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Aim: To determine the extent of cholesteatoma by imaging and intraoperative findings in both pediatric and adult category. Objectives: To study the extent of disease (cholesteatoma); (a) Radiologically (HRCT-Temporal Bone) and (b) Intraoperatively, to study the post-op hearing outcome and to study the healing period (dry cavity/ epithelization of cavity) following surgery in pediatric and adult category. Materials and Method: A prospective observational study was conducted on 60 patients of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Each category had 30 patients, all of which were subjected to thorough preoperative clinical examination and HRCT temporal bone scans. The scans were evaluated with the help of Lynrah et al. grading for the radiological extension of disease. The same grading system was applied for the intraoperative extension of disease. All the patients were scrutinized for upto 6 months for the follow up of mastoid cavity epithelisation and post operative hearing gain results. Results: The majority of the patients in both the categories had Grade II disease extension, illustrated in their radiological as well as intraoperative findings signifying an excellent correlation amongst the two. The epithelization of mastoid cavity postoperatively was delayed in pediatric group due to presence of huge voluminous mastoid pneumatisation. The postoperative hearing gain results were good in both the categories. Conclusion: It was concluded that limited extension of disease with early diagnosis and timely intervention in pediatric group could result in favorable prognosis in terms of healing of mastoid cavity postoperatively and hearing gain results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many countries imposed restrictions and quarantines on the population, which led to a decrease in people's physical activity (PA) and severely damaged their mental health. As a result, people engaged in fitness activities with the help of fitness apps, which improved their resistance to the virus and reduced the occurrence of psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression. However, the churn rate of fitness apps is high. As such, our purpose in this study was to analyze the factors that influence the use of fitness apps by adults aged 18-65 years in the context of COVID-19, with the aim of contributing to the analysis of mobile fitness user behavior and related product design practices. We constructed a decision target program model using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and we analyzed and inductively screened 11 evaluation indicators, which we combined with an indicator design questionnaire. We distributed 420 questionnaires; of the respondents, 347 knew about or used fitness apps. Among these 347, we recovered 310 valid questionnaires after removing invalid questionnaires with a short completion time, for an effective questionnaire recovery rate of 89.33%. We used the AHP and entropy method to calculate and evaluate the weight coefficient of each influencing factor and to determine an influencing factor index. Our conclusions were as follows: first, the effect of perceived usefulness on the use of fitness apps by the study groups was the most notable. Second, personal motivation and perceived ease of use considerably influenced the adult group's willingness to use fitness apps. Finally, the perceived cost had relatively little effect on the use of fitness apps by adults, and the study group was much more concerned with the privacy cost than the expense cost.

Summary: A group of 80 children ranging in age from 6 to 10 years (subdivided into groups 1–5 according to chronological age) has been compared with an adult group on the basis of condylar path length and maximum mouth-opening capacity. The condylar path length and the mouth-opening capacity were measured using the ultrasonic JMA®-System for registration. In the development of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), condylar path length and mouth-opening capacity were found to increase with age in the juvenile group. In the oldest juvenile subgroup (subgroup 5; average age: 10.3 years) the condylar path length reached 17.6mm on the left and 17.3mm on the right. This is equivalent to 90.3% (left) and 91.1% (right) of the size in the adult group. The mean maximum mouth-opening capacity of the oldest juvenile subgroup was 56.3mm and reached 98.9% of the size in the adult group. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]