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BackgroundThe American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) questionnaire is an effective tool for evaluating shoulder joint function. The development and usage of a mobile version of the ASES questionnaire has the potential to save time, money, and effort. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the equivalence between the paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire and their acceptability among patients. MethodsThe paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire were used to evaluate the shoulder joint function of 50 patients with shoulder pain. This study included patients from the shoulder clinic of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method were used to evaluate the agreement (reliability) of the scores obtained by the two methods (paper versus mobile). ResultsOf the 50 patients recruited from March 2018 to May 2019, 46 (92%) completed the study. There was a high agreement between the paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire (ICC=0.979, 95% CI 0.943-0.987; P

The existing deep learning-based coal and gangue recognition methods are prone to false detection and missed detection when applied to underground complex environments. The recognition precision of small target coal and gangue is low. In order to solve this problem, an improved YOLOv5 model is proposed, and coal and gangue recognition is realized based on that model. Data enhancement is carried out on the collected coal and gangue data to enrich the data set and improve the data utilization rate. The atrous convolution and residual block are introduced into the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module to obtain the residual ASPP module. On the premise of not losing image information, the convolution output receptive field can be increased to enhance the extraction of deep features from the model. The AdaBelief optimization algorithm is used to replace the original Adam optimization algorithm of YOLOv5 to improve the convergence speed and recognition precision of the model. The experimental results show that the AdaBelief optimization algorithm and residual ASPP module can effectively improve the precision, recall rate and mean average precision (mAP) of the YOLOv5 model. The mAP of the improved YOLOv5 model reaches 94.43%, which is 2.27% higher than that of original YOLOv5 model. The frame rate is reduced by 0.03 frames/s. The performance of the improved YOLOv5 model is superior to SSD, Faster R-CNN, YOLOv3, YOLOv4 and other mainstream target detection models. In extremely dark environments, the improved YOLOv5 model can also accurately delineate the target boundary, and the recognition effect is better than other improved YOLOv5 models.

BACKGROUND With the high specific surface area, rich functional groups and strong adsorption capacity, attapulgite (AT) and its modified materials have become a research hotspot in the field of heavy metal remediation of farmland soil. OBJECTIVES To investigate the stabilization mechanism and effect of different modified AT for Cd-contaminated alkaline soil. METHODS AT materials were modified by sodium hydroxide and ferric chloride. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption test (BET-BJH) were used to analyze the microstructure and surface morphology of the modified AT. Combined with the characterization results, the passivation mechanism was analyzed, and the indoor simulated Cd-contaminated alkaline soil cultivation experiment and the lettuce potting experiment were carried out. Soil Cd content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The effect differences between single application and compound application of two modified attapulgites in Cd-contaminated alkaline soil were investigated. RESULTS Alkali treatment made the Si-O groups and structural negative charges increase, and the number of micropores and specific surface area of the iron-modified attapulgite (IM) also increased. The internal pore distribution and surface morphology of attapulgite can be significantly changed in two types of modification, which can also improve their adsorption capacity. Alkali-modified attapulgite (AM) can improve soil pH and cation exchange (CEC) by stronger chemical adsorption capacity, while IM has stronger physical adsorption capacity and strong chemical adsorption capacity, which makes soil pH decrease and CEC rise. To a certain extent, the compound application of the two materials can reduce soil pH and improve CEC, which can improve their stabilization effect. After using the passivation material of AM: IM ratio of 3:1 and 2.00% of the soil mass, the available DTPA-Cd content was reduced by 33.85%, and the BCF of lettuce was reduced by 24.49%. The treatment attained the best stabilization effect. CONCLUSIONS IM has good stabilization effect on heavy metal Cd in alkaline soil. AM should be avoided for single application, and it can be recombined with other stabilization materials to achieve better reduction of soil Cd pollution while improving the quality of alkali soil.

Purpose: For the repair of atrial/ventricular septal defects (ASD/VSD), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is easy to perform, cost‐effective, and does not require general anesthesia and intubation. Still, TTE is not universally accepted. To compare efficacy and safety of TTE versus transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to guide percutaneous ASD/VSD closure. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched for articles published from their inception to December 2023. The primary outcome was the procedural success rate. The secondary outcomes were residual shunt, late complications, procedure time, and fluoroscopy time. All meta‐analyses were performed using a random‐effects model. Results: Eight studies and 1295 patients were included. There were no significant differences between TTE and TEE regarding the procedural success rate (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.90–4.13, p = 0.092; I2 = 52.2%, Pheterogeneity = 0.063) and residual shunt rate (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.38–1.76, p = 0.600; I2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.518). Compared with TEE, TTE reduced the frequency of late complications (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14–0.43, p < 0.001; I2 = 13.8%, Pheterogeneity = 0.326), reduced the procedure time (WMD = −8.92, 95% CI: −12.08, −5.75, p < 0.001; I2 = 87.4%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001), and reduced the fluoroscopy time (WMD = −5.08, 95% CI: −9.59, −0.56, p = 0.028; I2 = 95.6%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001). The sensitivity analyses showed that the results of the meta‐analyses were robust. Conclusion: Compared with TEE, TTE showed no differences regarding the rates of success and residual shunt, but there were lower rates of late complications and shorter procedure and fluoroscopy times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the application and research status of the intelligent gangue sorting robot. This paper points out that the intelligent gangue sorting robot is mainly based on the principle of X-ray and image identification. And the high-pressure pneumatic sorting and truss robot grasping sorting are used to separate coal and gangue. The sorting actuators are mainly truss type, parallel type and series type of intelligent gangue sorting robot. The sorting actuators have fast response speed and often separate the gangue in the form of 'pulling' and 'grasping'. In the process of belt transportation, the compatibility of different gangue sizes and the optimization of movement path need to be considered in the 'pulling' of the intelligent gangue sorting robot. And the working space of the manipulator and the bearing capacity of the robot need to be considered in the 'grasping'. This paper analyzes the key technologies such as deep learning-based coal and gangue identification, unstructured multi-constraint environment-oriented motion planning of gangue sorting manipulator, force feedback-based active compliance control of manipulator and multi-arm cooperative sorting task allocation strategy and control. These technologies are used for intelligent gangue sorting robot to effectively realize gangue sorting in complex on-site environment. This paper points out that coal and gangue identification technology based on deep learning is one of the key technologies of gangue sorting robot. It still needs further research on the efficient construction method of coal gangue data set, improving the generalization of coal gangue identification algorithm, and the real-time optimization of coal gangue identification algorithm. Combined with the demand of field application and intelligent robot development, the future research directions of intelligent gangue sorting robot are pointed out. In the complex environment on site, it is suggested to improve the robustness and adaptability of the coal gangue identification algorithm. It is suggested to develop intelligent sensing and control technology for complex environment and high-precision three-dimensional pose estimation technology for gangue. It is suggested to develop intelligent gangue picking technology of gangue picking robot based on force position hybrid control. It is suggested to research intelligent gangue sorting robot underground gangue sorting technology.

Due to the sheltering effect of the upper structures and the significant influence of temperature changes in the cables, the steel truss cable-stayed bridge with two-layer decks exhibits complex spatial thermal effects under solar radiation and environmental temperature. In order to study the temperature distribution characteristics and thermal deformation during the construction stage, the thermal effect of a steel truss cable-stayed bridge with two-layer decks under construction is analyzed through numerical simulation. Firstly, a temperature field analysis algorithm, which considers geo-meteorological factors and the sheltering relationship between members, was used to simulate the structure's transient temperature field and thermal deformation. Then, the temperature distribution characteristics and thermal deformation under the influence of seasons were discussed. The results indicated that the web members and the lower deck showed a significant temperature difference when shaded by the upper structure, with a maximum temperature difference of 7.6°C; The transverse temperature difference of the lower chord was the main factor controlling the transverse deformation of the steel truss girder; During a day in summer, the maximum vertical, longitudinal, and transverse deformations of the main members at the closure during the maximum single cantilever stage were 7.2 cm, 6.4 cm, and 5.9 cm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the lack of an integrated view of family travel destination positioning and experience design, this study focuses on examining how a new form of family travel experiences, that is, childcare service experiences available during the hospitality and tourism consumption, combined with destination positioning to trigger travelers' positive perceptions of the overall tourism experiences in Macau. Furthermore, using the lens of identity salience, this study is among the first to investigate how the salience of self‐ or family‐identity changes the impact of childcare service experiences on travelers' destination attitudes. The findings of the two scenario‐based experiments suggested that compared to family travel destination positioning, individual characteristics (i.e., identity salience) exerted a significant strengthening effect on the impact of childcare service experiences on family travelers. This study is informative for destination marketers and hospitality and tourism managers and will help them to effectively design tourism experiences that appeal to family travelers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the influence of steel and GFRP structural configuration on the perforation-resis-tance of a composite armor system of warship bulkhead, a series of high velocity ballistic impact experi-ments are performed.The outer and inner composite armor systems of warship bulkhead are simulated us-ing homogeneous steel plates prefaced and backed with composite laminates, respectively. Failure modes and energy absorption for the two types of combined targets are analyzed and compared with each other. Based on the experimental results, the compounded structure subjected to the impact caused by cube pro-jectiles is simulated using finite element program ANSYS/LS-DYNA, where the process of penetration is investigated and compared with experiment results. It is observed that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results; the failure modes for the composite armors in the two types of com-bined targets are mainly the shear punch failure of steel plates and the fiber shear fracture of GFRP, while the GFRP in the combined target consisted of front steel plates and composite backed armors also has ten-sile failure of fibers; the combined target consisted of front steel plates and composite backed armors ab-sorbs much more energy than that consisted of front composite armors and steel backed plates.

Since its inception, the frequency diverse array (FDA) has attracted extensive attention and research because of its unique properties. However, most of the research primarily focuses on linear geometry FDA, with fewer studies on planar FDA. This letter proposes a design method based on planar rectangular FDA (PRFDA), which adjusts the frequency of each array element nonlinearly so that the beam direction of planar rectangular FDA can change linearly or nonlinearly with time, forming the desired transmit beampattern. Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]