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Abstract There are several gaps in the field of digital inequity in education because it is still in its initial stage. To fill the research gaps, this study has revealed a complex landscape of problems and solutions. The analysis highlights the urgent need to address digital inequity that prevents equal access to educational resources and opportunities. While the challenges are numerous, the solutions are also diverse. Addressing cultural norms and stereotypes that perpetuate gender-based inequity is crucial, along with investing in gender-sensitive technology and infrastructure. Promoting digital literacy among all learners is also essential to empower them in the digital age. By taking a comprehensive approach that combines policy changes, technological advancements, and educational strategies, we can hope to bridge the digital inequity and create a more equitable and inclusive education system. Future research could highlight cross-cultural and cross-contextual studies, longitudinal studies, and integration of multiple methodologies.

AI chatbots, e.g. ChatGPT, are becoming increasingly popular in education as a means to enhance student learning experiences and improve teaching efficiency. This study utilizes NVivo 12 Plus to examine the role of AI chatbots in education, ethical considerations, and sentimental analysis regarding the utilization of ChatGPT in education. ChatGPT has revolutionized education, but their use raises ethical concerns. They can enhance language learning, but may lead to plagiarism and information overload. Students may not develop discrimination skills and may rely on ChatGPT, leading to concerns about academic dishonesty and a failure to develop cognitive and analytical skills. The use of ChatGPT in clinical education also raises accountability and liability concerns regarding the use of patient information for educational purposes. Guidelines should be established to ensure privacy rights are upheld. Finally, the positive sentiment category was populated by predominantly positive sentiments, followed by neutral and negative sentiments. Future research on ChatGPT in education should focus on its application effectiveness in various educational settings and ethical considerations.