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Objective: To retrospectively analyze the effects of different treatments on cognitive functioning, anxiety, and depression in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in multiple databases including the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Sino Med, Wei Pu, Wan Fang, CNKI, and Google Scholar. The search included studies published through June 20, 2023, focusing on cognitive function, anxiety, and depression in adult patients newly diagnosed with PCNSL. Various measurement tools and scales were used to assess the primary outcomes. Descriptive systematic reviews were conducted to integrate the literature and summarize the effects of different treatment modalities on cognitive functioning, anxiety, and depression in PCNSL patients. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022370250). Results: A total of 43 studies were included. Induction chemotherapy was associated with improved cognitive function and reduced anxiety and depression in the majority of patients. Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was found to lead to cognitive impairment, particularly in executive, attention, memory, and motor function. Low-dose WBRT, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) treatments did not result in significant cognitive impairment. Anxiety and depression were observed to decrease over the long term. Conclusions: Overall, the cognitive functioning, anxiety, and depression of patients with PCNSL can be improved with appropriate treatments. However, patients treated with WBRT are at a higher risk of cognitive decline compared to those receiving other treatment modalities. Therefore, special attention should be given to patients undergoing WBRT, and a comprehensive analysis should be conducted to reduce neurotoxicity and address early cognitive problems in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a challenging clinical problem. Researches on extracellular vesicles from urine‐derived stem cells (USC‐EVs) have shown that they have significant therapeutic effects in a variety of diseases by injection including ED. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is especially useful for delivering bioactive molecules. This study investigated the effects and related mechanisms of local administration of human USC‐EVs combined with HA (USC‐EVs‐HA) on a rat model of DM2ED. Methods: UCSs were extracted from human urine samples and identified for preparation of the corresponding USC‐EVs. The effects of high glucose and USC‐EVs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assessed in vitro using a CCK‐8 assay to determine cell proliferation and pick the most appropriate concentration for subsequent experiments. Scratch and tube formation assays were performed to assess the function of HUVECs. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression of genes such as B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (BAX), and superoxide dismutase‐2 (SOD2). HA, USC‐EVs, and USC‐EVs‐HA were prepared at concentrations and then administered topically to DM2ED rats multiple times. Intracavernous pressure and mean arterial pressure were measured to assess erectile function in rats. Masson, Tunel, Immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis were performed to assess the fibrosis and endothelial function in corpus cavernosum, respectively. Results: Compared with the control group, the proliferation, migration ability, and tube‐forming ability of HUVECs decreased in high glucose environment, while USC‐EVs could optimize the function of HUVECs, reverse the expression of apoptotic genes, and enhance the antioxidant capacity. USC‐EVs‐HA showed improvement in ED compared to the HA and USC‐EVs groups, and the 10‐dose group was better than the 5‐dose group. Histologically, the USC‐EVs‐HA group significantly improved apoptosis, angiogenesis, and smooth muscle regeneration in the corpus cavernosum compared to the HA group. Conclusions: The topical application of USC‐EVs‐HA in the treatment of DM2ED rats has been proved effective. The potential mechanism might to promote the proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum, which leads to the remodeling of erectile function. And multiple dosing at intervals may make the effect more pronounced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kidney transplantation is a primary therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) all the time. But it does not mean that we have fully unraveling the mystery of kidney transplantation and confer every patient favorable prognosis. Immune rejection has always been a stumbling block when we try to increase the success rate of kidney transplantation and improve long-term outcomes. Even if the immune rejection is effectively controlled in acute phase, there is a high possibility that the immune response mediated by chronically activated antibodies will trigger chronic rejection and ultimately lead to graft failure. At present, immunosuppressive agent prepared chemically is mainly used to prevent acute or chronic rejection, but it failed to increase the long-term survival rate of allografts or reduce the incidence of chronic rejection after acute rejection, and is accompanied by many adverse reactions. Therefore, many studies have begun to use immune cells to regulate the immune response in order to control allograft rejection. This article will focus on the latest study and prospects of more popular regulatory myeloid cells in the direction of renal transplantation immunotherapy and introduce their respective progress from experimental research to clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To optimize the allocation of nursing resources, we investigate an alternative strategy for indwelling catheter cleaning. Methods. The present study involved a total of 117 male patients and 54 female patients, who were catheterized after urinary surgery from Aug 2018 to Feb 2019. The samples of indwelling catheter cleaning solutions were divided by two parts for microbiological culture and microbiome analysis. Results. No pathogenic bacteria were observed in the microbiological culture of the indwelling catheter cleaning samples from 24 h-uncleaned group and 48 h-uncleaned group. The microbiome analysis also showed no significant difference in bacterial diversity and quantity of the indwelling catheter cleaning solutions between the two groups. Conclusion. The indwelling catheter cleaning for male after urinary surgery can be prolonged to 48 h. The result of this study provided reliable basis for optimizing the allocation of clinical nursing resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, the urinary system was regarded as a sterile environment due to the absence of any bacterial growth in clinical standard urine cultures from healthy individuals. However, a diverse array of microbes colonizes the urinary system in small quantities, exhibiting a variable compositional signature influenced by differences in sex, age, and pathological state. Increasing pieces of evidence suggest microbiota exists in tumor tissue and plays a crucial role in tumor microenvironment based on research in multiple cancer models. Current studies about microbiota and bladder cancer have preliminarily characterized the bladder cancer-related microbiota, but how the microbiota influences the biological behavior of bladder cancer remains unclarified. This review summarizes the characteristics of microbiota in bladder cancer, aims to propose possible mechanisms that microbiota acts in tumorigenesis and progression of bladder cancer based on advances in gut microbiota, and discusses the potential clinical application of microbiota in bladder cancer., Competing Interests: All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s) 2023.)