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This article presents the smelting practice of 9Ni steel for ultra-low-temperature pressure vessel in a certain steel plant by the "BOF → LF → scraping slag/fetching slag → LF → VD → CC" process. The decarburization and desulfurization in the BOF + LF process require that the steel produced by the converter has a low phosphorus （w［P］） ≤ 0.009%） and carbon content （w［C］） ≤ 0.05%）， with an average desulfurization rate of 74.3% and an average decarburization rate of 51.2%. The control of phosphorus content is more difficult than carbon content in the production process. In the scraping slag process， the average phosphorus reversion rate in the molten steel is 16.89%， while in the fetching slag process， it is 22.61%. Although the scraping slag process results in a lower phosphorus reversion rate in the molten steel， the processing time is increased by 15 to 20 minutes， and the average molten steel loss is increased by 3.1 t per heat. After adjusting the addition of nickel plates from the converter to the ladle furnace， the average nickel recovery rate increases by 3.74%. Through optimizing the production process， the molten steel in the tundish meets internal control requirements for phosphorus（ P）， sulfur （S）， nitrogen N， total oxygen （T.O）， and carbon （C）， ensuring high purity of the molten steel， the macrostructure center segregation of the cast slab reaches 1.0～1.5 grade in class C， the internal and surface quality of the cast slab are good. The rolled steel plate exhibits excellent performance at -196 ℃.

Two-wheeled (TW) vehicle accidents are one of the major types of urban traffic accidents. TW cyclists who lack safety protection usually suffer more serious injuries and deaths in collisions. Developments in automotive active safety technologies are expected to reduce cyclist injuries and deaths, such as automatic emergency braking (AEB). To facilitate the development and testing of AEB technology, typical TW vehicle scenarios need to be constructed. Based on 400 cases of car-to-TW vehicle accident data from the National Automobile Accident In-Depth Investigation System (NAIS) database, we investigated the scenario elements that influence AEB robustness, such as weather, accident time, and road wetness. We obtained seven static scenarios using an improved clustering method, and we obtained specific speed and distance combinations in each scenario using a deduction method. Further, we compared the present findings to those of other scholars and the China New Car Assessment Program (C-NCAP). The kinematic states of the two were similar to that of C-NCAP, but the speed distribution was significantly different. The TW vehicle speed in the C-NCAP is set to 15km/h or 20km/h concerning the European test scenarios, but the TW vehicle speed in the present study was 10-60km/h. Thus, the present findings recommended that subsequent C-NCAP test scenarios increase the category of motorcycles and the speed range of cars covering 20-70km/h and consider the test conditions of bad weather and wet roads, to test the robustness of AEB., Author(s): Xinchi Dong [1]; Qiaoyu Zhang [2]; Daowen Zhang (corresponding author) [1,3,4]; Chaojian Wang [1]; Tianshu Zhang [5] 1. Introduction Two-wheeled (TW) vehicles, such as bicycles, electric two-wheelers, and TW [...]

Simple Summary: CNAP is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide and its toxicological profiles pertaining to ladybird beetles remain largely uncharacterized. Through dipping method and topical application, we comprehensively evaluated acute toxicity and sublethal effects of CNAP against Harmonia axyridis, a predacious coccinellid commonly utilized in integrated pest management (IPM). Our outcomes indicated that CNAP was moderately toxic to H. axyridis and most noxious to 1st-instar larvae, with the least LC50 of 86.11 mg/L. When eggs and 1st instars were treated with LC30 CNAP, embryonic, larval and pupal durations all significantly dropped, accompanied by reduced pupal weight and pupation rate. Post sublethal treatments on newly emerged females, reproductive proxies displayed dose-effect responses, with daily spawning and vitellin level substantially diminished and the pre-oviposition period retarded. In addition, sublethal exposure to CNAP profoundly disrupted the antioxidant system of females, as evidenced by an induced hormesis effect at LC10 and impaired enzymatic activities at LC30 over time. Taken together, this study revealed the prospective ecological risk of CNAP and its adverse implications for H. axyridis fitness. As such, the practical compatibility of agrochemicals with biocontrol agents should be well assessed before being embraced into IPM for pest control. Extensive utilization of pesticides and their persistent residues inadvertently pose threats to the effectiveness and fitness of biocontrol agents in agroecosystems. However, these ecological consequences are generally disregarded when executing integrated pest management strategies (IPM). Cyantraniliprole (CNAP) serves as a wide-spectrum diamide insecticide and its sublethal effects have been well characterized on multiple insect pests, whereas its impacts on beneficial natural enemies remain unfathomed. Herein we exposed Harmonia axyridis, a predacious generalist, to lethal and sublethal concentrations of CNAP via dipping treatment (egg stage) and topical applications (1st-instar stage + adult stage). The acute toxicity tests revealed that LC50 of CNAP were 90.11, 86.11 and 240.50 mg/L against embryos, 1st instar nymphs and female adults, respectively, with safety factors ranging from 1.14 to 5.34, suggesting its medium toxicity for H. axyridis and larval stage was the most susceptible. The embryonic, larval and pupal durations of coccinellids ecdysed from CNAP-treated eggs and 1st instars were all elongated under sublethal concentrations, of which LC30 triggered more pronounced and significant retardations relative to control. Besides, exposed coccinellids displayed substantially diminished pupal mass and pupation rate, most notably for insects molted from the 1st-instar stage upon CNAP sublethal treatments. With respect to reproductive performance, LC10 and LC30 of CNAP all significantly suppressed female fecundity, as evidenced by reduced vitellin content, a prolonged pre-oviposition period (POP), mitigated laid eggs and the egg hatching rate. Specifically, there existed positive correlations between vitellin level (Vn) and number of eggs deposited by per female, indicative of CNAP affecting fecundity by regulation of Vn. In addition, the antioxidant system was also profoundly disrupted by CNAP, with compromised POD activity at different concentrations over time and induced hormesis of SOD/CAT activities post LC10 exposure. Activities of SOD and TAC were enhanced to exert protective functions during the first 48 h, while defense collapsed at 72 h following LC30 treatments that depleted all enzymatic activities. We speculated that fitness trade-offs may occur between reproductive capacity and antioxidant defenses to sustain physiological homeostasis in response to CNAP stress. Collectively, this study evaluated the ecological risk of CNAP and unmasked its adverse implications for overall fitness of H. axyridis, which highlighted rational application of agrochemicals to conserve biocontrol agents when implementing IPM strategies for sustainable pest control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate a compact, partially end-pumping Innoslab laser based on a micro-cylindrical lens array homogenizer. A dimension of 12 × 0.4 mm2 flat-top pumping line with a Gaussian intensity distribution across the line was simulated by the ray tracing technique. The rate equations considering the asymmetric transverse spatial distributions are theoretically developed. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Preliminary data shows that for a pump power of 260 W, a maximum pulse energy of 15.7 mJ was obtained with a pulse width of 8.5 ns at a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. The beam quality M2 factors in the unstable and stable directions were 1.732 and 1.485, respectively. The technology has been successfully applied to temperature and humidity profiling lidar and ozone lidar and has been productized, yielding direct economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing farmers' adoption of clean energy is crucial for promoting sustainable rural development and ecological environmental protection. It not only reduces the consumption of traditional fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental pollution but also optimizes the structure of rural energy consumption, improves farmers' quality of life, and supports the goal of building a green countryside. This paper investigates the impact of internet use on farmers' adoption of clean energy and the associated peer effects, further exploring how internet use influences these peer effects. The analysis is based on data from the 2018 and 2020 waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The study's findings reveal that (1) farmers' adoption of clean energy exhibits a significant peer effect, and internet use also has a significant positive impact on this adoption. Both the peer effect and internet use effectively enhance farmers' clean energy utilization, a conclusion that holds even after robustness checks. (2) Internet use significantly strengthens the peer effect, particularly when it is used for social and entertainment purposes, where this reinforcing effect is most pronounced. (3) The peer effect, the impact of internet use on clean energy adoption, and the strengthening of the peer effect by internet use vary according to farmers' geographical location and household income. These findings provide valuable insights and recommendations for improving policies aimed at promoting clean energy adoption among farmers, ultimately fostering its broader diffusion and application in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]