a resistance change rate below 40% and a capacitance retention rate above 95.07% after 10,000 cycles, underscoring their durability and reliability. Moreover, the developed graphene/polyurea porous composites exhibited good corrosion resistance and an impressive sound absorption rate of 30.68% for high-decibel noise, reducing environmental limitations for their applications. These properties position the composite as a durable, high-sensitivity, multifunctional material with significant potential in sensing, energy storage, and noise reduction applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) often evolves into chronic wounds that resist healing over an extended period, sometimes necessitating amputation in severe cases. Traditional wound management approaches generally fail to control these chronic sores successfully. Thus, it arouses a huge demand in clinic for a novel wound dressing to treat DFU effectively. Hydrogel as an ideal delivery system exhibits excellent loading capacity and sustainable release behavior. It also boasts tunable physical and chemical properties adaptable to diverse biomedical scenarios, making it a suitable material for fabricating functional wound dressings to treat DFU. The hydrogel dressings are classified into hemostatic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, and healing-promoting hydrogel dressings by associating the pathogenesis of DFU in this paper. The design and fabrication strategies for the dressings, as well as their therapeutic effects in treating DFU, are extensively reviewed. Additionally, this paper highlights future perspectives of multifunctional hydrogel dressings in DFU treatment. This review aims to provide valuable references for material scientists to design and develop hydrogel wound dressings with enhanced capabilities for DFU treatment, and to further translate them into the clinic in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of eco-friendly electroactive nanomaterials has attracted great attention in recent years. Here, a biogenic piezoelectric and fluorescent nanocomposite was designed and fabricated. Cellulose nanorods (CNRs) were first modified with polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized carbon dots (CDs) with dual-band green/yellow photoluminescence (PL). The CD-modified CNRs were incorporated into an electrospun poly-(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber with a piezo-phase alignment. CDs with an amino-rich polymeric chain not only enhanced the crystallinity of the CNRs but also mediated flexible linking between the CNRs and PVA matrix, which facilitated a large-scale preferential alignment of the CNRs in the nanofibers. The piezoelectric output voltage of the composite was improved two times through introduction of the CDs. Furthermore, the inhomogeneous distribution of the dual-emissive CDs in the nanofiber endowed the composite film with a unique thickness-dependent fluorescent chromic behavior. An information encryption was also realized owing to the structural-sensitive fluorescence of the composite film, which showed the high potential of the multifunctional nanocomposite in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a dual-functional terahertz device based on the Dirac semimetal, serving as both a sensing element and a band-pass filter. The device's operating mode can switch between these two functions by utilizing the phase transition property of vanadium dioxide (VO2). When VO2 is in the insulating state, the device functions as a sensing element. The simulation results demonstrate an impressive refractive index sensitivity of 374.40 GHz/RIU (Refractive Index Unit). When VO2 is in the metallic state, the device functions as a band-pass filter, exhibiting a center frequency of 2.01 THz and a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 0.91 THz. The integration of these dual functionalities within a single terahertz device enhances its utility in both sensing and filtering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctions are discrete functions defined on a finite set and returning as their values all subsets of the considered set. The paper considers the classification of multifunctions defined on a two-element set with respect to the E-closure operator. E-closed sets of multifunctions are sets that are closed under superposition, the closure operator with branching by the equality predicate, the identification of variables, and the addition of dummy variables. The concept of separating sets was introduced using a greedy algorithm for the set covering problem, and 22 classes of separating sets were obtained. It is shown that the classification under consideration leads to a finite set of closed classes. The work describes all 359 E-closed classes of multifunctions, among which there are 138 pairs of dual classes and 83 self-dual classes. For each class consisting only of multifunctions, its generating system is indicated.

Multifunctional integration is the basic feature of artificial superhydrophobic coatings widely used in many fields. This paper presents a simple and economical experimental method to prepare a super hydrophobic coating with super strong corrosion resistance by spraying a mixed solution composed of epoxy resin (EP) as the base, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), sericite (SER), nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) and octadecyl trimethoxysilane (ODTMS) on an aluminum substrate. Firstly, the superhydrophobic property of the coating prepared in this experiment is better than that of the ordinary coating, and its contact angle reaches 167.3° and rolling angle is as low as 2.7°. Secondly, the superhydrophobic coating can not only maintain the superhydrophobic property in harsh environment (such as: soaking in boiling water for 10 hours, soaking in acid, alkali and salt solution for 7 days, high temperature, burning and strong ultraviolet irradiation, etc.), but also can withstand a variety of mechanical damage without losing the superhydrophobic property (such as: 1000 sandpaper wear cycles, 100 tape stripping cycles and 1000 g grit sustained impact). In addition, the excellent non-wettability of superhydrophobic coating can make it have excellent performance in the field of selfcleaning and anti-fouling. It is worth mentioning that the electrochemical workstation experiment proved that the coating also has good corrosion resistance, and the anticorrosion efficiency reached 99.924%. This strong superhydrophobic coating has many functions, such as self-cleaning, antifouling and corrosion prevention, and will have good application prospects in many fields in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To satisfy the service requirements of wave-absorbing materials in harsh environments, it is important to design and manufacture corrosion-resistant composite-absorbing materials. According to the strategy of impedance matching and the dissipation behaviour of nickel-based alloys, AlN ceramics, and MAX-phase Ti 3 SiC 2 multicomponent composite-regulated materials were studied. As an additive manufacturing technology, multilevel heterointerface composites with core–shell structures were obtained by laser cladding. The construction of a unique core–shell structure of a metal–ceramic and ceramic (core)–ceramic (shell) multi-level heterogeneous interface increased the interfacial relaxation and multiple dissipation and improved the impedance matching. The results enabled the N20M3 cladding coating to exhibit excellent microwave absorption characteristics, with a reflection loss of −32.84 dB at the ultra-thin thickness of 1.8 mm. Additionally, the composites exhibited excellent corrosion resistance, high hardness, and relatively good resistance to erosion wear. This work promotes the durability of wave-absorbing materials under severe conditions, as well as the integration of the efficient manufacturing of wave-absorbing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium metal, with ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity, is considered as an ideal anode material for the lithium‐ion batteries. However, its practical application is severely plagued by the uncontrolled formation of dendritic Li. Here, a cation‐loaded porous Mg2+‐Zeolite layer is proposed to enable the dendrite‐free deposition on the surface of Li metal anode. The skeleton channels of zeolite provide the low coordinated Li+‐solvation groups, leading to the faster desolvation process at the interface. Meanwhile, anions‐involved solvation sheath induces a stable, inorganic‐rich SEI, contributing to the uniform Li+ flux through the interface. Furthermore, the co‐deposition of sustained release Mg2+ realizes a new faster migration pathway, which proactively facilitates the uniform diffusion of Li on the lithium substrate. The synergistic modulation of these kinetic processes facilitates the homogeneous Li plating/stripping behavior. Based on this synergistic mechanism, the high‐efficiency deposition with cyclic longevity exceeding 2100 h is observed in the symmetric Li/Li cell with Mg2+‐Zeolite modified anode at 1 mA cm−2. The pouch cell matched with LiFePO4 cathode fulfills a capacity retention of 88.4% after 100 cycles at a severe current density of 1 C charge/discharge. This synergistic protective mechanism can give new guidance for realizing the safe and high‐performance Li metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a class of metrics which are equivalent to the Hausdorff metric in some sense to establish the well-posedness of fixed point problems associated with multifunctions of metric spaces, satisfying various generalized contraction conditions. Examples are provided to justify the applicability of new results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this article is to introduce a global version of continuity of multifunctions. Such a family of multifunctions is called uniformly continuous. Equivalent characterizations and various interesting properties of uniformly continuous multifunctions are studied in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centered on "unveiling the magical potential of titanium", this experiment commenced by employing electrochemical anodization to craft vibrant titanium oxide (TiO2) films. By meticulously adjusting applied voltages, electrolytes, and anodization durations, we achieved precise control over the coloration of these films, showcasing the captivating visual allure of chemistry. Subsequent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy elucidated the composition of these intriguing layers, confirming their pure and non-toxic nature as titanium dioxide. Detailed discussions ensued regarding the refinement of oxide film quality processes and the adoption of environmentally friendly cycling techniques. Furthermore, we explored the application of anodized TiO2 films in dye wastewater treatment and NaCl corrosion resistance tests, unveiling their multifaceted capabilities encompassing degradation, antibacterial properties, and corrosion resistance. This endeavor underscores the beauty of applied chemistry. Finally, we devised a multifaceted science popularization plan aimed at disseminating knowledge to audiences of diverse backgrounds, dispelling concerns regarding the safety of titanium-colored film layers, and enabling participants to fully appreciate the enchantment of chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a rising demand for low-cost, high-information-capacity optical signal processing. The number of devices is limited of performing different Boolean functions using a single unit. In the current manuscript, six basic logic gates, including OR, XOR, NAND, AND, NOR, and XNOR, are implemented in a single unit utilizing all-optical silicon microring resonator. At first, three microring resonators are used to get the AND, XOR and NOR logic functions. Then, beam combiners are used to get the OR, NAND and XNOR functions from AND, XOR, and NOR functions. In MATLAB, the suggested design is numerically simulated to verify the functions at an operational speed of nearly 260 Gbps. The required pump power for switching is only 1.95 mW for microring resonator based switch which is very less comparatively. Also, some performance parameters like "extinction ratio", "contrast ratio", "amplitude modulation", "on–off ratio", and "quality factor" are evaluated. To design the circuit practically, optimized parameters of the circuits have been selected. The obtained values of "extinction ratio" and "contrast ratio" are 14.97 dB and 19.03 dB, respectively. The value of AM is 0.17 dB which is less than 1 dB. The on–off ratio of the MRR is 35.10 dB which is much higher than expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of aqueous zinc (Zn) chemistry energy storage with high rate‐capability and long serving life is a great challenge due to its inhospitable coordination environment and dismal interfacial chemistry. To bridge this big gap, herein, we build a highly reversible aqueous Zn battery by taking advantages of the biomass‐derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) electrolyte additive with unique physical and chemical characteristics simultaneously. The CNCs additive not only serves as fast ion carriers for enhancing Zn2+ transport kinetics but regulates the coordination environment and interface chemistry to form dynamic and self‐repairing protective interphase, resulting in building ultra‐stable Zn anodes under extreme conditions. As a result, the engineered electrolyte system achieves a superior average coulombic efficiency of 97.27 % under 140 mA cm−2, and steady charge–discharge for 982 h under 50 mA cm−2, 50 mAh cm−2, which proposes a universal pathway to challenge aqueous Zn chemistry in green, sustainable, and large‐scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural-drying graphene aerogel (GA) with hierarchical porous framework architecture has been prepared, providing excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties. When used as electrode material for supercapacitors, GA achieves excellent capacitance of 240 F g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1. Also, GA can provide a high energy density of 21.0 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 79 W kg−1. In addition, an iontronic capacitive pressure sensing based on PVA-H2SO4//graphene aerogel//PVA-H2SO4 sandwich structure has been developed. The iontronic capacitive sensor exhibits high capacitive response, outstanding sensitivity (0.54 kPa−1), fast response time (120 ms), and remarkable cyclic stability (1000 cycles). Additionally, the theoretical analysis based on pressure sensing and energy storage indicates that compressive strain and initial energy density are closely related to sensitivity, while the simulation illustrates that compressive strain and initial energy density exhibit a positive influence on achieving high sensitivity. In application, the multifunctional device demonstrates high potential in wearable energy storage and sensor electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we analysed the validity of a type of Borsuk-Ulam theorem for multimaps between surfaces. We developed an algebraic technique involving braid groups to study this problem for n-valued maps. As a first application we described when the Borsuk-Ulam theorem holds for split and non-split multimaps ϕ : X ⊸ Y in the following two cases: (i) X is the 2-sphere equipped with the antipodal involution and Y is either a closed surface or the Euclidean plane; (ii) X is a closed surface different from the 2-sphere equipped with a free involution τ and Y is the Euclidean plane. The results are exhaustive and in the case (ii) are described in terms of an algebraic condition involving the first integral homology group of the orbit space X / τ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets have attracted widespread interest in the construction of advanced separation membranes. However, dense stacking and a single functionality have limited the membrane development. Here, an advanced two-/three-dimensional (2D/3D) g-C3N4/TiO2@MnO2 membrane is constructed by intercalating 3D TiO2@MnO2 nanostructures into g-C3N4 nanosheets. The 3D flower-like nanostructures broaden the transport channels of the composite membrane. The membrane can effectively separate five oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, with a maximum flux of 3265.67 ± 15.01 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and a maximum efficiency of 99.69% ± 0.45% for toluene-in-water emulsion (T/W). Meanwhile, the TiO2@MnO2 acts as an excellent electron acceptor and provides positive spatial separation of electrons–holes (e−–h+). The formation of 2D/3D heterojunctions allows the material with wider light absorption and smaller bandgap (2.10 eV). These photoelectric properties give the membrane good degradation of three different pollutants, with about 100% degradation for methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG). The photocatalytic antibacterial efficiency of the membrane is also about 100%. After cyclic experiment, the membrane maintains its original separation and photocatalytic capabilities. The remarkable multifunctional and self-cleaning properties of the g-C3N4 based membrane represent its potential value for complex wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accelerated arriving of 5G era has brought a new round of intelligent transformation which will completely emancipate smart terminal devices. While the subsequent deleterious effect of electromagnetic wave on electronic devices is increasingly serious, driving the growth of next-generation electromagnetic wave absorbents. As a tactful combination of components and structures, three-dimensional (3D) macroscopic absorbents with fascinating synergy afford exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption, and tremendous efforts have been devoted to this investigation. However, in terms of macroscopic absorbents and their synergistic effect, few reviews are proposed to comb the latest achievements and detailed synergy. This review article focuses on the synergistic effect of macro-architectured absorbents mainly including structure-induced synergy, structure-components synergy, and multiple-components induced synergy. And then the potential construction principles and strategies of macroscopic absorbents are combed. Significantly, the key information for structures and components manipulation including nano-micro design and components regulation is further dissected by critically selected cutting-edge 3D macroscopic absorbents. Moreover, a brief summary of multifunctional electromagnetic wave absorbents (EWAs)-based macroscopic structures is presented. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of these materials are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound management heavily relies on the vital contribution of wound dressings, emphasizing the significance of finding an ideal dressing that can fulfill the intricate requirements of the wound healing process with multiple functions. A promising strategy is combining several materials and therapies to create multifunctional wound dressings. Nanocomposite hydrogel dressings based on nanomaterials, combining the advantages of nanomaterials and hydrogels in wound treatment, can significantly improve their respective performance and compensate for their shortcomings. A variety of nanocomposite wound dressings with diverse structures and synergistic functions have been developed in recent years, achieving ideal results in wound management applications. In this review, the multiple functions, advantages, and limitations of hydrogels as wound dressings are first discussed. Additionally, the application of inorganic nanomaterials in wound healing is also elaborated on. Furthermore, we focused on summarizing and analyzing nanocomposite hydrogel dressings for wound healing, which contain various inorganic nanomaterials, including metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, carbon-based nanomaterials, and silicon-based nanoparticles. Finally, prospects for nanocomposite hydrogel wound dressings are envisaged, providing insights for further research in wound management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system with interleaved inverter using a hybrid approach is presented in the paper. Generally, high deviation of DC voltage causes severe damage to the grid-linked system generate power quality issues. Therefore, a hybrid technique called LA-HBO, which is a combination of Lichtenberg optimization algorithm (LA) and heap-based optimizer, is proposed. The proposed method works with the interleaved inverter to realize a multifunctional operation and improve the power quality efficiency of the system. Here, LA techniques improve the power generated from PV and self-charging of the DC-link voltage control loop. The reference current signal is generated through the self-charging DC-link voltage control loop to eliminate the power quality issues. The double band hysteresis current controller generated a minimum switching frequency to provide low switching losses. A MATLAB platform is utilized to implement the proposed system, and the performance of the system is compared with other existing techniques. The test result validated that the proposed system can able to perform multilevel functions and produce power with high quality compared to other techniques. The value for the THD that achieves the proposed hybrid technique is 21.22%. The elapsed time of the proposed hybrid technique is 2.09 seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose aerogels have great prospects for noise reduction applications due to their sustainable value and superior 3D interconnected porous structures. The drying principle is a crucial factor in the preparation process for developing high-performance aerogels, particularly with respect to achieving high acoustic absorption properties. In this study, multifunctional cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) aerogels were conveniently prepared using two distinct freeze-drying principles: refrigerator conventional freezing (RCF) and liquid nitrogen unidirectional freezing (LnUF). The results indicate that the rapid RCF process resulted in a denser CNC aerogel structure with disordered larger pores, causing a stronger compressive performance (Young's modulus of 40 kPa). On the contrary, the LnUF process constructed ordered structures of CNC aerogels with a lower bulk density (0.03 g/cm3) and smaller apertures, resulting in better thermal stability, higher diffuse reflection across visible light, and especially increased acoustic absorption performance at low–mid frequencies (600–3000 Hz). Moreover, the dissipation mechanism of sound energy in the fabricated CNC aerogels is predicted by a designed porous media model. This work not only paves the way for optimizing the performance of aerogels through structure control, but also provides a new perspective for developing sustainable and efficient acoustic absorptive materials for a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lithium metal, with ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity, is considered as an ideal anode material for the lithium‐ion batteries. However, its practical application is severely plagued by the uncontrolled formation of dendritic Li. Here, a cation‐loaded porous Mg2+‐Zeolite layer is proposed to enable the dendrite‐free deposition on the surface of Li metal anode. The skeleton channels of zeolite provide the low coordinated Li+‐solvation groups, leading to the faster desolvation process at the interface. Meanwhile, anions‐involved solvation sheath induces a stable, inorganic‐rich SEI, contributing to the uniform Li+ flux through the interface. Furthermore, the co‐deposition of sustained release Mg2+ realizes a new faster migration pathway, which proactively facilitates the uniform diffusion of Li on the lithium substrate. The synergistic modulation of these kinetic processes facilitates the homogeneous Li plating/stripping behavior. Based on this synergistic mechanism, the high‐efficiency deposition with cyclic longevity exceeding 2100 h is observed in the symmetric Li/Li cell with Mg2+‐Zeolite modified anode at 1 mA cm−2. The pouch cell matched with LiFePO4 cathode fulfills a capacity retention of 88.4% after 100 cycles at a severe current density of 1 C charge/discharge. This synergistic protective mechanism can give new guidance for realizing the safe and high‐performance Li metal batteries.

With the development of intelligent protective wearable equipment, flexible materials with impact resistance have become a focus of attention. Shear stiffening gel (SSG) is a flexible smart material that can perceive external force loads and generate mechanical responses, boasting exceptional properties like fast response, adaptability, and self-healing. Since the SSG can absorb a large amount of energy during dynamic impact, it shows remarkable advantages for safety protection applications. During the past decade, there has been strong interests in the research community on the SSG composites and their various applications in cutting-edge fields. In this review, we summarize the recent research achievements of SSG composite, by focusing on the improved properties, enhanced functions, and manifold structures. Meanwhile, we also discuss the practical applications of SSG composite in battery protection, vibration control, intelligent sensing, wearable safety protection, and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Finally, we propose the prospects and challenges for the further development and application of SSG composite in the future.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material is the most effective solution to protect electronic devices and human health from the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation. The study of EMI shielding materials is intensifying in the constantly developing picture of the fourth industrial revolution. Many EMI shielding materials based on metal, carbon, emerging MXene materials, and their composites have been discovered to utilize the EMI shielding performance. However, a huge demand for compact and multi-functional devices requires the integration of new functions into EMI shielding materials. Multifunctional EMI shielding materials perform multiple functions beyond their main function of EMI shielding in a system due to their specific properties. The additional functions can either naturally exist or be specially engineered. This review summarizes the recent progress of cutting-edge multifunctional EMI shielding materials. The possibility of combining multifunction EMI shielding materials, such as strain sensing, humidity sensing, temperature sensing, thermal management, etc., and the difficulties in balancing EMI shielding performance with other functions are also discussed. Lastly, we point out challenges and propose future directions to develop research on multifunctional EMI shielding materials.

Highlights An ingenious design achieved magnetic-dielectric-carbon coupling. Nickel and manganese oxide particles were in situ reduced and grew on the carbon aerogels. The aerogels demonstrated radar stealth, infrared stealth and thermal management capability.

In order to detect Ag+ and Hg2+ in seawater, we explored a multifunctional fluorescence sensor. A multifunctional Ag+ and Hg2+ sensor was designed by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as quenching agent, PicoGreen dye as fluorescent probe of base pairing double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and combining the characteristics of Ag+ making C base mismatch and Hg2+ making T base mismatch. Meanwhile, the DNA logic gate was constructed by establishing logic circuit, truth table, and logic formula. The relevant performances of the sensor were investigated. The results revealed that the sensor can detect Ag+ in the range of 100 to 700 nM with R2 = 0.98129, and its detection limit is 16.88 nM (3σ/slope). The detection range of Hg2+is 100–900 nM with R2 = 0.99725, and the detection limit is 5.59 nM (3σ/slope). An AND-AND-NOR-AND molecular logic gate has been successfully designed. With the characteristics of high sensitivity, multifunction, and low cost, the recommended detection method has the potential to be applied to the detection of Ag+ and Hg2+ in seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene aerogels have shown great potential for many important functional applications, in particular electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. However, it has been a grand challenge to create mechanically hyperelastic, air‐stable, and durable MXene aerogels for enabling effective EMI protection at low concentrations due to the difficulties in achieving tailorable porous structures, excellent mechanical elasticity, and desired antioxidation capabilities of MXene in air. Here, a facile strategy for fabricating MXene composite aerogels by co‐assembling MXene and cellulose nanofibers during freeze‐drying followed by surface encapsulation with fire‐retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is reported. Because of the maximum utilization of pore structures of MXene, and conductive loss enhanced by multiple internal reflections, as‐prepared aerogel with 3.14 wt% of MXene exhibits an exceptionally high EMI shielding effectiveness of 93.5 dB, and an ultra‐high MXene utilization efficiency of 2977.71 dB g g−1, tripling the values in previous works. Owing to the presence of multiple hydrogen bonding and the TPU elastomer, the aerogel exhibits a hyperelastic feature with additional strength, excellent stability, superior durability, and high fire safety. This study provides a facile strategy for creating multifunctional aerogels with great potential for applications in EMI protection, wearable devices, thermal management, pressure sensing, and intelligent fire monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: An ingenious design achieved magnetic-dielectric-carbon coupling. Nickel and manganese oxide particles were in situ reduced and grew on the carbon aerogels. The aerogels demonstrated radar stealth, infrared stealth and thermal management capability. Carbon-based aerogels derived from biomass chitosan are encountering a flourishing moment in electromagnetic protection on account of lightweight, controllable fabrication and versatility. Nevertheless, developing a facile construction method of component design with carbon-based aerogels for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) materials with a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) and strong absorption yet hits some snags. Herein, the nitrogen-doped magnetic-dielectric-carbon aerogel was obtained via ice template method followed by carbonization treatment, homogeneous and abundant nickel (Ni) and manganese oxide (MnO) particles in situ grew on the carbon aerogels. Thanks to the optimization of impedance matching of dielectric/magnetic components to carbon aerogels, the nitrogen-doped magnetic-dielectric-carbon aerogel (Ni/MnO-CA) suggests a praiseworthy EWA performance, with an ultra-wide EAB of 7.36 GHz and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of − 64.09 dB, while achieving a specific reflection loss of − 253.32 dB mm−1. Furthermore, the aerogel reveals excellent radar stealth, infrared stealth, and thermal management capabilities. Hence, the high-performance, easy fabricated and multifunctional nickel/manganese oxide/carbon aerogels have broad application aspects for electromagnetic protection, electronic devices and aerospace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Conventional coating strategies and materials for bio-applications with protective, diagnostic, and therapeutic functions are commonly limited by their arduous preparation processes and lack of on-demand functionalities. Herein, inspired by the 'root-leaf' structure of grass, a series of novel polyacrylate-conjugated proteins can be engineered with sticky bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein as a 'root' anchoring layer and a multifunctional polyacrylate as a 'leaf' functional layer for the facile coating procedure and versatile surface functionalities. The engineered proteins were synthesized based on click chemistry, where the 'root' layer can universally anchor onto both organic and inorganic substrates through a facile dip/spraying method with excellent stability in harsh solution conditions, thanks to its multiple adaptive molecular interactions with substrates that further elucidated by molecular force measurements between the 'root' BSA protein and substrates. The 'leaf' conjugated-polyacrylates imparted coatings with versatile on-demand functionalities, such as resistance to over 99% biofouling in complex biofluids, pH-responsive performance, and robust adhesion with various nanomaterials. By synergistically leveraging the universal anchoring capabilities of BSA with the versatile physicochemical properties of polyacrylates, this study introduces a promising and facile strategy for imparting novel functionalities to a myriad of surfaces through engineering natural proteins and biomaterials for biotechnical and nanotechnical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durability and multifunctionality are crucial considerations in the realm of electronic textiles. Herein, a hot-pressing process has been developed to enhance the fixation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. The conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, and electric heating properties of the hot-pressed fabric were measured to demonstrate the effectiveness of the hot-pressing process. The conductivity of the hot-pressed fabric (180 °C for 90 s) was found to be 464.2 S/m, while that of the fabric without hot pressing was 94.9 S/m. The washed hot-pressed fabric was able to provide a maximum electromagnetic shielding of 17 dB, a negative strain sensing performance (the ΔR/R0 of the hot-pressed fabric was maintained at −15%), and an outstanding electric heating property (the temperature reached 110 °C at a current of 0.08 A). This AgNW fabric holds great potential for use in multi-functional wearable devices, and the hot-pressing process improved its stability and durability, making it suitable for industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Constructing Fe-Cu bimetal catalysts is an efficient strategy to promote Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle, whereas there is still a long way to go before fully understanding the role of the Cu in the catalysts. Herein, a new Fe-MOF namely BUC-96(Fe) was fabricated from FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (H 4 dhtp) by both hydrothermal reaction and microwave-assisted method. Also, bimetal BUC-96(FeCu-x) were obtained when the CuSO 4 was added into the system identical to the synthesis process of BUC-96(Fe). Series BUC-96 MOFs showed good organics elimination performance via Fenton-like process, where 88.1% (k = 0.0672 min−1) of chloroquine phosphate (CQ, 20 mg/L) was decomposed over pristine BUC-96(Fe) within 30 min. Interestingly, nearly 100% CQ was degraded over BUC-96(FeCu-5) as catalyst under the identical conditions within 5 min, whose reaction rate (1.3527 min−1) was 20.1-fold higher than that of BUC-96. Additionally, BUC-96(FeCu-5) exhibited excellent Fenton-like oxidation degradation performance for 10 selected emerging organic pollutants. The reaction mechanism was studied in detail by experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The results revealed that the introduced Cu not only accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles, hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation, electron transfer, but also lowered H 2 O 2 dissociated energy barrier. This work advanced the bimetal MOFs construction and application in wastewater treatment via Fenton-like process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a dual-functional terahertz device based on the Dirac semimetal, serving as both a sensing element and a band-pass filter. The device’s operating mode can switch between these two functions by utilizing the phase transition property of vanadium dioxide (VO2). When VO2 is in the insulating state, the device functions as a sensing element. The simulation results demonstrate an impressive refractive index sensitivity of 374.40 GHz/RIU (Refractive Index Unit). When VO2 is in the metallic state, the device functions as a band-pass filter, exhibiting a center frequency of 2.01 THz and a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 0.91 THz. The integration of these dual functionalities within a single terahertz device enhances its utility in both sensing and filtering applications.

We consider a class of metrics which are equivalent to the Hausdorff metric in some sense to establish the well-posedness of fixed point problems associated with multifunctions of metric spaces, satisfying various generalized contraction conditions. Examples are provided to justify the applicability of new results.

The nacre-inspired "brick-and-mortar" structure is used to prepare materials with high strength, toughness, and barrier performance by setting geometric parameters, such as the diameter, thickness, and aspect ratio of the assembly blocks. However, there have been no reports of large-diameter "bricks". Herein, we report the synthesis of silica nanosheets with ∼20 μm diameter and adjustable aspect ratios using anionic and cationic surfactant micelle templates, and the self-assembly of the nanosheets was assisted by a heat pressing process to form ethyl cellulose (EC) composite films. Such a large-block brick-and-mortar structure has significantly improved the various properties of the composite films, including increasing the strength and Young's modulus of the EC films by 160 and 429%, respectively, maintaining 97% transparency (with a content of 50 wt % silica nanosheets), and increasing gas barrier performance by 120 times. We establish comprehensive relationships among the high performance of nacre-inspired films and the diameter and aspect ratio of the nanosheets, which will pave the way for the practical application of flexible optical barrier films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of smart devices and electronic products puts forward higher requirements for power supply components. As a promising solution, hybrid energy harvesters that are based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (HEHTNG) show advantages of both high energy harvesting efficiency and multifunctionality. Aiming to systematically elaborate the latest research progress of a HEHTNG, this review starts by introducing its working principle with a focus on the combination of triboelectric nanogenerators with various other energy harvesters, such as piezoelectric nanogenerators, thermoelectric/pyroelectric nanogenerators, solar cells, and electromagnetic nanogenerators. While the performance improvement and integration strategies of HEHTNG toward environmental energy harvesting are emphasized, the latest applications of HEHTNGs as multifunctional sensors in human health detection are also illustrated. Finally, we discuss the main challenges and prospects of HEHTNGs, hoping that this work can provide a clear direction for the future development of intelligent energy harvesting systems for the Internet of Things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BMAP-18, derived from the N-terminal region of bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-27, demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties of BMAP-18, rich in aromatic phenylalanine residues, with its aliphatic analog, BMAP-18-FL. Both aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL exhibited equally potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Mechanistic investigations employing SYTOX green uptake, DNA binding, and FACScan analysis revealed that both peptides acted by inducing membrane permeabilization and subsequent intracellular targeting. Moreover, both BMAP-18 and BMAP-18-FL effectively prevented biofilm formation and eradicated existing biofilms of MRSA and MDRPA. Notably, BMAP-18-FL displayed a superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to BMAP-18, significantly reducing the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. This study emphasizes the similarities and differences in the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties between aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL, providing valuable insights for the development of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides against drug-resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a new strong form of the continuity of multifunctions with the help of minimal open sets. We give some characterizations for this new continuity and investigate fundamental properties of it. Additionally, we use this type of multifunctions to characterize Alexandroff spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of specific gas components under various working conditions while at the same time realizing other functions with the same devices has emerged through great efforts due to these devices' superior energy-saving and high-efficiency properties. Although so-called multifunctional gas sensors have been fabricated with various novel materials, two-dimensional (2D) materials with unique physical and chemical properties used in multifunctional gas sensors have not yet been well studied. In this review, we summarize up-to-date multifunctional gas sensors based on different 2D materials, including graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), MXenes, etc. The progress of machine learning and artificial intelligence used in emerging powerful sensors is introduced. Their sensing abilities and mechanisms are discussed, and further smart devices equipped with IoT platforms and 5G communication are expected for future electronic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PPG-5-CETETH-20 is a multifunctional raw material. It has a wide range of application in skin care and hair care products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of PPG-5-CETETH-20 in shampoos and conditioners. The results showed that, PPG-5-CETETH-20 could improve the combability, softness and smoothness of hair. In additional, it could improve foam stability and fine bubbles therein, without any influence on the transparency of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Lithium-sulfur batteries are a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density. However, S insulation and the lithium polysulfide intermediate's shuttle effect greatly hinder its practical application. In this paper, a three-dimensional porous graphene oxide (GO)/MXene (Ti3C2Tx) (GM) aerogel is designed and applied to a lithium–sulfur battery to settle the problem mentioned. In this strategy, two-dimensional (2D) GO sheets and highly conductive MXene nanosheets are integrated to form a 3D porous aerogel structure, creating a 3D conductive network and large polar surfaces, which can simultaneously achieve fast Li-ion/electron transport, strong chemical anchoring sulfur, and promot redox reactions between polysulfides. Therefore, the cathode shows excellent sulfur utilization and cycle stability. The prepared GM electrode battery has been tested for nearly nine months at 0.1C, providing the high initial capacity of 1255.62 mAh·g−1 and maintaining 615.7 mAh·g−1 after 450 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights A multiple-crosslinked poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide-co-acrylamide multifunctional hydrogel was prepared via a one-pot synthesis method. The proposed hydrogel exhibits water retention, antifreeze properties, self-healing, and transparency as well as improved strength, good adhesiveness, and a high gauge factor.

Cellulose aerogels have great prospects for noise reduction applications due to their sustainable value and superior 3D interconnected porous structures. The drying principle is a crucial factor in the preparation process for developing high-performance aerogels, particularly with respect to achieving high acoustic absorption properties. In this study, multifunctional cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) aerogels were conveniently prepared using two distinct freeze-drying principles: refrigerator conventional freezing (RCF) and liquid nitrogen unidirectional freezing (LnUF). The results indicate that the rapid RCF process resulted in a denser CNC aerogel structure with disordered larger pores, causing a stronger compressive performance (Young’s modulus of 40 kPa). On the contrary, the LnUF process constructed ordered structures of CNC aerogels with a lower bulk density (0.03 g/cm3) and smaller apertures, resulting in better thermal stability, higher diffuse reflection across visible light, and especially increased acoustic absorption performance at low–mid frequencies (600–3000 Hz). Moreover, the dissipation mechanism of sound energy in the fabricated CNC aerogels is predicted by a designed porous media model. This work not only paves the way for optimizing the performance of aerogels through structure control, but also provides a new perspective for developing sustainable and efficient acoustic absorptive materials for a wide range of applications.

With the development of human society, the cultivated land resources' utilization has become more diversified, and the multifunction of cultivated land is critical to meet the human demand. However, the studies on the multifunction of cultivated land are mostly based on the data of single time node or discontinuous years, which the results may be influenced by abnormal function years. To assess the multifunction of cultivated land and its trade-off/synergy relationships accurately and objectively, this study uses continuous long time series data to analyze multifunctionality of cultivated land. Firstly, the Long short-term memory (LSTM) method was applied to predict the data of 2021–2030 based on the data from 2010 to 2020. Then, the Theil-Sen Median method was used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution trends of the multifunction of cultivated land from 2010 to 2030. Secondly, based on the trends, the long time series cultivated land function trade-off/synergy degree (LCFTD) was constructed to explore the stable trade-off/synergy relationships among functions. Finally, the cultivated land resources were divided into zones based on the spectral clustering. This study analyzed the multifunction of cultivated land in Guangdong from 2010 to 2030. (1) The multifunction of cultivated land had spatially heterogeneous and temporally fluctuating. (2) The production-ecological, ecological-life, and production-life functions were all dominated by synergy during 2010–2020. Without changing the current utilization state of cultivated land resource, the trade-off among functions will increase in the future (2021–2030). (3) The cultivated land was divided into five type zones: stable development, production core, ecological conservation, comprehensive lifting, and fallow renewal. The LCFTD can better avoid the influence of abnormal function years, and the long time series data can also predict the future development trend reliably. This study idea can help to formulate long time cultivated land management policies and achieve the goal of sustainable development of cultivated land resources.

The use of memristive neuromorphic circuit and system is a promising solution for next-generation Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing, as it offers possibilities that go beyond conventional GPU-based artificial neural network computing platforms. However, most of the existing memristive neuromorphic circuits and systems are designed for the specific networks, which is lack of universality and flexibility. Therefore, this paper proposes a universal memristive circuit and system framework for pure-attention-based transformer networks to implement multifunction applications on edge devices. Furthermore, the verification of image recognition and speech recognition was achieved by extending the size of the memristor crossbar array macros and reconfiguring the memristor weights without changing the memristive transformer circuit and framework. This paper not only provides a universal edge implementation framework for multifunction applications of the transformer, but also offers a low-power and promising solution for the application of pure-attention-based transformers on edge devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]