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This paper explores the rising tensions between efficiency and resilience in global value chains (GVCs) in the post-COVID-19 world and discusses their potential implications for managing and coordinating GVCs. It considers efficiency and resilience in GVCs in relation to each other and explores the possibility of tensions between the two concepts. Particularly, it is argued that, while efficiency and resilience in GVCs may be at odds with each other in the short-term, they are not necessarily mutually exclusive in the long run. The paper adds to the discussions of trade-offs involved in managing contemporary GVCs and offers a new perspective on the interplay between efficiency and resilience. Embedded in the discussion of resilience vis-a-vis efficiency, we also provide a long-term perspective to prepare for and deal with global pandemics--or other risks--in an increasingly interconnected world. We lay out decisions and steps involved in finding the balance between efficiency and resilience, as both need to be maintained concurrently over longer periods. Keywords: efficiency, global value chains, post-COVID-19, resilience, 1. Introduction Globalization has so far enabled firms to optimize their value chains economically. Many firms have been able to fine-slice their value-creating activities, such as product or service design, [...]

Background: Compulsory citizenship behaviors (CCBs) are increasingly endorsed and expected of workers in contexts where managerial worker protections are low and performance demands on workers are high. Although studies on compulsory citizenship behaviors have shown a significant increase in recent years, the literature still lacks a comprehensive meta-analysis. To fill this gap the purpose of this study is to synthesize the collective outcomes of prior quantitative research on CCBs with the objective of identifying the factors linked to the concept and offering a primary reference for future researchers. Methods: Forty-three different correlates with CCBs were synthesized. The dataset of this meta-analysis consists of 53 independent samples with a sample size of 17.491, contributing to 180 effect sizes. PRISMA flow diagram and PICOS framework were used for the study design. Result: Results showed only gender and age were significant among demographic characteristics related to CCBs. Correlates between CCBs and counterproductive workplace behaviors, felt obligation, work-family conflict, organizational-based self-esteem, organizational cynicism, burnout, anger toward the organization, and work alienation were found as large. We also found turnover intention, moral disengagement, careerism, abusive supervision, citizenship pressure, job stress, facades of conformity, and feeling trusted to be moderately related to CCBs. Next, there was a small relationship between CCBs and social loafing. On the other hand, LMX, psychological safety, organizational identification, organizational justice, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and job autonomy were found as significant deterrents of CCBs. These results suggest that CCBs flourish in contexts with low levels of worker protection and low road practices to people management. Conclusion: In sum, we found solid cumulative evidence that CCBs are a harmful and undesirable phenomenon for employees and organizations. Also, positive correlations of felt obligation, feeling trusted, and organization-based self-esteem with CCBs, showed that, contrary to general acceptance, positive factors could also cause CCBs. Lastly, we found CCBs as a dominant phenomenon in eastern culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study seeks to evaluate the awareness and knowledge levels of mothers with children younger than three years old about breast milk and vitamin D. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire containing 14 questions was administered to 405 women who applied to a district state hospital in Turkey. Analyses were conducted using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) 22.0 application. Results: The knowledge level of the mothers whose education level is high school and above was significantly higher than that of the mothers whose education level is secondary school and below (p=0.005). There was a significant difference between the economic status of mothers in terms of knowledge score (p<0.001). The knowledge score of the mothers who used vitamin D in their last pregnancy was higher than those who did not (p=0.028). The knowledge score of the mothers who gave vitamin D to their last baby was significantly higher than those who did not (p=0.019). There was a significant difference regarding the knowledge score according to the last baby's first six months of nutritional status (p<0.001) and the number of taking the baby out for vitamin D (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is necessary to inform mothers, fathers, and family elders about breast milk and vitamin D starting from pregnancy. Family physicians, health workers, obstetricians, and pediatricians should constantly emphasize the importance of breast milk and vitamin D supplementation. Breast milk and vitamin D training should be organized regularly for health personnel. Pregnant classes and pregnancy school programs in wellness centers and hospitals should be used more effectively. As far as possible, healthy pediatric outpatient clinics should be opened in all hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies conducted in the health sector have determined a positive relationship between job satisfaction and work engagement. However, this paper reveals that this relationship turns into a negative or non-significant relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explore the reasons for inconsistency in research findings in this critical period through a meta-analysis. Methods: This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and PICO framework. Online databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and additional records from other databases were searched without any time limitation, and all studies published in English that reported the correlation between work engagement and job satisfaction were included in the analysis. In total, 36 individual correlation coefficients were synthesized. R statistical language was used to analyze the data. Result: A total of 36 studies with a sample size of 16,087 were synthesized. The overall effect size was found as r = 0.57 (95% CI [0.50-0.64]). While the moderating effect of national culture was not statistically significant, presence of COVID-19 as the significant moderator explained 37.08% of effect size heterogeneity. Such that the presence of COVID-19 has transformed the positive relationship between work engagement and job satisfaction into a negative but statistically non-significant relationship. Conclusion: This study empirically challenges the existing assumptions about the positive link between work engagement and job satisfaction. The results of the research can be a guide for managers and policymakers. Specifically, based on these results, different mechanisms can be put in place to support work engagement and, in turn, job satisfaction in the COVID-19 process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the social cyberloafing (SC) scale as an important predictor of the mental health of healthcare employees. Methods: The data for this descriptive cross‐sectional study was obtained from 202 Turkish healthcare employees. We followed Dima's 6‐step protocol for validation. Findings: The one‐dimensional structure of the scale was found to be homogenous (H = 0.54) and reliable (α = 0.87). The CFA demonstrated that the 7‐item and one‐factor construct was a valid instrument to measure the SC (GFI = 0.98, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.03, RMSEA = 0.09). Practical Implications: These results demonstrated that the Turkish version of the SC scale is an accurate measurement tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The veined Rapa whelk, Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846), have a significant commercial value in Turkey. This study was carried out between December 2013 and November 2014 in the Black Sea. R. venosa was collected to determine the reproductive cycle, the gonadosomatic index, gonad index. Monthly variation in gonad development stages revealed that R. venosa has an annual reproductive cycle and long gonadal activity period. Spawning occurred mainly between May and July and peaked in July and in September. The gonad development stages of males and females differed significantly (P<0.05) between months. In November, 1 out of 30 samples were found as a hermaphrodite, containing both sperm and eggs in the same area. Male individuals were dominant during the study period (1.0:2.4 female: male). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science & Mathematics Education is the property of Balikesir University, Necatibey Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: This meta-analytic review aimed to synthesize and analyse studies that explored the relationship between nurses' work-family conflicts and turnover intentions. Design: This meta-analytical review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and PRISMA checklist. Data Sources: A total of 191 (k = 14) publications published between 2005 and 2019 in English, including grey literature on turnover intention and work-family conflict, were retrieved from PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest and Scopus databases. Review Methods: Studies on the relationship between work-family conflict and turnover intention were summarized. Results: An overall effect size of r = .28 (N = 5781, 95% CI [0.23-0.33]) was obtained, indicating a moderate, positive and significant relationship between work-family conflict and turnover intention. The moderator analysis showed that individualism and long-term orientation accounted for 90% of effect size heterogeneity of work-family conflict and turnover intention relationship. Conclusion: Exploring the correlation between work-family conflict and turnover intention can provide guidelines and recommendations for the development of strategies to promote nurse retention and alleviate the nursing shortage. National culture, particularly individualism and long-term orientation, were found to play a significant moderator role in this relationship. Cultures that are highly individualistic and have a long-term orientation have a diminishing effect on the relationship between work-family conflict and turnover intention. Impact: Work-family conflict and turnover intention are significantly correlated factors regardless of the studies' cultural characteristics examined in this study. Policymakers and managers should consider this finding and develop strategies that provide a balance-oriented work design to prevent nurse shortage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Beykoz Akademi Dergisi is the property of Beykoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study was performed in Çanakkale Strait from September 2012 to August 2013. Biochemical composition (protein, total lipid, moisture, and ash), condition index, and meat yield of Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis in the net systems hung out the open sea cage units monthly. The mean condition index and meat yield of M. galloprovincialis were found 8.12±0.48 and 16.07±0.70%, respectively. A positive correlation was found between condition index and protein, carbohydrate, and meat yield whereas a negative correlation was seen between condition index and weight, length, lipid, moisture, and ash. In terms of seasons, condition index and protein values were high in autumn, lipid values in summer, and carbohydrate values in spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambidexterity refers to an organization's ability to pursue both exploitative and exploratory orientation. Ambidextrous organizations can use exploitative and exploratory strategies concurrently. Accordingly, in today's business world where change, environmental uncertainty, and sustainable competitive advantage are important, organizational ambidexterity provides organizations with adaptability skills. The aim of this study is to investigate organizational ambidexterity levels of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and to detect the number of ambidextrous organizations in Turkey. Data was collected through convenience sampling method from managers working in different sectors in Turkey. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0. Findings revealed that approximately 50% of SMEs (298 enterprises) correspond to high-level ambidexterity group. Also, this study provides theoretical and practical implications for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Global Journal of Economics & Business Studies is the property of Gumushane University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iş, Güç: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources is the property of Is, Guc: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kastamonu University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty / Kastamonu Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Kastamonu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Buwayhīds period has a great importance due to the fact that Imamiyye Shi'a has reached the state power and possibilities for the first time in its history. The Buwayhīds didn't pursue a policy that only preceded Shi'ism; they have always put forward pragmatic policies and practices that take Sunnism into account as a requirement of social and political conditions. However, this period has a great importance in terms of the development of Imami/Shi'i thought in both the religious and the political aspects. In this article, we will try to deal with the Buwayhīds period which are so important for the development of Shi'ism, in terms of great scholars and theologians who have lived this period and have played a significant role in the development of Shi'ism. We have done the following, Great Shi'ite scholars and theologians such as Ibn Cunayd al-Iskâfî, Shaykh al-Sadūq, Shaykh al-Mufīd, Sharīf al-Radī, Sharīf al-Murtazā, an-Najāshī, Abu Ca'fer al- Tûsî who lived in this period adhering to the historical order. In this context, the life stories of these thinkers are expressed in their main sections, then basic ideas are taken into consideration and some evaluations are made on their contributions of the development of Imamiyye Shi'a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our purpose in this study was to examine the relationship between presenteeism and the conscientiousness trait as an individual-level predictor of employee health and productivity. We used convenience sampling to recruit 168 Turkish health employees, who completed measures of conscientiousness and presenteeism. The findings revealed that in a work outcomes context, the conscientiousness trait was positively related to the noncompletion of work dimension of presenteeism, the focus of which is on work outcomes. However, the relationship between the conscientiousness trait and the distraction dimension of presenteeism was nonsignificant. Our findings have implications for managers and organizations, who should be proactive in taking preventative precautions to mitigate the possible negative effects of presenteeism behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kafkas University, Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences Faculty / Kafkas Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of University of Kafkas, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cyberslacking usually refers to the use of information and communication technologies (including mobile technologies) for non-job purposes. The loss which cyberslacking causes in terms of the employees and corporations has recently gained an increasing importance. However, the Turkish literature is limited about negative variables which lead to employees to the cyberslacking behaviors. In this context, the objective of this study is to determine the relationships between cyberslacking activities and organizational justice perceptions of the staff in the education sector. The sample of the study which has been conducted through questionnaire consists of151 academic and administrative staff. The findings of the researchdemonstrate that the perception of the organizational justice is not a predictor variable for cyberslacking behaviors. Together with these, some theoretical and practical implications for both organizations and employees are discussed under this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Management & Economics Research is the property of Journal of Management & Economics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ibâdism has an important place due to the fact that the important branch of Khâridjite especially in the historical sence, among the religious groups and sects that lived in the geography of the Middle East. Abdullah ibn Ibâd that lived in the first century Hijra and Jabir ibn Zayd that systematized the views of sect has a serious role in the emergence of Ibâdism. Ibâdism that arose in the early stages of the Islamic History has more moderate viewpoint and manner according to other groups of Khâridjites. Ibâdism is also more open compromise, exchange ideas and tolerance for other religious groups. Ibâdism that has emerged in the geography of Iraq had spread to other parts of the Islamic World in the process. Among the places where Ibâdism spread, some residential units away from Headquarters of Libya, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria, some parts of Africa such as Sudan, Mali, Madagascar, Tanzania and Zengibâr, the geography of Umân that located to the South of the Arabian Peninsula are very important. Tadeusz Lewicki is one of the important researchers that grown in the Western world and worked on issues such as historical development of Ibâdites and their faith and teachings, culture and literatures. In this article we will try to put forward the location of Lewicki who studied important researches and apparently is a versatile researcher at the same time and his contributions towards the studies of Ibâdism. In this context, first of all, a general assessment of the studies related to Ibâdism will be made for us to give a cultural infrastructure with the aim to better understand of subject, then Tadeusz Lewicki's life and upbringing and important works on Ibâdism will focus. Than again, the studies whose Lewicki has made in this field will focus and some assessments about his opinions on Ibâdism with in this framework will be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algeria and Tunisia, particularly Libya are an important geography which Ibadism has existed for centuries. Ibadism has survived around Berber-origin tribes and with their hands throughout history. The important scholars and authors who have adopted the Ibadi faith, thought and tradition such as Ibn Sallâm al-İbâdî, Darjînî, Barrâdî, Wârjilânî, Shammâhî and Mazâtî have grown in this region. Ali Yahyâ Mu'ammar is one of the recent representatives of scientific tradition in this area. Ali Yahyâ Mu'ammar who grown in Libya is a researcher who knows and recognizes this area because of he lives in the countries such as Tunisia and Algeria that is the neighbors of Libya. Ali Yahyâ Mu'ammar had played a leading role in transmission the Ibadi tradition to the generations coming after him as well as he knows this tradition in this region. He wrote many studies throughout his life. In this article, we will try to put forward the place and contributions of Ali Yahyâ Mu'ammar who is one of the important representatives on Ibadism in the last period, so to reveal the subject from perspective of an author insider. That's why, it has been aimed to contribute to Ibadi literature in our country that the knowledge about subject is insufficient and less. In this context, first of all, the life and scientifical personality of Ali Yahyâ Mu'ammar will be focus. Then his opinions about Ibadism will be analyze on the different dimensions and in this context, some assessments will be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Husniyya is still a reading source among the Alawi-Bektashi communities in some regions although not much, such as Buyruk, Vilâyat-nâme, Kumru and Futuwwatnâme. There is serious role of Safawid propaganda in Anatolia in occurence of Husniyya such as some other Alawi-Bektashi classics. Husniyya had been written by aim to spread Shiism rather than Qizilbashism from Safavid supporters. Husniyya defends some creeds of Shia against her adversaries from tongue a concubine who is called Husniyya and who grew up near İmam Ca'fer es- Sâdık and contents the debates of her with Sunnite and Mu'tazilite scholars in the period of Harun Rashid Abbasid Caliph ??d. 193/809??. It is a defense and polemics work in this sense. Although it has been related to Abû'l-Futûh ar- Razî ??d. 552/1157?? who one of Shii/Imamî scholars, its author hasn't been known. It dealt with mostly subjects such as belief-unbelief, prophet, innocence of the imams, ahl al-bayt, Imam Ali, the superiority of Ali to other caliphs in every sides, Gadir-i Hum and Kırtas events and injustices to ahl al-bayt in Islamic history. In this article, Husniyya has been evaluated in the context of the sectarian patterns, particularly Shiite/Imami patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Previous theoretical explanations and empirical analyses of the multinationality-performance relationship have produced mixed arguments and results. Linear and curvilinear relationships have been theorized and confirmed empirically. This study aims to reconcile earlier mixed findings by incorporating the role of entry mode choice as a moderating variable. Design/methodology/approach - Extensive literature survey is conducted in order to provide an explanation for the different performance patterns of internationalization via licensing, joint venture and wholly owned subsidiary. Findings - Based on the assumptions of Transaction Cost Economics and Organizational Capability perspectives, several research propositions about the multinationality-performance relationship are formulated, which provide a more fine-tuned approach to the performance implications of multinationality. Originality/value - This paper contributes to multinationality-performance debate by showing that the impact of multinationality depends on the firm-level strategies implemented while going international; to be more precise, the net benefits from multinationality are likely to vary for different modes of foreign market entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]