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The paper presents an overview of the seismicity of the southern part of the Russian Far East in 2023 based on the data from the catalog of the “Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk” Regional Information Processing Center (RIPC) of the Sakhalin Branch of the Federal Research Center “United Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (SB FRC UGS RAS). The main parameters of seismicity, such as maps of earthquake epicenters and their macroseismic events, the statistical estimation of the seismicity level (SESL'09), Benioff graphs, and density maps of nominal elastic deformation in 2023 in comparison with the previous longer time interval, are given. A brief analysis of the most significant and interesting earthquakes for detailed study is given. The seismicity of the Kuril-Okhotsk, Sakhalin, and Amur and Primorye regions remained moderate during the year, within the background values. The strongest earthquake with Mw = 6.4 occurred in the southern part of the Kuril Island arc

This paper is based on archival sources and materials of archaeological studies of recent decades in the Upper Amur River region. The author gives the history of the construction of Russian wooden forts on the banks of the Amur in the 2 half of the XVII century. Special attention is paid to the role of forts as military outposts for the development of the territory, as well as centers of economic life of the population. There are two stages in the history of the forts – from 1643 to 1658 and from 1665 to 1689. The article reveals the modern state of the study and reconstruction of forts. Since the 2 half of the XIX century, information about forts of the XVII century becomes not only the subject of archaeological and historical studies, but also a source of the mythology of history. The history of the Amur forts is one of the most important foundations of the historical memory of the development of the Far East, support of patriotism and pride in the history of Russia, an example of the courage and heroism.

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When studying an ore shoot in the Bakhmut ore zone of the Pioneer mesothermal stockwork gold deposit (Amur Region, Russia) of vein-disseminated gold-quartz ores at its different levels, discrete anomalously gold-rich areas (bonanzas) were identified. The objective of the research was to investigate the causes and conditions for bonanza formation and the favored factors. Along with the analysis of the general distribution of gold in ore bodies, a detailed macro-and microscopic study of features on the distribution of native gold in ore samples and the nature of native gold was carried out. Gold particles are found to be hypogene in origin, including those at the surface. In the zones of brecciated rocks, a distinct spatial displacement of native gold accumulations upwards relative to a dense network of quartz veinlets and pockets and their almost complete absence in the quartz bodies indicate telescoping of high-grade gold accumulations formed at a single productive gold-quartz stage. At the same time, spatial proximity was established between fields of gold particle accumulation and quartz-filled fracture cavities that show dominance in size and zones where bulges of quartz-filled fractures tend to thin and pinch out. Our findings and laboratory experiments provided the data to develop the model of natural gas flotation of native gold nanoparticles as part of the "Aucr + gas," which associates with the formation of bonanzas under the above favorable conditions at higher levels of the deposit in the presence of different low permeability screens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are the effects of subsidies on farm productivity heterogeneous? Does the direction and magnitude of subsidies impact depend on farm specialization? To address this question, I use farm-level data from Amur region in the Russian Far East for 2010–2014. The data set includes farms inputs and output as well as state subsidies and degree of farm specialization. The latter is defined as the share of crop production in total farm revenue. The sample of farms is not random but includes almost the entire set of corporate farms in the Amur Region. Using the data, I estimate the production function that allows me to study the relationships between total factor productivity (TFP), farms specialization and state subsidies. To test whether farm specialization moderates the impact of subsidies on TFP, an interaction term between specialization and subsidies was included in the model. So, I study how the marginal effects of subsidies change conditional on degree of specialization. My findings support the heterogeneous effect of subsidies on TFP depending on the degree of farm specialization. High degree of specialization on livestock production is associated with negative effects of subsidies on TFP, while I don’t fine a statistically significant connection between subsides and TFP for farms specializing on crop production. The research contributes to the discussion about the effects of state supports and subsidies on agricultural development and productivity in Russia and particularly in the Russian Far East

The paper presents an overview of the seismicity of the southern part of the Russian Far East for 2021: Amur–Primorye region, Sakhalin and Kuril-Okhotsk region. It is based on data from the catalog of the “Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk” Regional Information Processing Center of the Sakhalin Branch of the Federal Research Center «United Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences». Regression relationships between the energy characteristics of earthquakes in the catalog are given. The main parameters of seismicity are estimated: statistical estimation of seismicity level SESL’09; Benioff diagrams; density maps of conditional elastic deformation. The information about the most significant earthquakes in the responsibility zone of the SF FRC UGS RAS is given. According to formal indicators, the seismicity of these regions in 2021 was within the background values. The magnitude of the strongest earthquake recorded in the catalog of 2021, which occurred on September 20 within the Kuril-Kamchatka seismofocal zone at a depth of 41 km, was MW = 6.1. The strongest crustal earthquake in the Sakhalin region with Mwa = 4.4 occurred on April 18 near the settlement of Tymovskoe, where it was felt with an intensity of 5-6 points.

The first information about the Amur peoples appeared in the mid-17th century in the reports of Russian pioneers. For the Daurians, accommodation was indicated along the Amur and Zee. It was noted that the Daurians had towns and fortresses, and a military-administrative system under the control of local princes. Unlike the Tungus-Manchus, the Daurians were not the indigenous inhabitants of the Amur region. Their relocation to the Amur was regarded as a military and political act of the Yuan Dynasty, which was assigned the function of Mongolian occupation troops. A series of archaeological sites identified as Daurian has been discovered in the Western Amur region. It has been established that the settlements of the Daurian type belong to the valley type, and have a square shape with 1–2–3 ramparts, corner towers and ditches. Settlements and underground burial grounds were located near the Daurian towns. The earliest Daurian towns and burial grounds date back to the period of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). The late Daurian monuments date back to the 17th century. During the Chinese Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), the Mongol-speaking Daurians lived in parallel with the aboriginal Tungus-Manchu tribes.

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The article deals with the problems of the implementation of state tasks in the Pskov region for the planned relocation of labor to multiland areas of the Amur region (1961–1967). Statistical data on the number of resettled are given, the difficulties of the ongoing campaigns and their consequences for one of the indigenous regions of Russia are revealed.

This study is devoted to one of the episodes of the Russian-Manchu conflict of the 17th century, when the head of the garrison of the Albazin fortress, which had been blocked by the Manchus for a long time, sent a pie to the camp of his enemies. This case caused a wide response in publications devoted to the history of this confl ict in the 18th century, and continues to excite researchers today. The interpretation of these events, made by G.F. Miller, became canonical, but a careful study of the circumstances of the incident leads to the conclusion that it is historically inconsistent. A detailed analysis of the events of this period makes it possible to supplement this episode with details, which in turn make it possible to identify other motives that prompted the defenders of the fortress to commit this act. To understand the psychology of the Albazinians, it is important to take into account the following circumstances: despite signifi cant combat and non-combat losses caused by disease, the garrison retained its combat capability; by this time, a decision had already been made to conclude a truce between the confl icting parties for peace negotiations, in connection with which the Manchus had to lift the blockade of the fortress and retreat. But most importantly, most of the Albazin defenders were Christians, and the presentation of the cake took place on the day of the celebration of the Resurrection of Christ. Therefore, the most important aspect of a diff erent interpretation of these events is that this pie had a ritual significance, and when presenting the Easter pie to their opponent, the Albazinians could not help but invest in this act the symbolic meaning of their involvement in the divine power of the Resurrection as a symbol of the victory of life over death.

In the Amur Region, in the cities of Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk and Nikolaievsk, glossolalia takes various shapes depending in churches where it may be observed: crying fits, yells, falls to the floor, mumbling. According to the believers, these behaviors are provoked by the divine nature of the Holy Spirit who then comes into contact with the individual. While the latter seem to let go and lose control, to a certain extent, during these events, my observations show that it is a codified practice, and that “speaking in tongues” constitutes a mode of enunciation of emotions. This experience represents the counterpart of testimony and together, they structure a repetitive ritual model which induces for the believer a systemic break with their culture of origin: they thus stop being “Russian” and become “Christian”. The creation of a common repertoire of emotions enables the expression of a critic of the contemporary society and the creation of strategies of emancipation from this society. Based on empirical data collected among members of three evangelical Churches, this analysis aims at understanding what glossolalia, taken as an intensified space of expression, shows us of the contemporary society, as it is perceived and experienced.

The paper presents an overview of the seismicity of the southern part of the Russian Far East for 2020: the Amur–Primorye region, Sakhalin and Kuril-Okhotsk regions. It is based on the preliminary data from the earthquake catalogs of the Sakhalin Branch of the Federal Research Center “United Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (SB FRC UGS RAS). An analysis of the seismicity of the regions for 2020 in comparison with the previous decade is performed. Information about the earthquakes of 2020, which are the most significant and worthy of separate study, is given. These events occurred in the SB FRC UGS RAS responsibility zone: an earthquake near the Zeyskaya HPP, a deep-focus earthquake in the Tatar Strait, an earthquake at intermediate depths in the Southern Kuril Islands, a reverse fault earthquake on the bend of the Pacific lithospheric plate in the Northern Kuril Islands. According to formal indicators, the seismicity of the regions in 2020 remained within the background values, but it approached the upper limit of their range in the Kuril-Okhotsk region and in the mantle under the territory of the Sakhalin region.

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The aim: to study the structure and dynamics of population immunity to SARSCoV-2 of the population of the Southern Regions of the Far East (SRFE): Khabarovsk, Primorsky Krai and Amur Region during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020.Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to the program for assessing population immunity to SARS -CoV-2 of the population of the Russian Federation according to the methodology developed by the Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. The selection of participants was carried out by a questionnaire method using cloud technologies. The volunteers were randomized by age by stratification into 7 age groups: 1–17, 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70+ years old. Territorial randomization consisted in limiting the engaging of volunteers – no more than 30 people from one enterprise. After the initial cross-sectional study, a 3-stage seromonitoring was carried out, in which the same volunteers participated. Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid were determined in peripheral blood serum by the enzyme immunoassay using an appropriate set of reagents produced by the State Scientific Center for Medical and Biological Sciences of the Rospotrebnadzor (Obolensk). Statistical analysis was performed using the Excel package. The confidence interval for the proportion was calculated using the A. Wald, J. Wolfowitz method with A. Agresti, B.A. Coull’s correction. The statistical significance of the differences was calculated online using a specialized calculator. The statistical significance of the differences was assessed with a probability of p˂ 0.05, unless otherwise indicated.Results. In a comparative analysis, the highest morbidity was observed in the Khabarovsk Territory, the lowest – in the Primorsky Territory. The level of seroprevalence among the population of the region was 19.6 % (95 % CI: 18.2–21.1) in the Khabarovsk Territory, 19.6 % (95 % CI: 18.1–21.2) in the Primorsky Territory19,6 % and 45,5 % (95 % CI: 43.7–47.3) in the Amur region. The highest seroprevalence was noted among 1–17 years old children, mainly due to the subgroup of 14–17-years-olds. The smallest proportion of seropositive was found among 40–49-year-olds in the Khabarovsk Territory (14.7 %, 95 % CI: 11.2–18.6), 18–28-yearolds in the Primorsky Territory (13.3 %, 95 % CI: 10.0–17.1) and 30–39-year-olds in the Amur Region (36.3 %, 95% CI: 31.7–41.6). No statistically significant dependence of seroprevalence on territorial and occupational factors has been established, with the exception of an increase in the proportion of seropositive medical workers in Primorsky Territory. In the process of 3-stage seromonitoring, a regular increase in the proportion of seropositive people was revealed in all SRFE. The resulting tendency is correctly described by a second-order polynomial. A relationship was revealed between the number of convalescents and persons in contact with them, which made it possible to calculate the base reproductive number (R0) in the range from 1.4 (Primorsky Territory) to 2.4 (Amur Region). Analysis of seroprevalent volunteers showed that the number of asymptomatic individuals varied from 94.1 % (95 % CI: 92.8–95.3) to 98.3 % (95 % CI: 98.8–99.2). This indicates that most of the volunteers had COVID-19 asymptomatically.Conclusions. A comparative study showed the prevalence of seroprevalence in the Amur Region compared with the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. The relationship between the number of convalescents and persons in contact with them was noted. The value of the base R0 is calculated. It has been shown that more than 90 % of seropositive individuals in the COVID-10 SRFE were asymptomatic.

Relevance. Khabarovsk region is considered to be the zone of risky agriculture. It is characterized by the monsoon climate (july - september), having no analogies in Russia by univen distribution of precipitation, temperature drops and high natural infections background. That is why the search of tomato sorts, responsive to environmental changes, with increased or stable yield is highly relevant. The aim of our perennial researches in the creation of highly productive sorts and hybrids of tomato, most fully realizing natural and climatic conditions of cultivation, having higher stability to the most harmful diseases, stress environmental factors and high productive potential. The most significant limiting factors when growing tomatoes in the region are high natural infections background and sharply variable hydrothermal regime, formed under the influence of the Priamurye monsoon climate.Methods. The selection work had been made on vegetable plot of DV NIISH. The seedlings had been growing by cassette method into film greenhouse, which had been no had heating. Then the seedlings was planted out into open ground in accordance with bed technology recommended in the region by scheme 140 X 35 cm. The main method of selection work of new tomato sorts creation was analytical with continious selection. All the necessary phenological, biometrical and psychopathological observations and accounts had been done by generally accepted methodics.Results. The results in development of tomato selection in DV NIISH was the creation of sorts with different ripening time: early ripe – Zarya Vostokа and middle ripe – Amursky Utios and Dunyasha. They were included in the State registry of selection achievements in 2008 year. Sorts Klad and Galant passed successfully the state sort tests and were included in the state registry of selection achievements in 2017 and 2018 years. All these sorts are recommended for growing in garden plots, private plots and farms.

This article analyses the cession of Russian America (Alaska) to the United States (1867), the role of American geopolitical plans and dreams, and Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky's strategic decision to concentrate Russia's resources on its continental regions. He considered Russia's main task to be the development of the Amur and its consolidation at its mouth and on the Pacific Ocean coast to head off the clear aspirations of Britain and France. The East Asian achievements of Nikolay N. Muravyov-Amursky are recognized, while his personal authorship of the original political plan linking Alaska's peaceful concession to the United States was a hidden consequence of subsequent events. The undeclared but real connection between the development of the Amur and the cession of Alaska was no mystery to contemporaries in Europe, but in Russia itself, due to the censorship, this issue has not entered the public consciousness, remaining the topic of basic historical works alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Accelerated development of the Far East has been — and still is — one of the main priorities of Russia’s regional policy in the 2010s. The cities and urban agglomerations of the region are proclaimed by the Russian government as key basic points of further economic growth in this part of the country. At the same time, despite the efforts of the federal and regional authorities, the processes of urbanization in most regions of the Far East are still in crisis. Goals. The study aims to analyze the results of the Soviet urbanization in Amur Oblast and the dynamics of urbanization processes in the region over the past three decades. Materials and Methods. Analyzing official statistical data, as well as statutory instruments at the national, regional and local levels, the paper uses a set of general scientific methods, the statistical method, and special methods of historical research, in particular, the problem-chronological one. Results. The entire system of urban settlements in Amur Oblast experienced a dramatic socioeconomic, infrastructural and demographic crisis in the 1990-2010s. Even the first half of the 1990s witnessed a weakening of urbanization processes and an outflow of population from the region caused by the restructuring and crisis of production, the weakening of state social policy, a decrease in investments in the engineering and household development of territories, and insufficient solution of housing problems. In the structure of urban settlements, the greatest changes have affected workmen’s settlements most of which have lost the prospects for industrial development. In the early 2010s, the development of urban settlements in the region was still constrained by a number of economic factors (the regional budget deficit and its dependence on federal subsidies, the ongoing production crisis of most of the city-forming enterprises, etc.). Large infrastructure projects in the region (construction of the Vostochny Cosmodrome, Power of Siberia gas pipeline, Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline, creation of advanced development areas) have supported urban settlements of the region’s industrial center in the 2010s. However, cities and towns in the north of the region have not received tangible sources of growth as a result of the Baikal–Amur Mainline project crisis. Conclusions. By the end of the 2010s, the general crisis of urbanization processes in the region resulted in that the network of urban settlements acquired more linear features — along the Trans-Siberian railway line — that be accompanied by concentrate resettlement towards Blagoveshchensk.

Environmental protection is a complex ecological and economic problem, including the need to develop and implement a number of environmental protection measures to mitigate the negative impact of mining waste on all natural environment components and human health. In this regard, the study purpose was to assess the impact of Pb, Cd, Cr, and As compounds on the environment and health of the population of the Solnechny miner’s village. Based on the purpose, the following tasks were set: 1) review and systematization of literature data on the problem of technogenic dust pollution; 2) assessment of the mining industrial system as a source of ecosystem pollution with toxic elements within the closed mining enterprises impact areas; 3) development of proposals for mitigating the impact of mining activities on ecosystems and human health. The paper presents the findings of the study of the elemental status of children and adolescents living within the closed town-forming enterprise JSC Solnechny GOK impact area. The relationship between the level of technogenic pollution of the natural environment and the changes in the elemental status of the children was shown. A feature of the elemental status of the children in the study group was high content of heavy metals, including Pb, Cr, and As. Our research confirmed the data that a growing child’s body actively adsorbs compounds of toxic chemical elements. Deficiency and imbalance of microelements in the body can cause ecologically-related diseases in the child population. Individual and population carcinogenic risks (CR) caused by the As, Pb, and Cr pollution were calculated. In accordance with the acceptance criteria for the risk caused by exposure to the pollutants, the individual carcinogenic risk CR (Cr) = 1,05 · 10–3 belongs to the fourth range and is unacceptable neither for the population, nor for occupational groups. This is De manifestis risk, and when it is reached, it is necessary to carry out emergency curative measures to mitigate it. The individual risks CR (As) = 7,05 · 10–4 also exceed the acceptable level for the population. This level of pollution is subject to permanent monitoring, requires development and implementation of planned curative measures to improve the indicators of the human environment, one of which is the organization of the environmental monitoring system in the study area.

Aim of the study was to investigate and compare the levels, structure, dynamics of indicators of morbidity complicating the course of pregnancy in the Irkutsk and Amur regions for the period 2008–2018. Material and methods. We used the databases of the Federal State Statistics Service and Medical Information Analytical Centers of the Irkutsk and Amur regions. To assess the trend of time series, we used one-way linear regression analysis. Time was independent variable. Results. Leading in the frequency of diseases of pregnant women: anemia, diseases of the genitourinary system, diseases of the circulatory system, thyroid disease. The highest incidence rates were recorded in the Amur Region. Trends in prevalence were noted in such forms as venous complications in pregnant women, diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diseases of the genitourinary system, diseases of the thyroid gland, diseases of the circulatory system showed a downward trend. Conclusion. In the Amur region, the incidence of pregnant women was higher than the average Russian level and the level in the Irkutsk region in such forms as diseases of the genitourinary system, thyroid disease and circulatory system diseases. In all objects, there has been a tendency to an increase in the prevalence of venous complications, diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases. The reason for this could be a crisis in the socioeconomic sphere, as well as an increase in the level of diagnosis.

The proposals of the authorities on the development of the Far East at the beginning of the 20th century are considered. The relevance of studying the past experience in the development of this region is due to the increased attention of the authorities to the introduction of large-scale programs to strengthen the eastern borders of the state. The authors note the increased scientific interest in the study of the history of the Far East development at the beginning of the 20th century. An analysis of government actions in the Amur region during this period allowed the authors to determine their relationship with the foreign policy position of the empire in the Far East. It was determined that the formation of the Committee for the Settlement of the Far East was aimed at consolidating the actions of the central and provincial authorities. The authors note that at the stage of preliminary coordination of the directions of the Committee’s activities, the members of the government did not have a holistic idea of the regional development strategy. A comparative analysis revealed that the proposals of the central and regional authorities did not have any fundamental differences. The pragmatism of the proposals of local governors was noted. The authors come to the conclusion that the creation of the Committee for the Settlement of the Far East and the organization of the Amur expedition were undertaken under the influence of an external threat and aimed at strengthening the military-industrial potential of the region. The authors note that the administrative and economic development of the region was not a priority for the central authorities.

The Russian Far East saw rapid development in the latter half of XIX – early XX centuries. The Eastern periphery of the Russian Empire attracted attention of foreign scientists. The objective of the present research was to analyze works published by American, British, and German researchers in the second half of XIX – early XXI centuries and devoted to the "late Imperial" history of the Russian Far East. Since the very first foreign publications on the history of accession of the Amur and Primorye regions, foreign studies focused not only on Russia’s foreign policy and military aspects of its eastward expansion but also on the geographical, demographic, social, and economic factors of the colonization. In the late XX century, Western publications featured mostly intercultural, inter-ethnic, and sociocultural problems, as well as ideological aspects of state policy and the changing image of the Russian Far East. English- and German-language scholars offered a great variety of concepts; however, two main trends stood out quite clearly. Most researchers emphasized the impact of the geopolitical context and the role of Russia’s expansionist policy, as the country fought for power in the Pacific Rim. However, some authors acknowledged Russia's objective necessity to strengthen its position on the Pacific coast, protect its Far Eastern territories, and develop their economy.

Construction of the Cobb – Douglas production function taking into account the factor “innovations and information” (on the example of the economy of the Amur region) has been considered. The adequacy of the obtained production function to the initial data has been checked using Fisher`s criterion. An analysis of the constructed production function using the indicators of average and marginal resource efficiency, elasticity of output, depending on resource consumption has been carried out. It has been revealed, that labor is the most stable factor during the study period. In the Amur Region in 2000-2017 labor-saving (intensive) gross regional product growth is observed. However, this indicator increased more slowly than factors, that is, the average costs calculated per 1 unit of output are growing and there is a diminishing effect on the scale of production.

The purpose of the study is a statistical analysis of the labor resources of the Amur Region as one of the components of the region’s competitiveness. Materials and methods. To conduct a statistical analysis of the region’s labor resources, statistical methods were used, such as calculating absolute and relative dynamics’ indicators, average values, structure indicators, comparative analysis, graphical analysis method, as well as a general theoretical analysis method of Russian literary sources. The main research method was dynamic analysis. To assess the competitiveness of the region, the rating method was used. The study is based on statistics from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, as well as the Territorial Authority of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Amur Region. In this research, the works of authors are presented: Vlasova V.I., Zemlyanukhina S.G., Shunina V.I., Shelomentseva M.V., Motrich E.L., Ryzhova N.P., Zhuravskaya T.N., Mishchuk S.N., Danchenko E.V., Ryazantseva S.V., Polevoy N.M., Ponkratova L.A., Tsarevskaya E.A., Koroleva S.I., Novikova I.V., Reimera V.V., Rychkova E.S., Dyachenko V.N., Lazareva V.V. and others. Results. The statistical analysis of the labor component of the competitiveness of the Amur Region made it possible to identify the unfavorable demographic situation in the region, manifested in the annual decline in the labor force in the region. In this case, migration loss leads to a population decline. It is important to note that the share of labor in the total population of the region is increasing every year. At the same time, this increase is higher for men than for women. The employment rate of the population of the Amur region at the age of 15–72 years is increasing every year. Perhaps this trend indicates a decline in the standard of living of the population of the region, which forces the population in old age to engage in economic activity. Confirmation of this fact is a decrease in unemployment in the region. Another trend indirectly indicating a decrease in household income is a 3.3-fold increase in employment among the elderly from 60 to 72 years. The largest number of labor resources is still engaged in trade. Assessment of the competitiveness of labor resources in the Amur region showed their inefficient use in the region. In the Far Eastern Federal District, the region is in the last but one place. Conclusion. The competitiveness of the region’s economy is determined by many factors, among which the labor potential occupies a special place. One of the most important tasks of successful socio-economic development of the region is to achieve the most efficient use of the potential of labor and business activity of the population of the region. It is possible to improve the use of labor resources in the region by creating new jobs, manufacturing products with high added value, increasing the level and quality of life of the population, creating the appropriate infrastructure for the life of the population of the territory. In the context of a reduction in the number of labor resources in the region, it is necessary to look for reserves to replenish them. In the increase in the retirement age of the population, attention should be paid to the elderly population as one of such reserves. In addition, taking into account the border position of the Amur region, we should think of the reasonable use for foreign labor in the region. The development and implementation of an effective policy of attracting older people and foreign citizens to work will achieve a balance in the formation and use of the labor potential of the region.

This article is based on the argument that Daurs, despite speaking a Mongolic language, have shamanic traditions similar to that of the Manchu, Evenki, and other Tungusic groups of the Amur Region. The most important source for the shamanic traditions of the Tungusic peoples of the Amur Region is the story of the Nisan Saman. According to this story and fieldwork among Tungusic peoples, the shamanic journey is practiced as part of ritual. When the author himself visited the Daurs of Hailar (Hölönbuir) and Morin-Dawaa, the modern shamanic practices were based on spirit possession similar to the Buriad tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epidemiological situation of glaucoma has been noted to deteriorate throughout Russia and the Amur region in particular. The overall incidence of glaucoma for 1990-2014 (as estimated by referral), increased by 102.6 %: from 3.9 to 7.9 ‰. The primary incidence of glaucoma (by referral) for the same period increased by 75 % - from 0.4 to 0.7 ‰. The overall incidence of glaucoma (by referral) among urban population increased by 162.5 % - from 4.0 to 10.5 ‰. Among rural population, the overall incidence of glaucoma (by referral) increased by 94.4 %, from 1.8 to 3.5 ‰. The primary incidence among urban population of the Amur Region during the period under review increased by 400 % from 0.3 to 1.5 ‰. Among rural population, the primary incidence (by referral) increased by 100%, from 0.3 to 0.6 ‰. Our medium-term forecasts show that by 2019 we can expect further increase of general and primary morbidity of glaucoma in the Amur region, more pronounced among urban population. An increase in glaucoma incidence is probably due, first of all, to an increase in life expectancy and in the rising share of people of elderly and advanced age in the population of the region. However, it should not be disregarded that considerable deterioration in the early diagnosis of glaucoma is associated with the lack of compulsory tonometric examination for patients aged 40 or more who referred to a medical facility for the first time this year // Russian Ophthalmological Journal, 2016; 2: 23-6 . doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2016-9-2-23-26 .

The results in the article have both practical and scientific significance. The practical significance is due to the need to determine the parameters of the initial condition of natural landscapes in the impact zones (IZ) of the separated parts of launch vehicles, which will be used to identify changes in the process of their operation. Scientific significance is associated with the low knowledge of the studied landscapes, because of their inaccessibility. The main components of the landscape, which may be adversely affected by space rocket activity (surface water, snow cover, plants, and soils), were used as the objects of the study. Samples were taken in three stages: autumn, winter, and summer-autumn. During the autumn stage, water samples were taken; during the winter, snow samples; and during the summer-autumn, water, soil, and plant samples. Acidity (pH), chemical oxygen demand (COD), hydrocarbons, and ionic composition were determined in water and snow samples; pH, hydrocarbons and total organic carbon, elemental composition, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined in soil samples; elemental composition was determined in plant samples. During the autumn low-water season, the chemical properties of water in all rivers did not differ significantly, except for Junguele river, which had a lower acidity and more intense chemical oxygen demand, as well as a higher concentration of Mg2+ and K+ ions. In the winter stage, it was revealed that the snow cover of all planned IZ will turn into slightly acidic or neutral waters with a slight concentration of hydrocarbons, NO3−, Mg2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Al3+, the distribution of which is uniform within the boundaries of each IZ. During the summer-autumn stage, despite the flood, no significant changes in the chemical composition of water in the studied rivers were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hunting farms can serve as a source of primary data on the state of natural resources. Taking into account the increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, it is necessary to constantly monitor the situation with food for ungulates and predators in order to be able to take timely measures to improve the quality of habitat for wild fauna. Populations of wild large animals live in the host landscapes of so reduced that animals population become extremely vulnerable and unstable, signs of crisis can be seen in the data on the number of animals. Lack of natural food is a serious deterrent, especially in difficult times of the year, such as winter and spring. An analysis of the situation with food for a particular species will allow hunting farms to properly plan their feeding and other activities throughout the year in order to maintain a population of certain species on their territory and minimize the migration of species outside the protected areas. The aim of our work was to create a baseline for tracking data on the characteristics of wildlife animals. The research results allow hunting farms to use the data of animal feeding preferences during different seasons of the year for better organization of their biotechnical measures and improvement of feeding conditions for such species as red deer (Cervus elaphus), elk (Cervus canadensis), roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and bear(Ursus arctos). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of 120 original stations, macrozoobenthic communities of rivers from two adjacent areas of the Lower Amur Region (Khabarovsk krai) have been described. Rivers basins are characterized by contrasting landscape conditions: the Anyuy River basin in the piedmonts of the Sikhote-Alin mountain range and the Simmi River basin on the Amur Lowland. About 250 taxa of macroinvertebrates have been found; 16 types of communities have been described. The principal differences in both benthic fauna and macrozoobenthic communities in the basins of the Anyuy River (cold-water rheophilic fauna as well as ritral and crenal communities predominate) and the Simmi River (warm-water limnophilic fauna and phytal communities predominate) are shown. We discuss the reasons for these differences, specific features of the fauna and communities of the whole region, and the biogeographical position of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to estimate the medical care for cancer patients in the Amur region from 1999 to 2014. Material and methods. The study was based on cancer register data collected at the Oncology Dispensary of Amur region and covered the period 1999 to 2014. Results. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women of the Amur region, accounting for 20.8 % of all cancer cases. In 2013, the breast cancer incidence rate was 52.8 per 100,000. The incidence rate for breast cancer increased by 36.4 % from 2003 to 2013, the overall rise being 2.2 %. The mortality rate decreased from 20.3 % in 2003 to 17.3 % in 2014. Cancer care in rural areas of the Amur region is worse than in Blagoveshchensk, which is the regional administrative center. The one-year mortality rate in rural areas is 1.3 times higher than that in the city. The one-year mortality rate is 1.3 times higher in rural areas than in the city, and is 1.2 times higher in the Amur region than in the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Appropriate treatment and prevention measures are recommended for further improvement of medical care for breast cancer patients in the Amur region.

Information is given about 15 new records of vascular plant species from the Tukuringra ridge. Cystopteris dickeana R. Sim was recorded from the Amur River basin and the Amur Region for the first time. Aster serpentimontanus Tamamsch, Chamaepericlymenum canadense (L.) Asch. & Graebn, Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge, Elytrigia jacutorum (Nevski) Nevski., Hippuris vulgaris L., Listera savatieri Maxim. ex Kom., Viola mirabilis L., Cicuta virosa L. and Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray. are new findings for the Zeysky Strict Nature Reserve. Caulinia japonica (Nakai) Nakai, Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle, Potamogeton octandrus Poir. were for the first time detected in the eastern part of the Tukuringra ridge.

Boreal forest areas in the Russian Far East contained very large intact forests. This particular area is considered one of the most productive and diverse forests in the boreal biome of the world, and it is also home to many endangered species. Zeya State Nature Reserve is located at the southern margin of the boreal forest area in the Russian Far East and has rich fauna and flora. However, the forest in the region faced large-scale forest fires and clearcutting for timber recently. The information of disturbances is rarely understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of disturbance and forest dynamics around the reserve. Our study used two-year overlaid Landsat images from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), to generate forest-cover-change maps of 1988–1999, 1999–2010, and 2010–2016. In this paper, we analyze the direction of forest successional stages, to demonstrate the effectiveness of this protected area in terms of preventing human-based deforestation on the vegetation indices. The vegetation indices included the normalized burn ratio (NBR), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the normalized difference water index (NDWI). The study provided information on the pattern of forest-cover change and disturbance area around the reserve. The NDWI was used to differentiate between water and non-water areas. The mean values of NBR and NDVI were calculated and determine the forest successional stages between burn, vegetation recovery, grass, mixed forest, oak forest, and birch and larch forest. The accuracy was assessed by using field measurements, field photos, and high-resolution images as references. Overall, our classification results have high accuracy for all three periods. The most disturbed area occurred during 2010–2016. The reserve was highly protected, with no human-disturbance activity. However, large areas from fire disturbance were found (137 km2) during 1999–2010. The findings also show a large area of disturbance, mostly located outside of the reserve. Mixed disturbance increased to almost 50 km2 during 2010–2016, in the buffer zone and outside of the reserve. We recommend future works to apply our methods to other ecosystems, to compare the forest dynamics and disturbance inside and outside the protected area.

This paper is concerned with spatial relationships between seismic zones in the eastern Priamurye region (М ≥ 5) on the one hand and, on the other, regional faults and zones of hidden faults as indicated by axes of gravity and magnetic anomalies. The seismoactive zones where М ≥ 5 earthquakes occurred are mostly confined to regional faults, while there are two cases where no such relationship has been detected. Seismic zones are observed both at intersections of regional faults and at intersections of regional faults with hidden faults of different rank. The seismic zones comprise inclined and subvertical deep-seated faults as identified by deep seismic sounding (DSS), the earthquake converted wave method (ECWM), and magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) surveys. The seismoactive zones were studied by geophysical techniques to identify indication of fluid saturation, as follows: the seismoactive faults frequently control low velocity and low resistivity inhomogeneities in the Earth's crust and upper mantle; some seismoactive faults have displaced the Moho interface; there are dome-shaped flexures of crustal interfaces and of the Moho interface; and the crust is found to contain numerous conversion interfaces. The deep occurrence of seismoactive faults and the indications of fluid saturation suggest that the seismoactive faults in the eastern Priamurye region provide supply of fluids from the mantle to the crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article examines the importance of rice and oats cultivation in the light of current food balance in Russia. One of the problems of their low yield that the authors consider is climatic conditions in the region. They go on to prove the importance of research which is related to the need of developing effective water regimes for the cultivation of grain crops while observing current principles of water conservation and environmental safety requirements of production. Experimental studies that were conducted during the research period have proved the regularity of formation of production process and yield of adapted rice and oats varieties and their dependence on the irrigation and mineral nutrition regimes. The authors have proved that it is possible to obtain the yield of oats at the level of 5.4 t/ha under the irrigation regime of 80% of minimum moisture capacity (MMC) and the dose of mineral fertilizers of N45P45K45. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The by-products of the Far East Sn deposits related to Li–F granites include trace elements. The petrography and mineral composition of the Sn-bearing metasomatites of the Verkhneurmiysky ore cluster (VUOC) of the Amur region (feldspatites, greisens, zwitters, turmalinites, and chloritites) and the multistage complex rare-metal (RM) mineralization of the Sn occurrences in area of Li–F granites are studied. The minerals of strategic metals (Nb, Ta, W, Y, REE (from La to Lu), Be, Li, Rb, Zr, Hf, In, Sc, Se, Cd, and Te) are found. The RMs occur as minerals (fergusonite, plumbopyrochlore, allanite, monazite, roquesite, sakuraiite, etc.) and isomorphic substitution in the ore (wolframite; cassiterrite; Cu, Sn, Fe, Mo, Zn, and Pb sulfides; native bismuth; etc.) and rock-forming (fluorite, siderophyllite, muscovite, and epidote) minerals. Some RMs (Y, REEs, Nb, In, and Sc) most frequently occur in Sn-bearing metasomatites. The RM minerals formed during the VUOC evolution (from the premineral feldspatite to the postmineral chloritite stage) with decreasing intensity of RM mineral formation and compositional evolution from lithophile to chalcophile RMs: (LREE, Zr, Hf) → (W, Nb, Ta, Y, HREEs, Sc) → (Sn, In, Cd, Se, Te). The formation of the VUOC RM mineralization was caused by magmatic, metasomatic, and crystal chemical factors. The possible complex exploration of the Far East Sn deposits is shown for areas of Li–F granites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—: Traces of damage on fossil Taxodium leaves from the Tsagayan Formation of the Arkhara-Boguchan brown coal field (Amur Region, Russia; Paleocene) are studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is shown that the damage was caused by endophytic micromycetes. The problems of classification of microscopic damage to fossil plants are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of determining the dependence of the chainsaw on the density of wood, substantiation of effective options for the number of chainsaws in the assortment and whiplash method of logging is quite relevant. In the Far East of Russia, in particular, in the Amur region, the forest growth conditions are different from the western ones, and therefore, the properties of the wood differ from the generally accepted ones. The article describes forest growth conditions that influence the properties of the wood in areas of the Amur region. Using the method of density determination, the density of larch, pine and birch were studied for first time in the areas of the region. The dependence of the density on humidity, age, species, season of the year and the area of growth was found out. The results of the research showed that under humidity of 70%, the density of larch was 1088.99 kg/m3, it was 919.8 kg/m3 for pine and it was for birch 915.9 kg/m3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between size of farms and their productivity creates continuing debates in the economic literature, devoted to problems of development. For example, what type of agricultural enterprises are more efficient - small family farms or large agricultural enterprises that use a corporate model of doing business; or firms that operate large or small plots of land? This article attempts to answer the question about the relationship between performance and size of the firm in the agriculture of the Amur region. The results of the production function evaluation based on microeconomic panel data of agricultural enterprises of the Amur region for the period 2002-2014 indicate decreasing returns to scale of production. The resulting estimation of model (using as explanatory variable the area of agricultural land and arable land) reveals decreasing returns to scale which in turn indicate that the average size of agricultural enterprises is close to optimal only for those businesses for which the land area is a key parameter for economic results

The analysis of parasitic diseases in the territory of the Amur region is carried out. Distribution of helminthosis on the frequency of occurrence and prevalence of parasites in certain areas is considered. Clonorchosis - one of the most widespread helminthosis in the Amur region

The studied region is located at the junction between the Pacific and Central Asian seismoactive belts. Macroseismic data on earthquakes of this region are available for the last 150 years, while instrumental seismological observations began in the mid-20th century; however, the recurrence interval of strong earthquakes can be up to several centuries and even thousands of years. In this respect, many areas of the Amur region had been believed to be nearly aseismic until earthquakes occurred there. Paleoseismogeological studies of recent years have allowed the character of Holocene displacements to be estimated for some of the main regional structures. As a result, the main tendencies of the Late Quaternary geological evolution of the region remain uncertain and the potential seismogenerating structures are not completely known. Therefore the problem of revealing new zones and periods of seismic activity is topical for the entire Amur region. The importance of this problem is related to the weak degree of study of the region by contemporary methods of active tectonics, the intensive development of engineering infrastructure, which is vulnerable to seismic impacts, and the necessity of long-term seismic forecasting. The present work provides the results of paleoseismogeological studies of the active faults in the Amur region. On the basis of new data on the magnitude potential of seismogenerating structures based on the magnitudes of historical earthquakes and instrumentally recorded ones, we have estimated the seismic effects from strong deep-focus earthquakes and the attenuation coefficients and calculated radii of the first three isoseismals for crustal earthquakes. By using the methods of statistical modeling, we distinguish the periods when seismic effects increased from earthquakes with 2 ≤ M ≤ 6. It is shown that seismic hazard assessment should take into account the dynamics of the seismic regime, caused by the change of the earthquake source depth. It is found that the epicenters of earthquakes with 5 ≤ M ≤ 6 form non-crossing seismic zones in different phases of changes in the Earth’s annual rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Ulmus priamurica sp. nov. (Ulmaceae), from the deposits of the Sazanka Formation (upper Middle-Upper Miocene) of the Erkovetskii Brown Coal Field (Amur Region, Russia) is described based on anatomical features of fossil wood. The new species shows some wood anatomical characters of the extant elms U. japonica and U. americana. Fossil wood of Ulmus was found in the Amur Region for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The constructed economic-and-geological model of a commercial alunite deposit in the Amur Region (in terms of Burinda mineralization) includes two scenarios based on the criteria of alumina requirements in and development profitability. The production infrastructure involves open pit mining and processing based on reduction and alkaline treatment in a unified circuit with synnyrite. The calculations show that construction of a mining and processing plant at the deposit is profitable in both scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fossil leaves and associated reproductive structures from the Kundur locality, Amur Region, are examined. A new genus of the unlobed platanaceous leaves, Kunduriphyllum gen. nov. (Platanaceae) is described based on distinctive morphological and epidermal features. The similarity of epidermal characteristics and identical biological damage suggest that the leaves Kunduriphyllum kundurense gen. et comb. nov., staminate inflorescences Kundurianthus, and infructescences Kunduricarpus could be assigned to a single plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time-frequency parameters of weak earthquakes and microseisms are studied. The qualitative and quantitative relationships of the power spectral density of seismic waves are established; these relationships vary in terms of frequency spectrum for the areas of the northeastern framing of the Tan Lu fault system and Bureya massif. The reason for these differences could be the influence of the crustal geological structure near the observations points. Resulting from the time-frequency analysis of weak earthquakes, two sites located in the Tan Lu fault zone show an increase in the power spectrum at frequencies of 1 to 5 Hz and the resonant excitation of the medium at high frequencies (12.5-35 Hz) for the area of the Bureya hydroelectric power station during the travelling of seismic waves from weak earthquakes. A longer attenuation of the power spectral density of seismic waves at high frequencies is noted, and this may occur due to resonant excitation of the medium and the influence of the dam on the geological medium. On the contrary, this effect was not observed at the second site located near Lake Udyl. It is shown that the increase in power can be attributed to the interaction between seismic waves and spatial inhomogeneities in the Earth's crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Betula erkovetskiensis Blokhina et O.V. Bondarenko (Betulaceae), from the deposits of the Sazanka Formation (upper Middle−Upper Miocene) of the Erkovetskii Brown Coal Field (Amur Region, Russia) is described based on anatomical features of fossil wood. The new species shows some wood anatomical characters of the extant birch subgenus Betula, B. davurica, B. nigra (section Dahuricae), and B. papyrifera (section Betula). Fossil wood of Betula is found in the Amur Region for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Level of primary disability of adult population of the Amur region from 2005 to 2011 owing to eye diseases decreased with 6,00/000 to 1,40/000. In structure of disability the urban population prevails. In the Amur region, by data on the extremity of 2011, primary disability of the I group made 28%, the II groups - 25,8% and the III groups - 46,2% that is approximately comparable to distribution on the average across the Russian Federation.

The article views an experience of organizing statistical and economic surveys of Cossack and peasant farms in the Amur Region during the Amur expedition in 1910. It shows specific features of dividing into districts the underdeveloped and thinly populated Far-East’s territory, as well as of choosing a method of data collection (complete census) and devising a special survey program

The article views an experience of organizing statistical and economic surveys of Cossack and peasant farms in the Amur Region during the Amur expedition in 1910. It shows specific features of dividing into districts the underdeveloped and thinly populated Far-East’s territory, as well as of choosing a method of data collection (complete census) and devising a special survey program

The potentials and perspectives of using the macroeconomic scientific-informational maps in the regional economic structure and spatial organization analysis are examined. Using the examples of pilot sample maps of the Amur region created by the authors some specific methods of designing and improving the contents of basic maps, used as an informational source and an instrument of studying mature spatial socio-economic formations and also concluding maps, created during the study of the mapped region’s socio-economic space are described

The potentials and perspectives of using the macroeconomic scientific-informational maps in the regional economic structure and spatial organization analysis are examined. Using the examples of pilot sample maps of the Amur region created by the authors some specific methods of designing and improving the contents of basic maps, used as an informational source and an instrument of studying mature spatial socio-economic formations and also concluding maps, created during the study of the mapped region’s socio-economic space are described