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Nowadays, macroeconomic variables such as poverty, economic and income inequality and unemployment are among the important and fundamental factors known in the occurrence (perpetration) of crimes. The prevention in its variety of approaches especially corrective (penitentiary) and mechanical approaches requires long-term financial plans and costs. Providing optimal prevention in various economic contexts of crime perpetration is the purpose of this research. The authors in this article, which is a descriptive-analytical and critical study on the types of crime prevention have explained the concepts of prioritization and continuity in both the analysis of criminogenic contexts and related to the field of prevention by referring to experimental researches. However, studies of crime economics (cost-benefit) usually evaluate the effects of these causes separately. This segregated approach has also been dominant in social prevention in the field of crime prevention. The results indicate that some of the economic contexts of crime perpetration including poverty, economic inequality and income are affected by the unemployment rate, so they have a positive and significant relationship with this macroeconomic variable. The other findings of the present study indicate some criminal origins called organized crimes. Therefore, these factors, in addition to being independent factors for petty crimes (minor crimes) such as theft and murder in the community can be caused by organized and economic crimes. The path should be paved for more effective mechanical prevention and punishment by optimal economic allocation in the field of prevention approaches, instead of providing the same financial costs.

Abstract Aims The presented paper aims at understanding the current situation of mechanical prevention of venous thrombosis in ICU. Design A questionnaire survey. Methods A self‐developed Questionnaire on the Current Situation of VTE Mechanical Prevention in ICU was distributed. Results A total of 125 valid questionnaires were collected. The results shows that only 11.2% ICUs had the ratio of mechanical prevention equipment to the bed number ≥0.8:1; there was significant differences among ICU nurses in different levels of hospitals in mastering the indications, contraindications and use process of venous thromboembolism mechanical prevention; 42 ICUs (33.6%) used disposable leg covers for patients before the use of mechanical prevention equipment. The face‐to‐face teaching model was the main method adopted in the education and training of mechanical prevention.

Pancreatitis is the most common complication following endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). With the progress of research in many drugs and technologies, promising efficacy has been achieved in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Recently, combined prevention has received more attention in order to further reduce the incidence of PEP. However, there is no review about the combined prevention of PEP. This review summarizes the medication and ERCP techniques that are used to prevent PEP and emphasizes that appropriate combination prevention approaches should be based on risk stratification.

Aims: The presented paper aims at understanding the current situation of mechanical prevention of venous thrombosis in ICU. Design: A questionnaire survey. Methods: A self‐developed Questionnaire on the Current Situation of VTE Mechanical Prevention in ICU was distributed. Results: A total of 125 valid questionnaires were collected. The results shows that only 11.2% ICUs had the ratio of mechanical prevention equipment to the bed number ≥0.8:1; there was significant differences among ICU nurses in different levels of hospitals in mastering the indications, contraindications and use process of venous thromboembolism mechanical prevention; 42 ICUs (33.6%) used disposable leg covers for patients before the use of mechanical prevention equipment. The face‐to‐face teaching model was the main method adopted in the education and training of mechanical prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]