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En este trabajo se propone una reflexión sobre la educación durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Para ello, se examina el modelo de las “sociedades de control” propuesto por Gilles Deleuze y cómo este afecta a la práctica educativa. El cual desafía el modelo tradicional centrado en la escuela como centro de encierro. Se argumenta que la inadecuación constitutiva de la educación revela su potencialidad más que su fracaso, y se emplea el concepto de “ensamblaje” para entenderla como un proceso continuo y complejo. Se sostiene que la crisis educativa no es simplemente un producto del cambio social o del contexto pospandémico, sino una característica inherente a la naturaleza misma de la educación entendida como un proceso inacabado. Por todo ello, en lugar de buscar soluciones dentro del antiguo paradigma, se aboga por pensar la educación como un ensamblaje en constante evolución, que permite comprender su complejidad y potencialidad en medio de la incertidumbre.

Tanto la obra de Hegel en la modernidad como la obra de Tomás de Aquino en el medioevo, representan dos de los mayores esfuerzos que se han realizado en el pensamiento filosófico por dar explicación a las grandes interrogantes y problemas de la metafísica. No cabe duda de que la presencia o inmanencia de lo Absoluto en lo finito, como así también la concepción de la nada, son temas de particular profundidad en la reflexión especulativa y ocupan un lugar de privilegio en la misma. En este escrito se analizarán de forma concisa ambas cuestiones, siguiendo la lectura e interpretación de los dos autores antes mencionados llevada a cabo por el filósofo italiano Cornelio Fabro.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Relaciones Internacionales (1699-3950) is the property of Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain, International Relations Studies Group (GERI) Law Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the causal effect of the levels of democracy in countries on the levels of corruption. Research shows that the levels of corruption in countries decrease when they reach higher levels of democracy. However, most of the evidence has been obtained through correlational or regression studies that do not make clear the causal connection between the variables. The research applied a robust estimator (IPWRA) to a database of 161 countries with average data from 2010-2019, assessing a causality model within the counterfactual framework. The results indicate that a causal relationship does exist; that is, a higher level of democracy in the countries reduces the levels of corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the notion of spirit of revenge allows us to compare the Nietzschean will to power with the Polo's transcendental freedom in order to expand metaphysics with a transcendental anthropology. The will to power overcomes the spirit of revenge with the eternal return of the same, but it is doomed to nihilism. Transcendental freedom, because of its consideration of the future, overcomes the spirit of revenge in a better way, since it opens itself to intersubjective otherness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the relationship between the services sector and Ecuadorian economic growth using cointegration and causality econometric techniques from 1990-2018. The results indicate that services as a whole, particularly trade and transportation, positively impact economic growth in the long run. However, in the short term, services as a whole have a negative effect, which may be explained by the continuous deterioration of their productivity. Meanwhile, there is a causality effect ranging from trade to economic growth, and from GDP per capita to services as a whole and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Digital de Derecho Administrativo is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EconoQuantum is the property of Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Economico Administrativas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Semestre Económico is the property of Sello Editorial de la Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pese a la liberalización de la agricultura durante las últimas décadas, México se encuentra cerca de la autosuficiencia en el caso del frijol. El comportamiento del mercado de este grano está determinado principalmente por factores internos que afectan tanto la demanda como la oferta. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el movimiento de los precios de frijol negro bola en Zacatecas y el frijol pinto en Chihuahua, y el movimiento de precios para las mismas variedades en la Ciudad de México; para ello, se emplearon precios mensuales del periodo agosto 2005 – junio 2022. El análisis se realizó con métodos econométricos que determinan la transmisión horizontal de precios. Los resultados indican la presencia de cointegración para los precios de frijol negro bola, así como una causalidad en ambas direcciones. También se encontró causalidad en ambas direcciones para el frijol pinto, aunque los precios no están cointegrados.

Pese a la gran cantidad de estudios sobre la metafísica de Francisco Suárez aún nos queda mucho por descubrir de su pensamiento. Uno de sus mayores conocedores, José Hellín Lasheras (1883-1973), dedicó enormes esfuerzos a investigar sobre el papel que juegan algunas nociones dentro del sistema suareciano, deteniéndose ampliamente en la potencia y el acto. En este documento inédito del padre Hellín encontraremos los distintos axiomas que sostienen y se derivan del pensamiento del Doctor Eximio sobre dichas nociones, teniendo un papel clave su rechazo a la capacidad explicativa y justificativa del axioma escolástico “quidquid movetur ab alio movetur”, así como su defensa del carácter activo-pasivo de la voluntad.

La identificación de relaciones causales es uno de los problemas fundamentales de la investigación científica en medicina y es necesaria para poder ejercerla en forma efectiva. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista práctico es difícil establecer la existencia de relaciones causales en estudios de carácter observacional, en gran parte por la presencia de factores de confusión. El análisis a través de variables instrumentales es una de las estrategias que permite controlar el efecto confundidor y documentar la presencia de relaciones causa-efecto en estas situaciones. En este artículo, el autor resume los principales supuestos del análisis a través de variables instrumentales, haciendo foco en la aleatorización mendeliana.

Se aborda en este artículo la tarea de investigar los distintos lugares de la teoría del delito en los que el concepto de causalidad podría tener relevancia, e intentar, de ese modo, superar la rígida ubicación en el ámbito del tipo objetivo, así como su relevancia en la teoría de la tentativa y de la participación criminal. La distinción entre delitos de mera actividad y de resultado es revisada a la luz de un paradigma de causalidad diferente al que mayoritariamente usa la doctrina. Ello podría lograrse si se parte de que la causalidad relevante para el derecho penal no es la de un resultado físico, sino la de una lesión o menoscabo del bien jurídico; en esa medida, tanto las omisiones como los delitos de mera actividad son causales de lesiones a bienes jurídicos. Asimismo, se toma postura sobre el fundamento del contenido del tipo penal como disconformidad con la norma que se orienta al bien común político.

Durante los siglos XVII y XVIII hubo un intenso debate en las Islas Británicas en torno al materialismo. Mi objetivo consiste en caracterizar la postura de David Hume en el marco de ese debate. Sostengo que, no obstante rechazar la metafísica sustancialista para centrarse en el estudio de las percepciones, Hume sienta una posición respecto de la relación entre mente y materia. Sin embargo, esa posición reviste cierta complejidad en tanto no es explicitada en los textos que se editaron en vida de Hume. Propongo definirla como un materialismo restringido, ya que, respecto de la naturaleza de la mente, Hume desestima tanto las posturas materialista como inmaterialista, pero respecto de las causas del pensamiento, termina acercándose al materialismo a partir de argumentos basados en la experiencia y en la analogía con la naturaleza.

El presente estudio plantea una crítica a la perspectiva jurídica que considera la causalidad como un elemento exiguo para efectuar el juicio de responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado en tanto que, conforme al artículo 90 constitucional, son solo dos sus presupuestos: el daño antijurídico y la imputación. La investigación adelantada muestra cómo la causalidad es un elemento axial de la responsabilidad estatal. De este modo, desconocerla o restarle importancia a su incidencia en el juicio de responsabilidad patrimonial equivale a concebir la coexistencia de dos mundos en uno sin sinergia entre ellos, el real y el artificial creado por el Derecho en virtud de un mandato popular.

Copyright of Montes is the property of Colegio y Asociación de Ingenieros de Montes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common autosomal aneuploidy and the leading cause of intellectual disability of genetic origin worldwide. It is identified as a syndrome in which the variability of its clinical manifestations and the severity of its phenotype have a multifactorial origin. Worldwide prevalence ranges between 1 per 700 live births and several factors that may be involved in the origin of DS have been proposed. Our objective was to describe updates regarding risk factors in the cytogenetic origin or cause of DS. We conducted a narrative review study in which a literature search was carried out from January to June 2022 in databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, Medigraphic, ClinicalKey, and meta-search engines such as Elsevier and Evidence Alerts. Only articles published in the last 10 years in English and Spanish were included. The search terms used were: Down syndrome, risk factors, prevention. Although DS is a very common chromosomal pathology worldwide, there is no single risk factor at the origin of meiotic or mitotic nondisjunction of chromosome 21, but rather each of the associated risk factors contributes to a greater or lesser degree to a cytogenetic predisposition in the etiology of trisomy 21. During the review it was identified that the main established risk factor associated with DS is still advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“David Hume on Materialism”. During the 17th and 18th centuries, an intense debate concerning materialism took place. This paper aims to describe David Hume’s position within this debate. I claim that, even though Hume rejects substantialist metaphysics to focus on the study of perceptions, he defends a position concerning the relationship between mind and matter. However, this position is rather complex to reconstruct since it is not explicitly stated in the texts edited during Hume’s life. I propose to define it as a restricted materialism since, regarding the nature of mind, Hume discards both the materialist and the immaterialist positions; although concerning the causes of thought he comes close to materialist positions by using arguments based on experience and the analogy with nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the definitions of cause and causality in Political Science? Causal explanation has become fundamental for the constitution of the discipline as a science capable of producing not only understandings, but also predictions about political phenomena. Nevertheless, the centrality of causality has been reduced to the question of causal inference, eliding ontological, epistemological and methodological discussions about the meaning of cause. In this article, we explore models of causal explanation in philosophy as a way to promote a dialogue between the conceptions of causality in political science that go beyond the problem of causal inference. We argue that political science mobilises different conceptions of causality, but its engagement with more substantive reflections is still limited. We propose a dialogue with the literature of philosophical realism and its interventions on causal powers, capabilities and tendencies, which offer an ontological basis for discussions of causality in political science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the construction of coherence, specifically causal coherence, in children's narratives of personal experience. The study focused on the examination of causal relations and other types of connections established between the narrated events, as well as the presence of fragments of unrelated events. The corpus consists of 66 narratives produced by Argentinian Spanish-speaking children aged 3, 4 and 5 years. Narratives were obtained in individual interviews carried out in the kindergartens where children attended, located in urban-marginalized neighborhoods of Buenos Aires (Argentina). For the analysis of the narratives, we used a heuristic approach of an adapted version of Trabasso et al. Causal Network Narrative Model. The analysis combined qualitative and quantitative procedures. The results showed that children managed to connect the narrated events causally, temporally, and thematically. During this period, there predominated causal connections related to the physical (vs. mental) domain. The diversity of causal relations established within the same narrative increased with age. The narratives also contained unrelated events: breaks in the causal chain, dead-end events. The latter mostly referred to different components of narrative information (action, orientation, evaluation) that contribute to the coherence of the narrative in other non-causal dimensions. The results acquire special relevance for the study of children's narrative production, considering the role of narrative in cognition, communication, socialization, and the transmission of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lenguaje is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Via Inveniendi et Iudicandi is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Via Inveniendi et Iudicandi is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUSTA is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Endoxa is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revus: Journal for Constitutional Theory & Philosophy of Law is the property of Revus - European Constitutionality Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La comprensión de oraciones y textos involucra fenómenos complejos en los que interviene tanto información específicamente lingüística como información extralingüística. Analizamos aquí cómo incide la ausencia de conocimiento previo sobre el mundo durante la comprensión de oraciones y, específicamente, si este factor modula el proceso en función del tipo de relación semántica: aditiva, temporal y causal. A partir de una tarea de comprensión de oraciones bajo un paradigma de lectura a ritmo propio, revisamos la Hipótesis de causalidad por defecto. Se registraron los tiempos de lectura y la precisión de respuesta a preguntas de comprensión. Los resultados muestran un efecto principal generado por la imposibilidad de involucrar conocimientos previos sobre el mundo e interacciones vinculadas con el tipo de relación semántica. Se exhibe una centralidad del eje temporo-causal también para la comprensión de información desconocida, aunque no todas las predicciones hechas por la Hipótesis de causalidad por defecto se sostienen para estos casos.

Introducción: la fascitis necrotizante es una infección bacteriana, rara, destructiva y rápidamente progresiva de los tejidos subcutáneos y la fascia superficial que en los estadios más avanzados involucra la piel y está asociada a altos índices de morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivos: describir la fascitis necrotizante cervicofacial de origen odontogénico y sus principales causas y factores predisponentes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en el Hospital General de Benguela, Angola, de abril de 2014 a abril de 2016. Se estudió toda la población, constituida por 77 pacientes que fueron atendidos en este centro con diagnóstico de fascitis necrotizante cervicofacial odontogénica. Las variables de estudio fueron el sexo, los grupos de edad, los factores predisponentes, los tratamientos ambulatorios, la hemoglobina al ingreso, el foco infeccioso dental y las características clínicas. Se emplearon estadígrafos descriptivos. La información se extrajo de las historias clínicas. Resultados: el 73% del total de casos perteneció al sexo masculino, hubo 12 pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas que desarrollaron una fascitis necrotizante cervicofacial, los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos se usaron en el 94,8% de los enfermos, se constató hemoglobina baja en el 88,3% de los casos y el 80% de los pacientes arribaron al centro hospitalario con enfermedad avanzada. Conclusiones: la principal causa de la fascitis necrotizante cervicofacial fueron los focos sépticos de origen dentario. Esta enfermedad está relacionada a procesos simples que no recibieron un tratamiento adecuado en la comunidad.

Two econometric models with instrumental variable are used to estimate the causal effect of a marginal increase in the number of sons on female labor outcomes. According to model 2, the negative causal effect of fertility on the probability of working does not change significantly between 2001 (12%) and 2012 (13%), whose results are like that estimated by model 1 for 2016 (14%). Likewise, fertility causes the probability of working parttime to increase by 38% and the level of real income to decrease by Bs. 227 and Bs. 326 according to the 0.5 and 0.8 quantiles respectively for 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos Médico Sociales is the property of Colegio Medico de Chile (A.G.) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is increasing concern about the effectiveness of public policies, both at the academic and practical level. Public policy analysis gets more technical every day, and multiple tools are required to establish the causal effect of a policy. In this article, we present an overview of some of the most suitable experimentation-based techniques for this purpose. We examine laboratory and field randomised experiments, on-line experiments and natural experiments. We also address some of the most common caveats of using experiments in public policies, such as validity of results or ethics. Despite possible hassles, the inclusion of experiments in public policy analysis has become the norm in international organisations, and that process is also starting in Spain. Mastering the techniques we present here, as well as understanding their relevance and limitations, is essential for anyone interested in the field of public policy. This article serves as an introduction and guide in that learning. Including experimentation in public policy analysis, we can obtain robust results upon on which build more efficient and effective policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo del artículo es desarrollar y proponer una línea de interrogación para la teoría literaria contemporánea alrededor de los conceptos de «archivo» e «intertextualidad». En primer lugar, se reconstruye el panorama actual de los estudios interdisciplinarios sobre la cuestión del archivo, para proponer un «giro archivístico» de la crítica artística contemporánea. En segundo lugar, se recupera la conceptualización de Juan José Mendoza alrededor de los «hiperarchivos», interrogando sus compromisos ontológicos (en particular, de la ontología orientada a objetos) y su relectura de la noción de «intertextualidad». Por último, continuamos tal importación teórica para afirmar que la intertextualidad es, en sus rasgos fundamentales, una relación de causalidad, por lo que cualquier interrogación sobre el archivo y la intertextualidad depende de la teoría de la causalidad que ella supone y pone en acto.

RESUMEN Trabajos recientes han propuesto un tratamiento de la fundación “a la imagen de la causalidad”. Hay importantes analogías entre la fundación y la causalidad: ambas parecen ser relaciones de ‘construcción’, ambas parecen ser órdenes estrictos y ambas parecen ser representables por modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (cf. Schaffer, 2016; Wilson, 2018). Pero también parece que hay importantes diferencias, porque la causalidad es usualmente considerada como una relación externa, mientras que la fundación es interna; hay casos de causalidad probabilística, pero no hay nada como una fundación probabilística; la fundación se considera una relación ‘bien fundada’, pero no la causalidad; la fundación implica superveniencia ontológica, pero no la causalidad. Se argumenta aquí que la mayoría de estas supuestas diferencias están motivadas por una concepción humeana de la causalidad en la que no hay conexiones necesarias entre causa y efecto. Una perspectiva no humeana de la causalidad, sin embargo, hace que la unificación de la fundación y la causalidad sea mucho más razonable que cualquier tratamiento separado.

Existe una preocupación creciente por la efectividad de las políticas públicas, tanto a nivel académico como práctico. El análisis de políticas públicas es cada vez más técnico y requiere de múltiples técnicas para establecer de forma robusta el efecto causal de una política. En este artículo, repasamos algunas de las técnicas basadas en la experimentación más adecuadas para este fin. Examinaremos el uso de experimentos aleatorizados tanto de laboratorio como de campo, experimentos virtuales o experimentos naturales. A su vez, abordamos también algunos problemas habituales en el trabajo experimental en políticas públicas, como la validez de los resultados o la ética. A pesar de los posibles inconvenientes, la incorporación de la lógica experimental al análisis de políticas públicas es en la actualidad el patrón de referencia en las principales instituciones internacionales, y así empieza a ser también en España. El manejo de las técnicas que aquí repasamos, así como entender su importancia y limitaciones, se hace imprescindible para cualquier persona interesada en el ámbito de las políticas públicas. Este artículo sirve de introducción y guía en ese aprendizaje. Añadiendo la experimentación a nuestros análisis, podremos obtener resultados robustos sobre los que construir futuras políticas más eficientes y efectivas

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Copyright of Estudios Filosóficos is the property of Estudios Filosoficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Impossibilia: Revista Internacional de Estudios Literarios is the property of Impossibilia: Revista Internacional de Estudios Literarios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The term causality is used in different disciplines of the sciences from Physics to Biology; where routine use is made of these concepts to infer causal relationships. It is clear that the sciences are the best place to go to understand causality, but in each one it has been approached differently. Therefore, we intend to reflect on the following question: What does it mean to use this term (causal relationships) in science education? And how do they contribute to critical thinking? To do this, epistemological approaches on causality from philosophy, psychology and natural sciences are presented; then its implications for science education are described and finally we present the notions of causal relationships and their contribution to critical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural equation models (SEM) are useful tools for proposing theoretical relationships, causal or not, between multiple variables. However, they do not allow us to confirm the existence of cause-effect relationships in the absence of an experimental design. We evaluated the occurrence of inadequate expressions of causality in non-experimental articles, published in Spanish, using SEM as data analysis. After a systematic review of studies included in five databases, we reviewed the 188 selected articles. Of these, 63 studies (33. 5%) used correct language in the title and abstract; the remaining 125 (66. 5%) used biased or incorrect language in at least one of the sections. These inappropriate interpretations may lead the reader to erroneous conclusions, threatening the rigor of scientific research. Any causal conclusions derived from SEM should be formulated as associations between variables, warning of the nonexperimental nature of the study, and suggesting alternative explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past 20th century has witnessed a renewed interest in the approaches of Aristotelian philosophy, especially from the hand of the German philosopher Martin Heidegger. Well, along with this return to the study of peripatetic philosophy, a new interest in the philosophy of being of Thomas Aquinas has emerged as a parallel, particularly in his notion of esse ut actus essendi. This has led to various lines of research, sometimes confronted, which have dealt mainly with the question of the Tomasian reception of the notion of being and the aspects involved in it. In this work we will try to make known some important aspects of this reception, as well as of those different lines of interpretation confronted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Signos is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)