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Background: In spring 2013, groundwater of a vast area of the Veneto Region (northeastern Italy) was found to be contaminated by perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from a PFAS manufacturing plant active since the late 1960s. Residents were exposed to high concentrations of PFAS, particularly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), through drinking water until autumn 2013. A publicly funded health surveillance program is under way to aid in the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of chronic disorders possibly associated with PFAS exposure. Objectives: The objectives of this paper are: a) to describe the organization of the health surveillance program, b) to report serum PFAS concentrations in adolescents and young adults, and c) to identify predictors of serum PFAS concentrations in the studied population. Methods: The health surveillance program offered to residents of municipalities supplied by contaminated waterworks includes a structured interview, routine blood and urine tests, and measurement of 12 PFAS in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We studied 18,345 participants born between 1978 and 2002, 14-39 years of age at recruitment. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary, and reproductive predictors of serum PFAS concentrations. Results: The PFAS with the highest serum concentrations were PFOA [median 44.4 ng/mL, interquartile range (IQR) 19.3-84.9], perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (median 3.9 ng/mL, IQR 1.9-7.4), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (median 3.9 ng/mL, IQR 2.6-5.8). The major predictors of serum levels were gender, municipality, duration of residence in the affected area, and number of deliveries. Overall, the regression models explained 37%, 23%, and 43% of the variance of PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS, respectively. Conclusions: Serum PFOA concentrations were high relative to concentrations in populations with background residential exposures only. Interindividual variation of serum PFAS levels was partially explained by the considered predictors., Introduction Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are manufactured chemicals widely used for a variety of commercial and industrial applications due to their grease-, stain-, and water-repelling properties. PFAS are extremely persistent and [...]

Introduction: The adherence to recognized guidelines and the constant monitoring of performance throughout quality indicators (QIs) are strategic tools to improve the quality of care. The study is aimed to assess the effect of the EUSOMA (European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists) certification process on the quality of breast cancer care of an EUSOMA certified Breast Unit (BU) of Northern Italy., Materials and Methods: Seventeen mandatory and recommended EUSOMA QIs, based on 594, were analysed for the years 2015-2018. Univariate logistic regression models were performed to compare QIs performance in the years before and after obtaining the EUSOMA certification (2015-6 vs. 2017-8)., Results: Compared to the years 2015-6, the second period of BU activity showed a higher number of QIs achieving both the minimum standard (15 vs. 11) and the 100% of completeness (6 vs. 1). There was a significant improvement of the two QIs evaluating the proportion of Ductal Carcinoma in situ receiving just an operation (from 76% to 95.2%; p=0.033) and the completeness of the prognostic characterisation of invasive cancers (from 94.6% to 99.5%; p=0.022). Conversely, the QI related to the endocrine-sensitive invasive carcinoma receiving adjuvant hormonal therapy dropped from 92.1% to 85.9% (p=0.042) and was significantly lower for patients over 74 compared to those aged ≤54 (73.8% vs. 94.7%; p<0.0001 Fisher's exact test)., Conclusions: The EUSOMA certification process enhanced the clinical practice, promoting a tailored-patient primary systemic or adjuvant therapy and avoiding unnecessary invasive surgical and local-regional treatments.