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Atrial septal defect (ASD), whether congenital or iatrogenic, and mitral stenosis (MS), whether congenital or acquired, may all come together into a condition called Lutembacher's syndrome (LS). The ASD is typically larger than 15 mm in a normal LS case. However, congenital ASD is less frequent than residual iatrogenic ASD in the current era of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty for acquired MS. This is referred to as iatrogenic LS by cardiologists. Hereby, we report a case series of three patients who presented to us, were diagnosed with LS, a very rare entity, and were managed successfully., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Yadav et al.)

Typically, right heart failure (RHF) may occur following left heart failure (LHF) in chronic volume overload states such as chronic severe mitral regurgitation (MR) through chronically elevated pulmonary pressures. In Lutembacher syndrome (LS), the direct shunting through a secundum type atrial septal defect (ASD) results in congestive heart failure in the setting of severe mitral stenosis (MS) with or without elevated pulmonary arterial or venous pressures. We report a rare case of severe isolated RHF and bi-atrial enlargement resulting from the direct shunting through a secundum type ASD in the presence of a severe eccentric primary MR. There are no significant cases documented like this after a thorough search using PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. A review of the literature suggests that LS is also caused by a combination of mitral regurgitation and a secundum-type atrial septal defect without mitral stenosis, though rarely. Because this is a primary MR, we feel it is a case of LS with MR, ruling out a combination of secondary MR and secundum-type atrial septal defect., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Sabri et al.)

Introduction: Lutembacher syndrome (LS) is a rare cardiac clinical entity marked by the combination of an atrial septal defect (ASD) and mitral stenosis (MS). Its prognosis is influenced by several factors., Case Report: We present the case of a young adult male who presented with a 10-month history of exertional dyspnea, orthopnoea, fatigue and cough. Clinical examination revealed features suggestive of advanced congestive heart failure. Echocardiography revealed severe MS and a secundum type ASD with pulmonary hypertension. Patient died on second day of admission., Conclusions: LS is a very rare condition. The outcome is better if treated before the onset of heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. However, surgical and percutaneous trans-catheter therapy is costly and not readily available in low-income settings in developing countries.