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Recently, high‐entropy perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their diverse chemical composition and multifunctionality. In this study, the high‐entropy approach was employed in a (Bi0.4Na0.2K0.2Ba0.2)TiO3 matrix, and Nd3+ was introduced to enhance the configurational entropy and modify its dielectric and ferroelectric properties. Notably, despite Nd3+ doping, all samples maintained a tetragonal perovskite structure at room temperature. The configurational entropy increased with the Nd3+ concentration, consequently leading to a gradual decline in the ferroelectric properties along with the associated temperature (Tm) and maximum dielectric constant (εm). The P–E loops of the ceramics also became thinner as Pm and Pr decreased, resulting in a slow decrease in the recoverable energy density (Wrec) and a simultaneous increase in the energy storage efficiency (η). Especially, the energy storage performance reached its peak at an Nd3+ concentration of 12 mol%, exhibiting an energy storage efficiency of 85.8% and a recoverable energy storage density of 0.74 J/cm3 at a low electric field of 100 kV/cm. These results highlight the potential of this material for dielectric applications in low electric fields and contribute to the advancement of alternative high‐entropy energy storage perovskite ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for about 80-85% of all lung cancer cases is one of the fastest-growing malignancies in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide and is commonly treated with cisplatin (DDP). Although treatment may initially be effective, the DDP therapy often leads to the development of chemoresistance and treatment failure. Disulphiram (DSF), an old alcohol-aversion drug, has been revealed to help reverse drug resistance in several cancers. In addition, several studies have shown a close relationship between drug resistance and cancer cell stemness. Methods: In this study, DDP and DSF were embedded in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) to prepare a co-loaded inclusion complex of DDP and DSF (DDP-DSF/CD) with enhanced solubility and therapeutic effects. The effects and mechanism of DSF on the DDP resistance from the perspective of cancer cell stemness were determined. Results: Our data show that DDP-DSF/CD increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis of DDP-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) cells, inhibited stem cell transcriptional regulatory genes and drug resistance-associated proteins and reversed the DDP resistance in vitro and in vivo. Discussion: Overall, DDP-DSF/CD could be a promising formulation for the reversal of DDP resistance in NSCLC by inhibiting cancer cell stemness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, high‐entropy perovskite oxides (HEPOs) have received increasing interest for energy storage applications owing to their unique structure, huge composition space, and promising properties. However, designing HEPOs with improved energy storage performance remains a challenge. In this study, various HEPOs were designed by partially replacing Zr4+ for Ti4+ in (Bi0.4Ba0.2K0.2Na0.2)TiO3 medium‐entropy ferroelectric ceramics. The resulting ceramics exhibited a pseudo‐cubic structure. With increasing Zr4+ content, the ceramics gradually transformed into relaxor ferroelectrics. The energy storage performance of the ceramics depended on the Zr4+ content. The sample with 20 mol% Zr4+ showed the best energy storage performance with a maximum reversible energy density of 2.47 J/cm3 and an energy storage efficiency of 82.3% at a low applied electric field (224 kV/cm). This study obtained a promising material for the new generation dielectric energy storage capacitors and provided a novel method for enhancing energy storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As important nodes in the air transport system, it is of great significance for airports to achieve the carbon-peaking goal before 2030 under the target of peaking carbon emissions in China's civil aviation industry. However, it remains unknown whether airports will be able to realize this ambitious goal due to a variety of uncertain factors, such as the social economy, epidemic impact, and emission reduction measures. According to the possibilities of uncertain factors, 12 uncertain scenarios were constructed. Using the case of Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (CAN), this study predicted medium- and long-term carbon emission trends under 12 uncertain scenarios based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model. Furthermore, the effects of carbon abatement measures and emission reduction responsibilities were analyzed. The results show that CAN cannot guarantee that it will realize the goal under the established abatement policy. If socioeconomic development is rapid, carbon emissions will peak at about 90 kt tons in 2030, and if socioeconomic development is slow, it will plateau at about 1 million tons between 2030 and 2035. What is more, airlines bear the greatest responsibility for reducing emissions, and technological progress measures have the highest abatement potential. This study provides decision support for airport stakeholders in abatement work so as to ensure that airports can achieve the carbon-peaking goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of investment casting of a titanium alloy gearbox based on the ProCAST software was established in this work, and the simulated result was used to optimize the casting process. The flow and temperature field of casting were simulated based on an actual pouring process. Casting defects and the solidification process were analyzed. The results show that the defects can be predicted by the simulation result exactly, and the simulated temperature field is in accordance with the actual process. Shrinkage and porosity are observably alleviated by remodelling the casting mould. The casting temperature field and solidification simulation results show that the casting defects arise from hot spots and heat accumulation. The temperature-time curve of different representative location nodes of casting further confirms the defect simulation results. In addition, the use of low-cost alloy elements reduces raw material costs. Compared with TC4 alloy, the mechanical properties of the casting remain unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop nutritional oil similar to Chinese human milk in terms of fatty acids composition and triglyceride, several vegetable oils and 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol (OPO) were selected to prepare nutritional oil microcapsule. The result showed that human milk fat substitute (HMFS) prepared by these oils (soybean oil (SO): camellia oil (CMO): high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO): corn oil (CRO): OPO = 28.24:0.00:12.94:8.82:50.00) was the optimal formula. After spray drying, the final microcapsule product was milky white with good solubility and microencapsulation efficiency (MEE = 92.1%). The dispersion coefficient of the microcapsule particle size distribution was 0.200 and the average particle size was 202.767 nm, both particle size distribution experiment and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicated that the particle size of the microcapsule was uniform and the surface was smooth, After 30 days' accelerated experiment, the peroxide value of microcapsule products was 10.24 meq/kg, indicating the product had good oxidative stability. Practical applications: Human milk is considered the most ideal food source for newborns, but not all cases have human milk for infant. Therefore, it is necessary to produce formula milk powder whose composition and function are closer to human milk. This study used five commonly edible oils and added OPO to develop a HMFS similar to human milk in fatty acids and triglycerides. The optimal formula contributed to long shelf life (27 months) and good physicochemical properties, promoting the development of HMFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The nutrients in human milk, particularly amino acids and minerals, are important for infant growth and development. Since there are few reports of amino acids and minerals in Chinese breast milk, we conducted this study to establish a representative preliminary database of breast milk nutrients in Chinese breast milk. In this study, we collected breast milk from healthy mothers in seven cities in western, southern and central China. The composition, content and proportion of total amino acids and ten elements (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium and phosphorus) in human milk in different lactation stages were investigated. RESULTS: In this study, it was found that the content of total essential amino acids (671.47 mg 100 mL−1) in Chinese breast milk was higher compared with the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) (574 mg 100 mL−1), but the content of leucine (LEU) (129.01 mg 100 mL−1) and cysteine (CYS) (20.31 mg 100 mL−1) was much lower than that recommended by ESPGHAN. Moreover, it was found that the content of most of these ten elements decreased during lactation, and the content of calcium in Chinese breast milk was lower compared with ESPGHAN. In addition, the content of selenium (7.23–20.55 mg 1000 mL−1) in breast milk from the three cities Nanchang, Shanghai and Guangzhou in China was much higher than that recommended by ESPGHAN. CONCLUSIONS: In a word, amino acids and minerals in Chinese human milk showed a significant difference from other countries. Human milk meal or infant food should be regulated to meet the requirements of the infant and to maintain the balance of the amino acids and minerals. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper use the core principles of critical realism (CR) and Bourdieu’s practice theory to argue how symbolic value arise in the real domain from the relation between the complex assemblages of social, actors and enterprise information system (EIS), how symbolic value are actualized over time by various actors, and how these actualizations lead to the various effects we observe in the empirical domain. It helps to improve the previous implementation method of function oriented, analysis the symbolism and symbolic value hidden behind EIS, and build a theoretical framework of symbolic value releasing from EIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whey, an essential source of dietary nutrients, is widely used in dairy foods for infants. A total of 584 whey proteins in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk were identified and quantified by the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomic method. The 424 differentially expressed whey proteins were identified and analyzed according to gene ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway, and multivariate statistical analysis. Biological processes principally involved biological regulation and response to stimulus. Major cellular components were extracellular region part and extracellular space. The most prevalent molecular function was protein binding. Twenty immune-related proteins and 13 proteins related to enzyme regulatory activity were differentially expressed in human and bovine milk. Differentially expressed whey proteins participated in many KEGG pathways, including major complement and coagulation cascades and in phagosomes. Whey proteins show obvious differences in expression in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk, with consequences for biological function. The results here increase our understanding of different whey proteomes, which could provide useful information for the development and manufacture of dairy products and nutrient food for infants. The advanced iTRAQ proteomic approach was used to analyze differentially expressed whey proteins in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The burgeoning requirement for compact electronic devices has intensified research into lead‐free dielectric ceramics that offer superior recoverable energy storage density and efficiency at low electric fields. In this study, we report the synthesis of Nd3+‐doped (Bi0.4K0.2Na0.2Sr0.2)TiO3 perovskite ceramics via the solid‐state reaction technique. The synthesized ceramics adopted a tetragonal crystal structure. As the concentration of Nd3+ ions increased, both the maximum dielectric constant (εm) and its corresponding temperature (Tm) decrease. The incorporation of Nd3+ ions perturbed the long‐range ferroelectric order, leading to diminished maximum polarization (Pm) and remanent polarization (Pr). The ceramics achieved optimal properties with 12 mol% Nd3+ doping, showcasing a significant recoverable energy storage density of 1.50 J/cm3 at a low electric field of 140 kV/cm, along with an exceptional storage efficiency of 94.6%. This research not only highlights a promising candidate for dielectric materials in low electric field applications but also introduces an innovative approach to enhance energy storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review critically evaluates current in vitro gastrointestinal models for assessing infant formulas from a perspective focusing on a process along digestion, absorption and microbial fermentation. Despite their potential, none of the current in vitro gastrointestinal models fully considers the dynamics and continuous upstream‐downstream process of the human digestive tract. Considering the substantial differences between infants and adults, there is a pressing need for whole‐process gastrointestinal models tailored to infants. Developing such models is crucial for accurately assessing infant formula nutritional value and physiological function, enhancing the formulation of infant formulas to better meet the needs of infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDuring the application of Whey proteins (WPs), they often have complex interactions with saccharides (Ss), another important biopolymer in food substrate. The texture and sensory qualities of foods containing WPs and Ss are largely influenced by the interactions of WPs-Ss. Moreover, the combination of WPs and Ss is possible to produce many excellent functional properties including emulsifying properties and thermal stability. However, the interactions between WPs-Ss are complex and susceptible to some processing conditions. In addition, with different interaction ways, they can be applied in different fields. Therefore, the non-covalent interaction mechanisms between WPs-Ss are firstly summarized in detail, including electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, van der Waals force. Furthermore, the existence modes of WPs-Ss are introduced, including complex coacervates, soluble complexes, segregation, and co-solubility. The covalent interactions of WPs-Ss in food applications are often formed by Maillard reaction (dry or wet heat reaction) and occasionally through enzyme induction. Then, two common influencing factors, pH and temperature, on non-covalent/covalent bonds are introduced. Finally, the applications of WPs-Ss complexes and conjugations in improving WP stability, delivery system, and emulsification are described. This review can improve our understanding of the interactions between WPs-Ss and further promote their wider application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the long-term clinical efficacy and safety of adding cilostazol (TAT) to conventional dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) for patients undergoing drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in coronary arteries. Methods We performed PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL searches for randomized clinical trials of TAT versus DAT in patients after DES implantation with criteria to include trials with a follow-up of more than 6 months. Results Seven RCTs with a total of 3487 patients were included in this review. The meta-analysis showed that TAT was associated with a significant reduction in major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) (relative risk (RR) = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.50–0.88), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (RR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.43–0.84), target vessel revascularization (TVR) (RR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.37–0.75), in-stent restenosis (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.44–0.85), in-segment restenosis (RR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43–0.79, P < .01), in-stent late loss (LL) (standardized mean difference (SMD) = − 0.21, 95% CI = 0.32–0.17), and in-segment LL (SMD = − 0.27, 95% CI = − 0.38–0.16). TAT also did not appear to significantly alter any of the other meta-analysis secondary efficacy outcomes and had similar rates of bleeding, but TAT had significantly higher rates of rash, gastrointestinal side-effects, headache and drug discontinuation. Conclusions Compared with standard DAT, the long-term use of TAT in patients after DES implantation gave more benefits in reducing the incidence of MACEs, TLR, TVR, in-stent and in-segment LL and restenosis without increasing bleeding but was associated with an increase in minor adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autophagy-impairment is involved in the pathological process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and relates to inflammation and emphysema in lung injury. This study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of S -Allylmercapto- N -acetylcysteine (ASSNAC) against COPD via regulating the autophagy. Firstly, porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced COPD model in A549 cells was established, and ASSNAC was verified to alleviate the autophagy-impairment from the results of western blotting analysis of LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining of autophagosome. Secondly, Balb/c mice were stimulated by PPE to induce the COPD model in vivo. The histological analysis of lung tissues presented that ASSNAC could alleviate the lung injury induced by PPE. Thirdly, the secretions of NO, TNF- α and IL-1 β in serum and BALF were reduced by ASSNAC compared with the PPE group. Finally, the mechanism of therapeutic effects of ASSNAC against COPD through regulating the autophagy-impairment was clarified. That is, ASSNAC inhibits the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. In a word, this research provides a reference for ASSNAC to be an effective drug for pulmonary diseases. • The COPD induced by PPE in mice was ameliorated by a derivative of allicin ASSNAC. • The PPE-induced inflammation and emphysema was alleviated by ASSNAC via regulating autophagy. • The probably mechanisms of ASSNAC against PPE-induced COPD might be associated with PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Breast milk proteins are essential to infants as they provide nutrition and protection. This study evaluated multiple factors that might influence breast milk proteins to identify the determinants that lead to inter-individual and longitudinal differences.Methods and Study Design: Five major breast milk proteins (β-casein, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, serum albumin and κ-casein) from breast milk samples collected from 55 mothers in three cities (Hohhot, Wuhan and Qingdao) in China were analyzed using a validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Various factors were statistically evaluated for their associations with breast milk proteins: mother's age, parity, delivery mode, infant gender and infant birthweight.Results: Although decreased in concentrations, the proportions of β-casein and α-lactalbumin increased from colostrum (33.8% and 26.8%) to mature milk (40.3% and 31.6%), respectively. Mothers of older age were found to produce a lower concentration of total protein. Compared with vaginal delivery, caesarean section was associated with lower concentrations of κ-casein, lactoferrin and β-casein in mature milk. Infant gender influenced breast milk proteins in colostrum: mothers who delivered a girl tended to produce more κ-casein, lactoferrin and total protein. Furthermore, regional differences were found, and mothers from Hohhot produced significantly higher concentrations of α-lactalbumin and lactoferrin than those from Qingdao and Wuhan. This regional difference might be linked to the different dietary patterns of these mothers among cities.Conclusions: Our study deepens the understanding of breast milk protein dynamics in Chinese population and provides evidence on potential determinants, which can serve as guidance for infant nutrition optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes are membranous vesicles found in biological fluids with important functions. However, milk-derived exosome proteins from humans and bovines have not been studied in detail. The advanced iTRAQ proteomic approach was used to analyze milk-derived exosomes in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk samples. A total of 920 milk exosome proteins were identified and quantified. Among these, 575 differentially expressed exosome proteins ( P < 0.05) were found. Multivariate analysis, gene ontology (GO) annotation and the KEGG pathway were used to interpret the identified proteins. The major biological processes involved were: response to stimulus (22%), localization (16%), establishment of localization (14%), and cellular component organization (14%). Cellular components engaged in intracellular (31%) and intracellular part (31%). The most prevalent molecular function mainly touched upon binding (52%). Milk exosome proteins participated in several KEGG pathways containing ribosome, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, leukocyte transendothelial migration, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. These results provide important information on human and bovine milk exosomes, and increase knowledge on the proteomes of these exosomes across different lactation stages, which could provide potential directions for newborn milk powder, biological markers and functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Risk communication and the degree of trust are major factors that affect the public's behavioral coping strategies and play an important role in emergency risk management. However, the internal formation mechanism involved in the public's psychological behavior remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association among risk communication, trust, risk perception, negative emotions, and behavioral coping strategies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify and quantify the factors that influence public behavior., Methods: We launched an online survey through social media from April to July 2020 in China. Relevant data were elicited using a self-designed questionnaire that mainly examined respondent characteristics, risk communication, trust, risk perception, negative emotions, protective coping behavior, and excessive coping behavior in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 735 valid responses were obtained. A structural equation model was then used to explore relationship pathways among the components., Results: The higher the degree of risk communication (β = -0.10, p < 0.05) and trust (β = -0.22, p < 0.001), the lower the public risk perception. Risk communication and trust had a direct effect on public behavioral coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The higher the level of risk communication (β = 0.14, p < 0.001) or trust (β = 0.48, p < 0.001), the more likely it was that this would encourage the public to adopt protective coping behaviors, while the public was less likely to engage in excessive coping behaviors as the degree of trust increased (β = -0.12, p < 0.01). Risk perception influenced by poor risk communication and trust generated negative emotions (β = 0.31, p < 0.001), and such negative emotions further positively influenced public behavioral coping strategies (whether protective [β = 0.09, p < 0.05] or excessive [β = 0.24, p < 0.001] behaviors)., Conclusion: Risk communication, trust, risk perception, and negative emotions were significantly directly or indirectly related to public behavior. The findings provide useful information for emergency risk management and a theoretical basis for follow-up research on public coping behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Gu, He, Wu, Tao, Ye and Wu.)

Mistletoe (Viscum album) lectins, which are classified as a type II ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) due to their unique biological function and the potential medical and therapeutic application in cancer cells, receive a rising attention. The heterodimeric glycoproteins contain the Achain with catalytic activity and the B-chain with sugar binding properties. In recent years, studies involving the lectins from the white berry European mistletoe (Viscum album) and the yellow berry Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) have been described. However, the detailed mechanism in exerting unique cytotoxic effect on cancer cells still remains unclear. Here, we aim to understand and define the molecular basis and biological effects of the type II RIPs, through the studies of the recombinant Korean mistletoe lectin. To this end, we expressed, purified the recombinant Korean mistletoe lectin (rKML), and investigated its molecular characteristics in vitro, its cytotoxicity and ability to induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. To gain structural basis for its catalytic activity and sugar binding properties, we performed homology modeling studies based on the high degree of sequence identity and conserved secondary structure prediction between Korean and European, Himalayan mistletoe lectins, and Ricin.