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BackgroundIndividuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia have impaired physical and cognitive functions, leading to a reduced quality of life compared with those without such impairment. Exergaming, which is defined as a combination of exercise and gaming, is an innovative, fun, and relatively safe way to exercise in a virtual reality or gaming environment. Therefore, exergaming may help people living with mild cognitive impairment or dementia to overcome obstacles that they may experience regarding regular exercise and activities. ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to review studies on exergaming interventions administered to elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and to summarize the results related to physical and cognitive functions such as balance, gait, executive function, and episodic memory. MethodsWe searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Amed, and Nursing Database for articles published from the inception of the respective databases to January 2019. We included all clinical trials of exergaming interventions in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia for review. The risk of bias was independently evaluated by two reviewers using the Cochrane Collaboration and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tools. ResultsTen studies involving 702 participants were included for review. There was consistent evidence from 7 studies with a low risk of bias showing statistically significant effects of exergaming on cognitive functioning in people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. With respect to physical function, 3 of 5 full-scale studies found positive results, and the intensity of most games was classified as moderate. ConclusionsOverall, exergaming is an innovative tool for improving physical and cognitive function in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia, although there is high heterogeneity among studies in terms of the duration, frequency, and gaming platform used. The quality of the included articles was moderate to high. More high-quality studies with more accurate outcome indicators are needed for further exploration and validation of the benefits of exergaming for this population.

Obesity is caused by a long-term imbalance between energy intake and consumption and is regulated by multiple signals. This study investigated the effect of signaling scaffolding protein Gab2 on obesity and its relevant regulation mechanism. Gab2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed with a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. The results showed that the a high-fat diet-induced Gab2 expression in adipose tissues, but deletion of Gab2 attenuated weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in mice fed with a high-fat diet. White adipose tissue and systemic inflammations were reduced in HFD-fed Gab2 deficiency mice. Gab2 deficiency increased the expression of Ucp1 and other thermogenic genes in brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, the regulation of Gab2 on the mature differentiation and function of adipocytes was investigated in vitro using primary or immortalized brown preadipocytes. The expression of brown fat-selective genes was found to be elevated in differentiated adipocytes without Gab2. The mechanism of Gab2 regulating Ucp1 expression in brown adipocytes involved with its downstream PI3K (p85)-Akt-FoxO1 signaling pathway. Our research suggests that deletion of Gab2 suppresses diet-induced obesity by multiple pathways and Gab2 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and associated complications.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors of hyperuricemia （HUA） among children and adolescents， and provide evidences for early intervention.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2017， a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select three urban and rural sites in Chongqing， and some students aged 7~17 years were selected to conduct questionnaires， physical measurements and laboratory tests. Factor analysis was used to analyze dietary patterns. Regression and classification tree models were used to explore the influencing factors of HUA.ResultsA total of 1 544 students were enrolled in the study. The prevalence rate of HUA was 19.49% which was higher among male and elder students. Four common dietary patterns including meat and vegetable/fruit， snacks， cereal/potato/bean/nut and staple were included in the factor analysis， and the contribution rate to total variance was 42.641%. Scores of each pattern were divided into four ranking （Q1~Q4） from low to high. The results of univariate regression showed that participants with the fourth quartile （Q4） score of meat and vegetable/ fruit pattern had a higher risk of HUA （OR=1.687） compared to those with the first quartile （Q1） score， while the odds ratio was 1.764 in staple pattern； participants with the Q4 score of bean/nut pattern had a lower risk of HUA （OR=0.588） compared to those with Q1 score. After adjusting for confounding factors of monitoring area， gender， age， waist circumference， BMI， blood lipids， blood sugar and physical activity， participants with Q4 score had a lower risk of HUA （OR=0.638）compared to those with Q1 score in cereal/potato and bean/nut pattern. Classification tree model showed that age， gender and BMI level were the main influencing factors of HUA among this group.ConclusionThe prevalence of HUA in children and adolescents aged 7~17 years in Chongqing was high. Strong attention should be paid to the incidence of HUA among boys， especially aged 12 years and above， overweight and obese， and the dietary pattern of cereal/potato and bean/nut pattern should be encouraged.