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The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal study of the right to work, its enshrining in the legislation of Ukraine and in international legal documents, ensuring the employment of young people by the state, the peculiarities of the employment of young scientists, as a category of subjects of labor relations with a special legal status. The state of employment of this category of workers has been analyzed and the main problems faced by young people when finding work have been identified, in particular: a) imperfection of the regulatory and legal framework that regulates labor relations with scientists; b) the possibility of forecasting supply and demand in the labor market; c) lack of professional experience among young people; d) state of development of research infrastructures; e) low level of salaries of scientific employees. The theoretical and practical problems in the field of professional development of young workers aimed at forming high professionalism in them, the ability to work in new economic conditions, as well as ensuring high productive work and effective employment on this basis are analyzed. The author concluded that the current state of the youth labor market is the most problematic part of the general labor market, since the level of youth unemployment in Ukraine has only been increasing in recent years, which contributes to the outflow of young specialists abroad, where they see better earnings, professional growth or opportunities in ge neral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Modern young scientists as representatives of the professional community of scientists now need to develop new mechanisms for realizing their potential in a business environment that is experiencing an extremely turbulent period of its development. The main purpose of this article is to comprehensively study the motivational climate as the mechanism for realizing the potential of young scientists in the business environment, which will have a positive aspect for stakeholders. The study found that the scientific achievements of most scientists are undoubtedly important for the formation of theoretical foundations for the development of a motivational mechanism, however, scientists do not single out the motivational tools for realizing the potential of young scientists, although they confirm in their researches the relationship between motivation, motivational climate and education. It is determined that the main tasks of personnel motivation are to involve staff in the organization, retain employees and ensure their loyalty to the business environment where they work, stimulate productive behaviour, control labour costs, ensure administrative efficiency, simplicity and clarity to each employee. The proposals of the authors are formed on a set of criteria for diagnosing the motivational climate of the enterprise, which will lead to constant updating and improvement of operational activities of enterprises, and effective engagement of promising young researchers as employees or partners. The algorithm of evaluating the motivational climate of the enterprise is offered in the work, which includes three stages: preparatory, evaluative, analytical. For making general evaluation it is proposed to use the index of motivational climate, which has such elements as the importance of the i-th criterion of the motivational climate of the enterprise; score assessment of the strength of motivation of the i-th criterion; and score assessment of employee satisfaction with the i-th criterion. Such evaluation of the enterprise motivational climate is important for realizing the young scientists’ potential as it gives them the possibility to evaluate if the enterprise is perspective for the future cooperation. Keywords: motivation, value, motivational climate, stakeholder, young scientist, potential. Formulas: 2; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 21.

The results of analysis of the status position of a young scientist as a multidimensional sociocultural phenomenon and not only as an instrumental category of scientific policy are presented. The socio-historical context of the formation of the category of youth is considered, the constitutive characteristics of this social group are identified, and the transformations that it undergoes under the dominance of the innovative strategy of economic and social development are revealed. Comparing Russian and foreign (primarily European) practice, the author points out that Russian functionaries lack an understanding of what the status of a young scientist is. It is substantiated that this status is determined according not so much to the age criterion as to the criterion of career advancement. In the leading countries in the field of science, a junior scientist goes through certain stages of career growth, some of which, primarily postdoctoral studies, have no equivalent in Russia. A comparative analysis of the postgraduate and postdoctoral stages makes it possible to draw certain conclusions about the importance of postdoctoral studies as an instrument of scientific policy under, on the one hand, an increased supply of scientific labor and, on the other, the need to transfer knowledge and skills within the framework of the model of interaction between science, the state, and the private sector, known as the triple helix pattern. Finally, the conclusion is substantiated that the position of a junior scientist, characterized by a marginal position in the scientific hierarchy and the risk of leaving the profession, is of great sociocultural importance since it is during "scientific youth" when unique human capital, cognitive and social, is formed. The totality of acquired individual competencies determines the further development of science, as well as related areas involved in the application and dissemination of scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern young scientists as representatives of the professional community of scientists now need to develop new mechanisms for realizing their potential in a business environment that is experiencing an extremely turbulent period of its development. The main purpose of this article is to comprehensively study the motivational climate as the mechanism for realizing the potential of young scientists in the business environment, which will have a positive aspect for stakeholders. The study found that the scientific achievements of most scientists are undoubtedly important for the formation of theoretical foundations for the development of a motivational mechanism, however, scientists do not single out the motivational tools for realizing the potential of young scientists, although they confirm in their researches the relationship between motivation, motivational climate and education. It is determined that the main tasks of personnel motivation are to involve staff in the organization, retain employees and ensure their loyalty to the business environment where they work, stimulate productive behaviour, control labour costs, ensure administrative efficiency, simplicity and clarity to each employee. The proposals of the authors are formed on a set of criteria for diagnosing the motivational climate of the enterprise, which will lead to constant updating and improvement of operational activities of enterprises, and effective engagement of promising young researchers as employees or partners. The algorithm of evaluating the motivational climate of the enterprise is offered in the work, which includes three stages: preparatory, evaluative, analytical. For making general evaluation it is proposed to use the index of motivational climate, which has such elements as the importance of the i-th criterion of the motivational climate of the enterprise; score assessment of the strength of motivation of the i-th criterion; and score assessment of employee satisfaction with the i-th criterion. Such evaluation of the enterprise motivational climate is important for realizing the young scientists’ potential as it gives them the possibility to evaluate if the enterprise is perspective for the future cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opportunities in the fields of probiotics and prebiotics to a great degree stem from what we can learn about how they influence the microbiota and interact with the host. We discuss recent insights, cutting-edge technologies and controversial results from the perspective of early career researchers innovating in these areas. This perspective emerged from the 2019 meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics - Student and Fellows Association (ISAPP-SFA). Probiotic and prebiotic research is being driven by genetic characterization and modification of strains, state-of-the-art in vitro, in vivo, and in silico techniques designed to uncover the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on their targets, and metabolomic tools to identify key molecules that mediate benefits on the host. These research tools offer unprecedented insights into the functionality of probiotics and prebiotics in the host ecosystem. Young scientists need to acquire these diverse toolsets, or form inter-connected teams to perform comprehensive experiments and systematic analysis of data. This will be critical to identify microbial structure and co-dependencies at body sites and determine how administered probiotic strains and prebiotic substances influence the host. This and other strategies proposed in this review will pave the way for translating the health benefits observed during research into real-life outcomes. Probiotic strains and prebiotic products can contribute greatly to the amelioration of global issues threatening society. The intent of this article is to provide an early career researcher’s perspective on where the biggest opportunities lie to advance science and impact human health.

The opportunities in the fields of probiotics and prebiotics to a great degree stem from what we can learn about how they influence the microbiota and interact with the host. We discuss recent insights, cutting-edge technologies and controversial results from the perspective of early career researchers innovating in these areas. This perspective emerged from the 2019 meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics - Student and Fellows Association (ISAPP-SFA). Probiotic and prebiotic research is being driven by genetic characterization and modification of strains, state-of-the-art in vitro , in vivo , and in silico techniques designed to uncover the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on their targets, and metabolomic tools to identify key molecules that mediate benefits on the host. These research tools offer unprecedented insights into the functionality of probiotics and prebiotics in the host ecosystem. Young scientists need to acquire these diverse toolsets, or form inter-connected teams to perform comprehensive experiments and systematic analysis of data. This will be critical to identify microbial structure and co-dependencies at body sites and determine how administered probiotic strains and prebiotic substances influence the host. This and other strategies proposed in this review will pave the way for translating the health benefits observed during research into real-life outcomes. Probiotic strains and prebiotic products can contribute greatly to the amelioration of global issues threatening society. The intent of this article is to provide an early career researcher's perspective on where the biggest opportunities lie to advance science and impact human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: young scientists engaged in creative activities face difficulties during scientific research, implementation and commercialisation of the results. The impossibility of coping with obstacles leads to the impairment of motivational and creative activity. The problem of studying the main semantic contents of difficult situations and strategies to cope with them becomes relevant as it is conducive to the process of personal development of young scientists. Materials and Methods: the authors used a questionnaire with open-ended questions for revealing the main difficulties and coping strategies in the process of research activity; COPE questionnaire adapted by E. Rasskazova, T. Gordeyeva, E. Osin; Style of Self-Regulation of Behaviour technique by V. I. Morosanova. Statistical data processing was carried out with descriptive statistics methods, analysis of frequencies, factor analysis (Varimax rotation with Kaiser normalisation), cluster analysis (furthest neighbour method and Ward’s method). Results: eight main semantic categories related to difficulties experienced in the process of performing the research work have been detected. The main ways of coping with arising difficulties have been identified. Types of respondents different in terms of coping strategies and regulatory-behavioural characteristics have been distinguished. Discussion and Conclusions: difficulties of self-organisation in time for realisation of new meanings, difficulties in structuring the research work and search for information act as psychological barriers provoking mental stress. The most efficient coping strategies in respondents are strategies Active coping and search for positive meaning and personal development. The inefficient coping strategy with difficulties complicating the process of self-development is Avoiding problems strategies.

After 2 years of COVID-19 restrictions, the 8th Young Scientist Symposium was organized again as a face-to-face meeting covering a broad array of scientific presentations. As in the previous editions, the meeting was organized by young scientists for young scientists under the umbrella of the European Bioanalysis Forum and in collaboration with academia. The traditional Science Café was again included as an interactive round table session. This year, the main focus was on the challenges of communication. New for the 8th edition was a session connecting the young scientists with more seasoned experts in an effort to bridge talent and experience. In this article, we share the feedback of the scientific sessions and the Science Café held at the symposium.

• Scientists' research performance significantly affects their academic titles. • Mentor's academic titles increase a student's chance of academic success. • Mentors with academician titles have the highest moderating effects. • This is manifested through the social influence of the mentors' status. This study intends to uncover the mentorship effect by investigating the impact of mentors' academic titles and research performance on the academic success of young scientists. Drawing on the data of chemical scientists from China's 985 project universities, we demonstrate that the probability of young scientists acquiring academic success increases if their mentors are qualified Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) or Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) academicians. However, this positive effect may be insignificant or negative for improved academic performance. Additionally, the role of the mentors' research performance in moderating the relationship between the young scientists' research performance and the probability of acquiring an academic title is not significant and may even be negative. Remarkably, our empirical results suggest that mentors with a CAS or CAE academician title and an increase of the young scientists' H-index by 20 have equal effects on the probability that young scientists win an Excellent title. This raises concerns about the mentorship effect in China. The results have solid practical implications that are clarified at the end of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has often been remarked that science is a young man's game. Thomas Kuhn, for example, claims that revolutionary changes in science are almost always initiated by either young scientists or those new to a field. I subject Kuhn's hypothesis to testing. I examine 24 revolutionary scientific figures mentioned in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions to determine if young scientists are more likely to make revolutionary discoveries than older scientists. My analysis suggests that middle-aged scientists are responsible for initiating more scientific revolutions than young scientists, given the proportion of each group in the total population of scientists. I argue that the popular myth about the correlation between youth and scientific discovery fails to take into account the proportion of young scientists in the population of scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]