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This study examines similarities and differences in information processing of college mobile app adopters, as age peers, in China and the U.S., by using the heuristic-systematic model as the main theoretical framework.

An operando EC-SERS strategy was successfully developed for monitoring the Volmer reaction based on dynamic collisions. Its feasibility and universality were verified, and it provided a promising approach for visualizing a localized surface reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays an increasingly vital role in guaranteeing the operation success of marine and offshore (MO) structures while reducing their risks of structural failure. In this study, a real‐time MO‐SHM system based on the highly controllable underwater robots is developed, which is functionalized with three modules, that is, underwater monitoring robots, vision‐based image processing and analyzing, and time‐dependent damage assessing and early warning. The robotic module is actuated by the hybrid driving method that combines the combustion‐based actuators (ejection) and propeller thrusters (propulsion) for transient actuation ability and well reliability in complex underwater environments. The image processing and analyzing module is conducted based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO)‐Underwater model that is expanded by the transfer learning and attention mechanisms and the underwater preconditioning and warning correction added for the specific underwater concrete identification. The damage assessing and early warning module is achieved by the time‐dependent hybrid analytic hierarchy process method that is integrated with the ordered weighted averaging and entropy weight method for more objective assessment and feedback. The reported MO‐SHM system provides design guidance for the next‐generation multifunctional underwater devices that combine analyzing and early warning for underwater concrete structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the problem of asynchronous event-triggered guaranteed cost control for two-dimensional Markov jump systems in Roesser model. The hidden Markov model is introduced to characterize the asynchronous phenomenon induced by imperfect mode detection, and a hidden Markov model-based event-triggered mechanism is employed in controller design to reduce the communication burden of the network. By using the quadratic Lyapunov function technique, some sufficient criteria are developed to ensure the asymptotic stability of the addressed system with a guaranteed cost value under three different boundary conditions. Finally, an optimization algorithm with linear matrix inequality constraints is formulated to design the optimal asynchronous event-triggered guaranteed cost control law, and a simulation example is considered to illustrate its validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a deep learning model based on Chebyshev Network Gated Recurrent Units, which is called Spectral Graph Convolution Recurrent Neural Network, for multichannel electroencephalogram emotion recognition. First, in this paper, an adjacency matrix capturing the local relationships among electroencephalogram channels is established based on the cosine similarity of the spatial locations of electroencephalogram electrodes. The training efficiency is improved by utilizing the computational speed of the cosine distance. This advantage enables our method to have the potential for real-time emotion recognition, allowing for fast and accurate emotion classification in real-time application scenarios. Secondly, the spatial and temporal dependence of the Spectral Graph Convolution Recurrent Neural Network for capturing electroencephalogram sequences is established based on the characteristics of the Chebyshev network and Gated Recurrent Units to extract the spatial and temporal features of electroencephalogram sequences. The proposed model was tested on the publicly accessible dataset DEAP. Its average recognition accuracy is 88%, 89.5%, and 89.7% for valence, arousal, and dominance, respectively. The experiment results demonstrated that the Spectral Graph Convolution Recurrent Neural Network method performed better than current models for electroencephalogram emotion identification. This model has broad applicability and holds potential for use in real-time emotion recognition scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dingqing ophiolite represents a significant allochthonous ophiolite nappe in the eastern segment of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone in southeastern Tibet. The microanalytical data of associated podiform chromitites classify them into two distinct varieties: high-Al and high-Cr. The coexistence of both high-Cr and high-Al chromitites in the Dingqing ophiolite suggests a complex or multistage evolutionary history of the host rocks. New petrological and geochemical analyses are used herein to unravel the interrelationships between the chromitite ores and host rocks and assess the mechanism of formation. The Dingqing ophiolitic nappe is made up mainly of harzburgite, dunite, and less abundant pyroxenite and gabbro. Several small lens-shaped bodies of chromitite ore are mostly confined to the harzburgite rocks, with ore textures varying from massive to sparsely disseminated chromite. In addition to magnesiochromite, the orebodies contain minor amounts of olivine, amphibole, and serpentine. The textural relationships provide compelling evidence of plastic deformation and partial melting of the associated peridotites. Detailed examination of the Cr-spinel grains reveals a wide range of composition, spanning from high-Al (Cr# = 3.18–59.5) to high-Cr (Cr# 60.3–87.32). The abundances of the platinum-group element (PGE) in chromitites are significantly variable (93 to 274 ppb). Formation of the Dingqing peridotites most likely took place in a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) setting, and subsequent modifications by supra-subduction zone (SSZ) melts resulted in heterogenous or mixed geochemical characteristics of these rocks. Chemistry of the spinel–olivine–clinopyroxene assemblage demonstrates multiple stages of partial melting of the source mantle rocks, including an early phase of restricted partial melting (~20%–30%) and a later phase of extensive partial melting (>40%). The formation of the high-Al chromitite type was associated with the early phase (constrained melting), whereas extensive partial melting in the late stages likely led to the accumulation of high-Cr podiform chromitite bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-infrared (NIR) phosphors play a key role in phosphor-converted NIR emitters, but to find broadband phosphors still remains a great challenge due to the lack of strategies for screening appropriate hosts. Herein, we report a broadband Sr6Sc2Al4O15:Cr3+ NIR phosphor by choosing a host that has crystallographic sites accommodated for both Ce3+ and Cr3+ simultaneously. The emission spectrum of Sr6Sc2Al4O15:Cr3+ covers the region of 600–1500 nm, having a maximum at 860 nm and a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 241 nm. A NIR pc-LED was fabricated by combining the Sr6Sc2Al4O15:Cr3+ phosphor with a blue LED, which can produce a NIR output power of 0.16 mW driven at 750 mA. The fabricated NIR emitter demonstrates a good suitability in night vision and non-destructive detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the release rule of floral volatile substances and the diurnal variation of different flower development stages of Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' in potted and ground-planted conditions, dynamic headspace adsorption combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to analyze the dynamic changes in floral volatile components and contents. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze changes in flower fragrance-regulating genes PsPAL, PsTPSs, and PsbHLH at different flower development stages and a daily change process at the full-blooming stage. The results show that there were differences in aroma components and contents of Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' at different flower development stages and different time quantum of every day. There were 25 and 28 aroma components identified in 7 flower development stages of tree peonies planted in pots and in the field, respectively, and 23 and 22 aroma components identified at different time quantum of the day, of which the largest and highest content was alkanes. The main characteristic aroma substances were (E)-β-ocimene, 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, methyl jasmonate, nerol, and cinnamyl alcohol; released amounts of the abovementioned substances varied depending on the development stage and the time of the day. The expression of flower fragrance-controlling genes (PsPAL, PsTPSs, and PsbHLH) in tree peonies varied greatly in different conditions. The results of this study provide a valuable resource to investigate floral fragrance formation in tree peonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, doctor-patient communication in the context of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted increasing attention. Highly influenced by ancient Chinese philosophy, TCM is unique in its exemplification of Chinese wisdom, particularly with respect to how the idea of zhěngtǐguān (整体观) (lit. whole body concept), realized as "the idea of the whole" or simply "holism," is valued and realized in TCM consultations. Adopting an interactional analytical approach, our study aims to illustrate how TCM doctors and patients co-construct a medical consultation that can exemplify the idea of holism. Based on a spoken corpus of Mandarin Chinese totaling 443 minutes in length, this paper identifies instances of what can be labeled as the voice of TCM (VOTCM) in a typical TCM consultation that reflect the idea of holism and describes and analyzes the communicative routines that are specific to these TCM consultations. It is observed that the steps and strategies involved in the consultation not only illustrate the collaborative co-construction of holism but also point to the holistic aspect of TCM philosophy, particularly topics related to the different body parts and the lifeworld. The diagnostic explanations provided by doctors and the co-topical talks between doctors and patients at various stages of the consultation also play an important role in the co-construction and realization of holism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fenton technology is one of advanced oxidation process (AOP) methods to treat wastewater through chemical oxidation. Due to the limitations of classical iron-based catalysts, it is still challenging to find suitable catalysts for Fenton-like reactions. Here, MoS2/Au heterojunctions were successfully synthesized by reduction of chloroauric acid in the solution of layered MoS2 prepared by hydrothermal method. As a model molecule, methylene blue (MB) was used as the species to be degraded to evaluate the performance of the catalyst. It was determined by UV–visible spectra that the optimal catalyst can be obtained when MoS2 (mg): HAuCl4 (wt. % mL) is 2:2. The Fenton-like reaction process was monitored by introducing highly sensitive surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The results show that MB can be degraded by 83% in the first 10 min of the reaction, indicating that MoS2/Au has good catalytic performance. In addition, as a fingerprint spectrum, SERS was used to preliminarily analyze the molecular structure changes during the degradation process. The result showed that C-N-C bond was easier to break than the C-S-C bond. NH2 group and the fused ring were destroyed at the comparable speed at the first 30 min. In terms of application applicability, it was showed that MB degradation had exceeded 95% at all the three pH values of 1.4, 5.0, and 11.1 after the reaction was carried out for 20 min. The test and analysis of the light environment showed that the catalytic efficiency was significantly improved in the natural light of the laboratory compared to dark conditions. The possible mechanism based on ·OH and ·O2− from ESR data was proposed. In addition, it was demonstrated to be a first-order reaction from the perspective of kinetics. This study made a positive contribution to broaden of the applicable conditions and scope of Fenton-like reaction catalysts. It is expected to be used as a non-iron catalyst in practical industrial applications. From the perspective of detection method, we expect to develop SERS as a powerful tool for the in situ monitoring of Fenton-like reactions, and to further deepen our understanding of the mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The miRNA, a kind of endogenous non-coding small RNA, plays an essential role in regulation of gene expression in plants. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay is one of the most common methods used for quantification of miRNA expression, and levels of expression are normalized by comparing with reference genes. The present study was intended to identify the appropriate reference genes for normalizing the level of miRNA expression in various developmental stages and tissues such as the bud development process, flower development stages, and different tissues of tree peony of different flowering times. Five algorithms (Delta Ct, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder) were used for stability analysis. The results showed that mtr-MIR160b-p3 and gma-miR394a-5p were the most stable miRNAs expressed during the bud development process of early-flowering tree peony 'Feng dan'; PC-5p-19095 was the most stable during the bud development process of late-flowering tree peony 'Lian he', followed by gma-miR394a-5p and mtr-MIR160b-p3; the mtr-miR159a was the most stable miRNA expressed in the flower development stages of different tree peony varieties. The PC-3p-871 was the most stable miRNA expressed in different tissues of early-flowering tree peony 'Feng dan', followed by PC-5p-4, and PC-5p-4 was the most stable in late-flowering tree peony 'Lian he', followed by the mtr-miR168b. The findings of this study provide a reference for studying the changes in miRNA expression, and further exploring the regulatory mechanism of miRNA in tree peony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhizosphere microorganisms are instrumental in plant drought resistance. However, knowledge of how the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere of Paeonia ostii 'Feng Dan' responds to drought stress is limited. In the current study, the effect of bacterial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere were investigated using high-throughput sequencing technology. Diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in Alpha-diversity between control (Co), drought stress (De), and rehydration treatments (Re), and the bacterial community structures in De and Re treatments were more similar and markedly different from that of the control. Taxonomic analysis revealed that Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in the rhizosphere of Paeonia ostii 'Feng Dan', while Gp6 and Gp4 were the dominant taxa at the genus level. Drought stress did not significantly affect rhizosphere bacterial diversity but did cause significant changes in the community structure, with a marked increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. Findings from this study will underpin improvements in drought tolerance of tree peony via the soil microbial community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The achievement of high-throughput separation and high-sensitivity detection of complex samples has been one of the most challenging issues in the field of analytical science. The application of a single technology alone could not satisfy the above requirements. The combination of technologies with the capability of high-efficiency separation and high-sensitivity structural-recognition is highly desired to meet the technical requirements. Herein, an automatic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) hyphenated system using paper substrates as the "interface" was constructed to achieve efficient separation and real-time detection. A homogeneous Au nanoparticle was printed on the hydrophobic filter paper with the inkjet technology. The prepared substrates served as a linkage for the continuous realization of HPLC and SERS functions. The complex system was separated by HPLC, and the effluents were loaded onto automatically and continuously replaceable paper substrates for real time SERS measurements. The continuous rapid separation and real-time detection of various two-component mixtures were achieved with the separation efficiency and detection sensitivity of each technology. The results demonstrated that the HPLC-SERS hyphenated system exhibited the complementary capability of the on-line separation and continuous structural identification of illegal additives in real samples. The detection sensitivity was increased by an order of magnitude to reach 10−5 mol dm−3, and the efficiency and accuracy for the separation and identification on the multi-components samples were higher than those of the individual HPLC or SERS technology. It is believed that the continuous paper substrate-based HPLC-SERS hyphenated system would be developed as a promising technique for the separation and identification of multi-components mixtures with high throughput. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing a moveable Fe3O4@Au film, an operando SERS strategy was developed successfully for visualizing Suzuki reaction processes. The feasibility and generality were verified by using the reaction of 3-bromopyridine and phenylboronic acid as a probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Poor sleep quality is common during pregnancy. Although a few studies have investigated the associations between maternal sleep quality and fetal birth weight (BW), no evidence has been clearly demonstrated. Our aim was to investigate the effects of sleep quality during pregnancy on the newborn BW z-scores. Participants: 1466 mother-infant pairs were included in the present study based on an ongoing prospective cohort. Methods: Questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and scales for psychosocial status were administered at each trimester. BW z-scores were calculated based on the INTERGROWTH-21st standard. A generalized estimating equation model was applied to evaluate the associations between trimester-specific sleep quality and newborn BW after adjusting for potential confounders. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine the impacts of maternal sleep quality on small-for-gestational-age (SGA) or low birth weight (LBW). Results: We found that maternal PSQI scores in the first and third trimesters were negatively associated with BW z-scores among female newborns (β = −0.032, 95% CI: −0.063, −0.001, P=.043; β = −0.031, 95% CI: −0.060, −0.003, P=.033, respectively). However, no relationship was observed between maternal sleep quality and BW in male neonates. Additionally, poor sleep quality in late pregnancy was a risk factor for LBW (OR = 1.501, 95% CI: 1.082–2.082). Conclusions: The BW z-scores of female newborns decreased as maternal sleep quality in the first and third trimesters worsened. This finding suggests that sleep during pregnancy may influence fetal weight in a trimester- and gender-specific manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proved to induce catalysis and generate surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. However, it remained a significant challenge in developing the efficient approach to in situ monitor the surface reaction and extending the SPR catalysis as a general approach in surface organic synthesis, especially for the C–C coupling. Herein, SPR from the Au nanoparticles played the bifunctional roles to induce the surface catalysis reaction and enhance the surface Raman signal. The SPR and electrochemical potential became two necessary external fields for the surface coupling reaction to produce 2,2′‐bipyridine, which was explored by SERS. The adsorbed pyridine molecules underwent a dimerization to produce cis‐configuration 2,2′‐bipyridine at the −0.7 V by appropriate laser irradiation. It demonstrated that the surface dimerization efficiency was critically dependent on the laser, potential, the solution properties, and so on. It was improved significantly at the relative negative potential and by 638 nm laser. The solvent with oxygen facilitated the surface dimerization reaction. Pd nanoparticles played the assistant role to capture the hydrogen released from the pyridine to accelerate the breaking of C–H bond and C–C coupling reaction. The surface reaction mechanisms involved the electrons transfer from Au to TiO2 and injected electron delivery to α‐H of pyridine for activation and the formation of carbon free radicals and coupling together to produce 2,2′‐bipyridine. This strategy is expected to further provide an alternative approach to the C–C coupling reaction and to extend the SPR and electrochemical catalysis to a practical application in surface modification as well as organic synthesis, and SERS is anticipated to be a promising in situ technique for the surface chemical reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐driven heterogeneous catalytic reactions have attracted considerable interests. However, the application of SPR was restricted in few types of surface reaction; the extension of SPR‐catalyzed reaction still remains significant challenge. The introduction of additional external fields is expected to generate the synergetic effect for improving the performance of SPR catalytic reaction. Herein, the roughened Ag electrode played as a substrate for introducing the second external field, that is, electrochemical control. A probe molecule, p‐hydroxythiophenol (PHTP), was preanchored onto Ag electrodes and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy was employed to monitor the surface processes. It demonstrated that the PHTP underwent the dehydroxylation reaction to produce the thiophenol (TP) by the appropriate excitation line and potentials. It disappeared on Ag roughened electrodes without electrochemical control or on a smooth charged surface attached with shell‐isolated nanoparticles. It suggested that the dehydroxylation reaction was contributed by the synergetic effects of localized SPR and applied potential. The results revealed that the efficiency of dehydroxylation was critically depended on wavelength and power of laser, potential, as well as solution pH. The hydrogen sources were essential for dehydroxylation and protonated hydroxyl group promoted the process for producing TP, thus, the dehydroxylation of PHTP was more favorable in acidic solution than that in a neutral case, while it was inhibited completely in alkaline environment. With the appropriate potential, the size of the nanostructures on Ag electrode surface and the corresponding surface plasmon band resulted in the higher efficiency with matched laser wavelength at about 532 nm. The synergetic effects of SPR and potential allowed the extension of the SPR catalysis to a new catalogue of surface reaction, that is, dehydroxylation. It was beneficial to develop the SPR catalysis as a promising approach in the surface chemistry. The dehydroxylation of p‐hydroxythiophenol to thiophenol was achieved by the synergetic effects of surface plasmon resonance catalysis and electrochemical control on ORC roughened Ag electrode. The surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy was employed to monitor the processes of surface catalysis reaction. It demonstrated that the reaction efficiency was associated with the potential, solution pH value, electrode roughness, laser power, and wavelength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, research on distracted driving behavior recognition has made significant progress, with an increasing number of researchers focusing on deep-learning-based algorithms. Aiming at the problems of the existing distracted driving recognition algorithm, such as its oversized model and difficulty in adapting to low computing environments, a lightweight network MobileNetV2, is chosen as the backbone network and improved to design a distracted driving behavior detection method that is both accurate and practical. The Ghost module is employed to replace point-by-point convolution to reduce the computation, the Leaky ReLU function helps mitigate the problem of dead neurons, as it prevents gradients from becoming zero for negative inputs. Finally, the channel pruning algorithm is used to further reduce the model parameters. The experiment results on the State Farm dataset show that the model's test accuracy can reach 94.66%, and the number of parameters is only 0.23 M. The improved model has significantly fewer parameters than the baseline model, which demonstrates the effectiveness and applicability of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based immunoassay has attracted considerable interests due to its extremely high sensitivity. However, the involved solid substrate brought significant difficulties in its extensive application. Herein, based on the integration of magnetic nanoparticles and SERS, a facial liquid magnetic competitive immunoassay was developed to detect clenbuterol (CL) with high sensitivity and specificity. The competitive reaction with compatible antibody occurred between target and corresponding antigen attached on nanoparticles. The readout strategy based on the inverse correlation of SERS intensity and concentration was employed to determine the content of target. The SERS intensities were originated from the immunocomplexes in sediment enriched by applying an external magnetic field. The coupling effect between the Au and Fe3O4@Au allowed the increase of SERS intensities for improving the performance of this approach, both for limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity. The immuno protocol was optimized carefully through screening out the amount ratio of different immunonanoparticles, exchanging the immobilization positions of antibody and coating antigen. It was demonstrated that the application of CL antibody-mercaptobenzoic acid-labeled Au and CL coating antigen-Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles (configuration 1) exhibited higher sensitivity than that of CL coating antigen-mercaptobenzoic acid-labeled Au and CL antibody-Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles (configuration 2). It was determined that the LOD and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were about 0.22 and 246.31 fg ml−1 for CL target of configuration 1, respectively. It was better notably than the previous reports. Moreover, incompatible target, β-agonist salbutamol (SAL), was also introduced to investigate the effect on CL competitive immunoassay. It revealed that the competitive immunoassay with CL antibody was negligible, indicating the high specificity of the present immunoassay. The SERS-based liquid magnetic sensor is expected to be developed as a promising technique for the detection of micromolecules and to provide a potential application in coupling with other techniques. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interparticle spacing was controlled by evaporating water on 2D Au nanoparticles arrays. Relationships among SERS effect, SPR catalysis, and gap distance were experimentally and theoretically studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 2019 among pregnant Chinese women: case series data on the safety of vaginal birth and breastfeeding. I Sir, i We thank Jianghui Cai, Mi Tang and Gen Li for their comments on our study 'Coronavirus disease 2019 among pregnant Chinese women: case series data on the safety of vaginal birth and breastfeeding'.1 Our study was a collaboration between teams from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and a Wuhan team when Wuhan was at the most serious phase of this epidemic and little was known about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).2 We helped the Wuhan team to report these results in order to protect maternal and fetal health, and control the virus spread. [Extracted from the article]