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The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a spectacular rise in social media communication and an unprecedented avalanche of global conversation. This paper traces the emergence of the racist term "Chinese virus" used by the President of the United States, Donald Trump, on the Western social media platform Twitter and its reception and recontextualization on Chinese social media. Creative bilingual responses fusing English and Chinese resulted in a popular searchable meme "#[foreign characters omitted]#" ("#Chinglish used for cross-cultural communication#"), on Weibo, a Chinese social media platform. Such linguistic creativity involves a variation of swears to mock and condemn the racist phrase. Formally, linguistic practices such as self-coinage, transliteration, verbal repetition, and acronyms can be observed. Functionally, the recontexualizations evidence a defensive ideology linked to nationalism and modernism. Ultimately, combatting the English racist term "Chinese virus" with a creative mixture of English and Chinese demonstrates how English has become ever more decentered during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Although high‐efficiency host‐sensitizer‐TBRb‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (HST‐OLEDs) are widely reported, the reasons for their high performances are still vague because the important role of hot exciton in TBRb emitter (T2, TBRb) has not been recognized previously. Herein, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.9% is obtained from a HST‐OLED by co‐doping the Ir(ppy)3 sensitizer and TBRb emitter into the CBP host. Such a remarkable efficiency is mainly attributed to the efficient utilization of the T2, TBRb via the cascade Dexter energy transfer (DET) channels from triplet excitons of host and sensitizer to T2, TBRb (T1, CBP→DET$\mathop \to \limits^{{\mathrm{DET}}} $ T1, Ir(ppy)3→DET$\mathop \to \limits^{{\mathrm{DET}}} $ T2, TBRb) followed by the hot‐exciton reverse intersystem crossing (RISC, T2, TBRb→RISC$\mathop \to \limits^{{\mathrm{RISC}}} $ S1, TBRb) and triplet fusion (TF, T2, TBRb + T2, TBRb→TF$\mathop \to \limits^{{\mathrm{TF}}} $ Sm, TBRb→IC$\mathop \to \limits^{{\mathrm{IC}}} $ S1, TBRb) processes for radiative decays. These cascade DET channels are demonstrated by spectroscopic analyses and magneto‐electroluminescence studies. More importantly, this HST‐OLED presents an extremely low‐efficiency roll‐off, that is, the EQEs separately exhibit 24.34% and 19.73% at 1000 and 10 000 cd m−2 compared to the maximum EQE of 24.9%. Obviously, this work paves a promising pathway for fabricating further high‐efficiency HST‐OLEDs for applications in illumination and flat‐panel display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber modification can promote the stabilization efficiency and mechanical properties of the subsequent carbon fibers; however, it could cause damage to the fibers to some extent. In this article, the effects of NaIO4 treatment on the chemical and physical properties of PAN fibers were investigated. After NaIO4 modification, the cyclization reaction has partially occurred, owing to the FTIR revealed that the C≡N peak was weakened, but the C=N stretching vibration peak, the –N = C=O stretching vibration peak, the C=O stretching vibration absorption peak, and the short sequence conjugate C=N characteristic peak were enhanced simultaneously, indicating a successful cyclization and dehydrogenation reaction. Moreover, owing to more oxygen-containing functional groups successfully attached to the PAN fibers and the cyclization reaction taking place, the initial temperature, peak temperature, and heat release of cyclization decreased, which means a more efficient and safer stabilization process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the (100) crystal plane microcrystal size was the smallest at 40 °C of the modification temperature, whereas the (002) crystal plane microcrystal size was the largest at 60 °C. The modified stabilized PAN fibers presented lower crystallinity and a more aromatic structure compared with untreated fibers. Raman spectra revealed a significant increase in the intensity of the G peak after NaIO4 modification; the R-value decreased from 1.65 to 1.43, demonstrating a transformation of the sp3 hybrid carbon structure into a more graphite-like sp2 hybrid C=C structure. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images disclosed additional grooves and cracks on the fiber surface after modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Multimodal communication in young multilingual children: Learning beyond words" by Jieun Kiaer explores how multilingual children in Korean-English households acquire language development through communication. The book is divided into two parts and an epilogue, with the first part contextualizing the study and describing translanguaging as a multilingual competence. The second part outlines six thematic studies that investigate how translanguaging operates in dynamic intercultural contexts. The book offers insights into how multilingual children interact with families and friends using different languages and modes, and it highlights the relationship between translanguaging and embodied mechanisms. The book's ethnographic approach and longitudinal data collection contribute to the authenticity and reliability of the research. Overall, the book is a valuable resource for scholars and students working in the fields of multilingualism, sociolinguistics, discourse studies, and literacy studies. [Extracted from the article]

The effects of KBrO3 modification on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fibers at different modification temperatures were studied. The mechanical properties, chemical structure, aggregation structure, morphological structure, and thermal behavior of PAN precursor fibers were analyzed. The mechanical properties of PAN precursor fibers are essentially unaltered after KBrO3 modification, although oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced. KBrO3 can ionize bromate ion in aqueous solution, which has good nucleophilicity and can attack the positively charged carbon atom in C≡N, so that the cyclization proceeds according to the ionic mechanism, allowing the transformation of C≡N to C = N in the PAN precursor fibers generated a cyclic trapezoidal structure containing primary aromatic amine, which reduced the peak temperature of the cyclization reaction from 284.5 °C to 275.1 °C and decreased the heat release. The sp3-hybridized carbon structure changes into a sp2 hybridized C = C structure with increasing aromatization, according to XRD and Raman data, and the KBrO3 alteration accelerates the degradation of the original microcrystalline structure and transforms into a new polycyclic aromatic structure. The degree of conjugation and aromatization of the system rapidly increased with the rise in modification temperature. The stabilized fibers were discovered to have the lowest R-value, the highest aromatization, the smoothest surface, and the fewest flaws at impregnation temperature of 60 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we study the strong decay of the newly observed Pcs(4459), assuming that it is a pure molecular state. Considering two possible spin-parity assignments JP = 1/2− and JP = 3/2−, the partial decay widths of the molecular state into J/ψΛ, Ds−Λc+, and final states through hadronic loops are evaluated with the help of the effective Lagrangians. In comparison with the LHCb data, the S-wave molecular with JP = 1/2− assignment for Pcs(4459) is supported by our study, while the Pcs(4459) in spin-parity JP = 3/2− case may be explained as an S-wave coupled bound state with lager component. In addition, the calculated partial decay widths with JP = 1/2− molecular state picture indicate that allowed decay mode, , may have the biggest branching ratio. The experimental measurements for this strong decay process could be a crucial test for the molecule interpretation of the Pcs(4459). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the host material has been proved to be a crucial factor affecting the occurrence of the high-level reverse intersystem crossing (HL-RISC, T2,rub → S1,rub) process in rubrene-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the roles of the charge-transporting layers on this amazing process are still unclear. Very interestingly, herein, we found that the efficient conversion from intersystem crossing (ISC) to HL-RISC is observed by tuning the triplet energies of hole- and electron-transporting layers (HTL and ETL) in rubrene-doped devices. Specifically, when the triplet energies of ETL, rubrene guest, and HTL satisfy the criterion of E(T1,ETL) < E(T2,rub) < E(T1,HTL), the conversion process can be observed under various current and temperature conditions, which can be reasonably explained by the weak energy-loss channel from T2,rub to T1,ETL states and the competition effects of excited states in the ETL and guest. Otherwise, ISC (HL-RISC) will dominate in devices due to the existence (non-existence) of energy-loss channels from T2,rub to T1,HTL states. Furthermore, very importantly, by inserting appropriate HTL or ETL materials with high triplet energies into the control devices with energy-loss channels, we found that the full confinement of E(T2,rub) indeed facilitates the HL-RISC process. Our work deepens the cognition of the HL-RISC process and provides an effective method to achieve the HL-RISC process in organic optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over twelve-fold enhancement of external quantum efficiency (EQE) is observed in 9,10-bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-9,10-diboraanthracene (CzDBA)-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with an interlayer between the hole-transporting layer (HTL) and the emission layer, where the CzDBA emitter is a typically donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D)-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. Analyses of the fingerprint magneto-electroluminescence traces indicate that the interlayer ensures the charge balance of the emission layer in devices, avoiding triplet-charge annihilation and contributing to the enhancement of EQE. Additionally, experimental results also show that intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse ISC (RISC) processes coexist in the device with an interlayer. Notably, ISC boosts with increasing bias currents and working temperatures, respectively, exhibiting abnormal current and normal temperature dependences. This abnormal phenomenon is caused by the weakened RISC between charge-transfer states of CzDBA molecules at large bias currents. More interestingly, as bias currents increase, ISC in the device without an interlayer first exhibits normal current dependences and then turns into an abnormal one, which may attribute to the competitive effects of exciplex at the HTL/CzDBA interface and excited states of CzDBA molecules. Our findings not only unravel the underlying mechanisms in D–A–D-type molecules but also provide ideas for designing highly efficient devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(3,6-diphenylcarbazol-9-yl)-1,4-dicyanobenzene (4CzTPN-Ph) and the conventional fluorescent dopant 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidin-4-yl-vinyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) were used to co-dope the host material 4,4′-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP) for the fabrication of TADF-assisted fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Some exceptional magnetic field effect (MFE) curves with abundant structures and four tunable components within a low magnetic field range (≤50 mT) were obtained, in sharp contrast to the maximum of two components observed in typical OLEDs. These MFE components were easily tuned by the injection current, dopant concentration, working temperature, and dopant energy gap, leading to a wide variety of MFE curve line shapes. The experimental results are attributed to the spin-pair state inter-conversions occurring in the device, including intersystem crossing (ISC) of CBP polaron pairs, ISC of 4CzTPN-Ph polaron pairs, reverse ISC (RISC) of 4CzTPN-Ph excitons, RISC of DCJTB polaron pairs, DCJTB triplet fusion, and DCJTB triplet-charge annihilation. Moreover, the exciton energy transfer processes among the host material and the guest dopants had a pronounced impact on the formation of these four components. This work gives a deeper understanding of the microscopic mechanisms of TADF-based co-doped systems for the further development of organic magnetic field effects in the extensive field of OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We fabricated quantum-well organic light-emitting diodes (QW-OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and measured their magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) and magneto-conductance (MC) curves over various magnetic field ranges. When the number (N) of QWs was 7, the MC curves showed a flat structure within the magnetic field range 5 ＜ ☋B☋ ＜ 20 mT. The flat structure vanished with the use of a higher electron mobility material, which we attribute to competition between the dissociation of triplet excitons by holes and scattering of electrons by triplet excitons in the QW-TADF-OLEDs. In addition, when N ranged from 3 to 9, the MEL curves in the range ☋B☋ ＜ 10 mT presented a W-like line-shape and the MC curves in the range ☋B☋ ＜ 10 mT showed variation of their line-shape from W-like to negative Lorentzian-type; however, the B-dependent efficiency Mη (i.e., MEL–MC) curves in the range ☋B☋ ＜ 10 mT, which were independent of N, showed a V-type line-shape. Our analysis suggests that these magnetic response behaviors depend on the combined effects of intersystem crossing of polaron pairs, reverse intersystem crossing of charge transfer excitons, and triplet-charge interactions under an external field B. This work provides insight into spin-pair dynamic mechanisms occurring within QW-TADF devices and suggests potential applications for a single OLED with integrated magnetic, optical, and electric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An in situ heating method was used to investigate the effect of high temperature on the magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) of rubrene-based organic light-emitting diodes. The change of MEL indicated that the microscopic mechanism of the device converted from singlet fission (SF) to intersystem crossing (ISC) at 380 K. Analysis of the surface morphology, electroluminescence spectrum, and current–voltage curve of the device suggested that the SF-to-ISC conversion was caused by a large number of exciton traps generated in the organic layers of the device. These traps blocked the movement of excitons, which suppressed SF. By contrast, ISC was promoted by traps and became the main process. This work provides a detailed investigation of the dynamics of exciton evolution and deepens our understanding of electron–hole interaction mechanisms in organic devices at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the profound impact of marketization in academic world has been extensively studied, analytical attention is substantially concentrated on the organizational operation of universities. Less attention has been paid to the impact of marketization on the structure of academic disciplines and the communication of academicians, which is particular true in non-English-speaking countries. Drawing on the theory of genre analysis, this study sets out to investigate how the uptake of market discourse reshapes the structure of one Chinese academic discipline – the Chinese English Language Teaching (ELT) discipline, and how it redefines the pattern of Chinese ELT practitioners’ disciplinary interaction. Textual data examined include textbooks, policy documents, curricula, syllabus, and insiders’ accounts. Analytical results demonstrate that marketization is both a force driving the commercialization of Chinese ELT academic activities and a force facilitating the fragmentation of the formerly monolithic Chinese ELT discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Newell–Whitehead–Segel type equations with time-dependent Dirichlet boundary conditions are solved by the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method coupled with the implicit–explicit backward difference formulas (IMEX-BDF). With a suitable setting of numerical fluxes and by the aid of the multiplier technique and the a priori error assumption technique, the optimal error estimate for the corresponding fully discrete LDG-IMEX-BDF schemes is obtained by energy analysis, under the condition $ \tau \le C h^{1/s} $ τ≤Ch1/s, where h and τ are mesh size and time step, respectively, the positive constant C is independent of h, and $ s=1,\ldots, 5 $ s=1,…,5 is the order of the IMEX-BDF method. Numerical experiments are also presented to verify the accuracy of the considered schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Hourly manure coverage proportion and area on the manure belt are key parameters for estimating ammonia emissions in poultry houses in order to provide environmental control suggestions and achieve the goals of precision poultry farming. In this study, experimental measurements were performed, and binary images were applied to provide new insights into the projected hourly manure coverage area on the manure belt at different layer hen ages. It was demonstrated that manure coverage proportion and area measured at different laying hen ages showed similar trends and values with four distinct stages within 48 h. In addition, statistical analyses found no significant correlation between the hourly increment of manure weight and the hourly increment of manure coverage proportion. The results from the present study are expected to serve as a fundamental input parameter for ammonia emission modeling to more accurately simulate the hourly indoor environment and provide effective mitigation strategies. The main advantage of having livestock, for example, the laying hens, in a controlled environment is that the optimum growth conditions can be achieved with accuracy. The indoor air temperature, humidity, gases concentration, etc., would significantly affect the animal performance, thus should be maintained within an acceptable range. In order to achieve the goals of precision poultry farming, various models have been developed by researchers all over the world to estimate the hourly indoor environmental parameters so as to provide decision suggestions. However, a key parameter of hourly manure area in the poultry house was missing in the literature to predict the ammonia emission using the recently developed mechanistic model. Therefore, in order to fill the gap of the understanding of hourly manure coverage proportion and area on the manure belt, experimental measurements were performed in the present study using laying hens from 10 weeks age to 30 weeks age. For each test, six polypropylene (pp) plates were applied to collect the manure dropped by the birds every hour, and photographs of the plates were taken at the same time using a pre-fixed camera. Binary images were then produced based on the color pictures to determine the object coverage proportion. It was demonstrated that for laying hens of stocking density around 14 birds/m2, the manure coverage proportion at the 24th hour after the most recent manure removal was about 60%, while the value was approximately 82% at the 48th hour. Meanwhile, for laying hens at different ages, the hourly increment of manure coverage proportion showed a similar pattern with four distinct stages within 48 h. The statistical analyses demonstrated no significant correlation between the hourly increment of manure weight and the hourly increment of manure coverage proportion. Finally, prediction models for estimating the hourly manure coverage proportion on the manure belt in typical laying hen houses were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some complex viscoelastic mediums, it is ubiquitous that absorbing and desorbing surrounding Brownian particles randomly occur in coupled systems. The conventional method is to model a variable-mass system driven by both multiplicative and additive noises. In this paper, an improved mathematical model is created based on generalized Langevin equations (GLE) to characterize the random interaction with locally fluctuating number of coupled particles in the elastically coupled factional Brownian motors (FBM). By the numerical simulations, the effect of fluctuating interactions on collective transport behaviors is investigated, and some abnormal phenomena, such as cooperative behaviors, stochastic resonance (SR) and anomalous transport, are observed in the regime of sub-diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we model a knowledge graph based on graph neural networks, conduct an in-depth study on building knowledge graph embeddings for policing cases, and design a graph neural network-enhanced knowledge graph framework. In detail, we use the label propagation algorithm (LPA) to assist the convolutional graph network (GCN) in training the edge weights of the knowledge graph to construct a policing case prediction method. This improves the traditional convolutional neural network from a single-channel network to a multichannel network to accommodate the multiple feature factors of policing cases. In addition, this expands the perceptual field of the convolutional neural network to improve prediction accuracy. The experimental results show that the multichannel convolutional neural network's prediction accuracy can reach 87.7%. To ensure the efficiency of the security case analysis network, an efficient pairwise feature extraction base module is added to enhance the backbone network, which reduces the number of parameters of the whole network and decreases the complexity of operations. We experimentally demonstrate that this method achieves a better balance of efficiency and performance by obtaining approximate results with 53.5% fewer floating-point operations and 70.2% fewer number parameters than its contemporary work.

The main advantage of having livestock, for example, the laying hens, in a controlled environment is that the optimum growth conditions can be achieved with accuracy. The indoor air temperature, humidity, gases concentration, etc., would significantly affect the animal performance, thus should be maintained within an acceptable range. In order to achieve the goals of precision poultry farming, various models have been developed by researchers all over the world to estimate the hourly indoor environmental parameters so as to provide decision suggestions. However, a key parameter of hourly manure area in the poultry house was missing in the literature to predict the ammonia emission using the recently developed mechanistic model. Therefore, in order to fill the gap of the understanding of hourly manure coverage proportion and area on the manure belt, experimental measurements were performed in the present study using laying hens from 10 weeks age to 30 weeks age. For each test, six polypropylene (pp) plates were applied to collect the manure dropped by the birds every hour, and photographs of the plates were taken at the same time using a pre-fixed camera. Binary images were then produced based on the color pictures to determine the object coverage proportion. It was demonstrated that for laying hens of stocking density around 14 birds/m 2 , the manure coverage proportion at the 24th hour after the most recent manure removal was about 60%, while the value was approximately 82% at the 48th hour. Meanwhile, for laying hens at different ages, the hourly increment of manure coverage proportion showed a similar pattern with four distinct stages within 48 h. The statistical analyses demonstrated no significant correlation between the hourly increment of manure weight and the hourly increment of manure coverage proportion. Finally, prediction models for estimating the hourly manure coverage proportion on the manure belt in typical laying hen houses were provided.

Using the fingerprint magneto-electroluminescence trace, we observe a fascinating high-level reverse intersystem crossing (HL-RISC) in rubrene-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). This HL-RISC is achieved from high-lying triplet states (T 2,rub ) transferred from host triplet states by the Dexter energy transfer to the lowest singlet states (S 1,rub ) in rubrene. Although HL-RISC decreases with bias current, it increases with lowering temperature. This is contrary to the temperature-dependent RISC from conventional thermally activated delayed fluorescence, because HL-RISC is an exothermic process instead. Moreover, owing to the competition of exciton energy transfer with direct charge trap, HL-RISC changes nonmonotonically with the dopant concentration and increases luminous efficiency to a maximum at 10% of rubrene, which is about ten times greater than that from the pure-rubrene device. Additionally, the HL-RISC process is not observed in bare rubrene-doped films because of the absence of T 2,rub . Our findings pave the way for designing highly efficient orange fluorescent OLEDs.