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Abstract Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may be useful prognostic indicators in endometrial cancer. However, standardized assessment methods and the prognostic roles of these cells in different stage groups are unclear. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 107 endometrioid-type endometrial carcinomas (EECs) comprising 60 stage IB and 47 stage IIIC or IVB cases were evaluated. CD3+ TILs, CD8+ TILs, CD68+ TAMs, and CD163+ TAMs were detected by immunohistochemistry, and their densities were evaluated by semiquantitative and quantitative methods. TILs within tumor epithelial cell nests (E-TILs) and those within the stroma at the invasive front (S-TILs) were evaluated separately for CD3+ and CD8+ cells. The “TIL score” was defined as the sum of semiquantitative scores of CD3+ E-TILs, CD3+ S-TILs, CD8+ E-TILs, and CD8+ S-TILs. For TAMs, the area of CD68+ and CD163+ cells in the invasive margin were semiquantitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Clinicopathological and prognostic implications of TILs and TAMs in stage IB and IIIC/IVB EECs were examined by Cox univariate and multivariate analyses. Results By Cox univariate analyses, semiquantitatively low CD3+ E-TILs, low CD8+ E-TILs, and low “TIL score” were significantly correlated with worse prognosis in stage IB patients (P = 0.011, 0.040, and 0.039, respectively). Likewise, low CD3+ E-TILs and low CD8+ E-TILs, by both semiquantitative (P = 0.011 and 0.0051) and quantitative evaluations (P

Abstract The expression of mesothelin correlates with a poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Since mesothelin plays a role in cancer metastasis in association with CA125, we herein examined the expression of mesothelin and CA125, and the clinicopathological meaning and prognosis of the co-expression of mesothelin and CA125 in breast cancer. Our results showed that among 478 patients, mesothelin and CA125 were co-expressed in 48 (10 %), mesothelin only in 75 (16 %), CA125 only in 217 (45 %), and neither in 234 (49 %). A high correlation was observed between the expression of mesothelin and CA125 (P =0.0004). The co-expression of mesothelin and CA125 correlated with poor patient relapse-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.0001) and was identified as an independent predictor of RFS by Cox’s multivariate analysis. In conclusion, this is the first to report the prognostic significance of the co-expression of mesothelin and CA125 in breast cancer. The co-expression of mesothelin and CA125 may be clinically useful for prognostication after surgical therapy in patients with breast cancer.

Abstract Background To evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the percentage change between maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) at 60 min (SUVmax1) and SUVmax at 120 min (SUVmax2) (ΔSUVmax%) using dual time point 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in breast cancer. Methods Four hundred and sixty-four patients with primary breast cancer underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for preoperative staging. ΔSUVmax% was defined as (SUVmax2 − SUVmax1) / SUVmax1 × 100. We explored the optimal cutoff value of SUVmax parameters (SUVmax1 and ΔSUVmax%) referring to the event of relapse by using receiver operator characteristic curves. The clinicopathological and prognostic significances of the SUVmax1 and ΔSUVmax% were analyzed by Cox’s univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The optimal cutoff values of SUVmax1 and ΔSUVmax% were 3.4 and 12.5, respectively. Relapse-free survival (RFS) curves were significantly different between high and low SUVmax1 groups (P = 0.0003) and also between high and low ΔSUVmax% groups (P = 0.0151). In Cox multivariate analysis for RFS, SUVmax1 was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.0267) but ΔSUVmax% was not (P = 0.152). There was a weak correlation between SUVmax1 and ΔSUVmax% (P

Mesothelin is expressed in various types of malignant tumors. The present study immunohistochemically investigated mesothelin expression and its clinicopathological significance in each subtype of breast cancer, with special reference to its cellular localization, in particular, membrane mesothelin expression. Using tissue specimens from 482 patients with breast cancer, immunohistochemistry was used to study mesothelin expression and help classify its localization as membrane or cytoplasmic expression. Mesothelin expression was detected in 77 (16.0%) cases and was the highest in triple-negative breast cancer (31/75; 41.3%), followed by human epithelial growth factor receptor type 2 type (6/33, 18.2%) and luminal type (36/374; 9.6%). Among the 482 cases, membrane mesothelin expression was detected in 73 cases and was significantly associated with a negative hormone receptor status, higher Ki-67 labeling index, nuclear grade 3 and a lower relapse-free survival rate. Cytoplasmic mesothelin expression was not significantly associated with a lower relapse-free survival rate (P=0.058). In the 343 cases of luminal type, the membrane mesothelin expression-positive group had significantly worse prognosis than the membrane mesothelin-expression-negative group (P=0.042). There was no significant difference in the relapse-free survival rate according to the membrane mesothelin expression status in the triple-negative type and other types. It was suggested that membrane mesothelin expression in luminal type breast cancer is associated with a lower rate of relapse-free survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]