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BackgroundThe radiological differential diagnosis between tumor recurrence and radiation-induced necrosis (ie, pseudoprogression) is of paramount importance in the management of glioma patients. ObjectiveThis research aims to develop a deep learning methodology for automated differentiation of tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis based on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. MethodsIn this retrospective study, 146 patients who underwent radiation therapy after glioma resection and presented with suspected recurrent lesions at the follow-up MRI examination were selected for analysis. Routine MRI scans were acquired from each patient, including T1, T2, and gadolinium-contrast-enhanced T1 sequences. Of those cases, 96 (65.8%) were confirmed as glioma recurrence on postsurgical pathological examination, while 50 (34.2%) were diagnosed as necrosis. A light-weighted deep neural network (DNN) (ie, efficient radionecrosis neural network [ERN-Net]) was proposed to learn radiological features of gliomas and necrosis from MRI scans. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate performance of the model in both image-wise and subject-wise classifications. Preoperative diagnostic performance of the model was also compared to that of the state-of-the-art DNN models and five experienced neurosurgeons. ResultsDNN models based on multimodal MRI outperformed single-modal models. ERN-Net achieved the highest AUC in both image-wise (0.915) and subject-wise (0.958) classification tasks. The evaluated DNN models achieved an average sensitivity of 0.947 (SD 0.033), specificity of 0.817 (SD 0.075), and accuracy of 0.903 (SD 0.026), which were significantly better than the tested neurosurgeons (P=.02 in sensitivity and P

近年来，全球生物柴油产业快速发展，用于生产生物柴油的植物油消费量持续增加，对我国植物油供给稳定造成影响。对全球生物柴油整体发展情况、生物柴油产业发展影响因素、主要生产国生物柴油政策、生物柴油产业发展前景等进行研究，分析了全球生物柴油产业发展对我国植物油安全的影响，并提出相关建议。生物柴油产业发展改变了全球植物油消费结构、贸易流向，对我国油脂油料进口构成威胁，影响我国植物油供给安全。建议发展中国特色的生物柴油产业，提高我国油脂油料自给率，推动植物油多元化进口，确保我国植物油供给安全，同时呼吁生物柴油生产国优先保障食用消费，合理发展生物柴油。In recent years, the global biodiesel industry has developed rapidly, and the consumption of vegetable oil used for producing biodiesel has continued to increase, which has had an impact on the stable supply of vegetable oil in China. The overall development of global biodiesel, factors influencing industrial development, policies of major producing countries, and development prospects of biodiesel industry were studied. The impact of the development of global biodiesel industry on vegetable oil safety in China were analyzed, and relevant suggestions were put forward. It is found that the development of the biodiesel industry has changed the global consumption structure and trade flow of vegetable oil, posing a threat to China′s oil and oilseed imports, and affecting the security of China′s vegetable oil supply. It is recommended to develop biodiesel industry with Chinese characteristics, increase China′s self-sufficiency rate of oil and oilseed, promote diversified imports of vegetable oil, to ensure the safety of China′s vegetable oil supply, and call on major biodiesel production countries to prioritize ensuring edible consumption and develop biodiesel reasonably.

The high entropy alloy overturns the traditional design idea that one or two elements are the main elements, and its design concept of multi-element and high mixing entropy endows it with excellent properties such as high strength, high toughness, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, etc., making high entropy alloy being a research hotspot in the field of new high-performance structural materials. The research and development of high entropy alloys will inevitably lead to engineering application, where hot working is an important way to further control the microstructure and properties. As a result, the hot deformation behavior which characterizes the hot working properties has become a new research emphasis and hotspot. Based on the research status of hot deformation, the high entropy alloys were classified according to phase structure firstly, and the constitutive relation of hot deformation and prediction model of flow stress were introduced. Then, microstructure evolution of high entropy alloys with FCC, FCC+BCC and BCC structures during hot deformation was analyzed. On this basis, deformation mechanism and recrystallization mechanism during hot deformation were summarized. Finally, the challenges faced by hot deformation of high entropy alloys in the future are emphasized, and some suggestions for research trends in the future are put forward as follows: establishing constitutive relation based on physical properties of high entropy alloys, constructing recrystallization model based on structural characteristics of high entropy alloy, strengthening systematic study of hot deformation behavior under different preparation conditions and complex loads, and breaking through the key preparation process of high entropy alloy.

Spanking and parental verbal aggression are potentially toxic stressors that can negatively affect children's academic achievement by disrupting mental skills like executive function. Yet little empirical evidence has been provided for this mediating pathway. This study used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Cohort of 2010-2011 (n = 11,421) to examine the associations between early childhood exposure to spanking and parental verbal aggression and subsequent academic achievement. We also investigated the mechanism for these associations by exploring the mediating role of executive function within those associations. Findings revealed that spanking and parental verbal aggression in kindergarten and first grade were negatively associated with reading and math scores in fifth grade, controlling for demographics and initial academic performance. Executive function (i.e., inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory) accounted for more than half (50%-57%) and more than one fourth (24%-31%) of the total effects of spanking and verbal aggression on academic achievement, respectively. Findings provide important evidence for early intervention programs aiming to promote children's academic achievement and executive function by interfering or preventing harsh discipline.