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The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the model of antitumor therapy. With the continuous deepening of the research on the mechanism of immunotherapy, ICIs, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors, have been widely used in a variety of tumors. Nevertheless, the use of ICI can also lead to a series of immune-related adverse events. Common immune-related adverse events include gastrointestinal toxicity, pulmonary toxicity, endocrine system toxicity, and skin toxicity. Neurologic adverse events are relatively rare, but they seriously affect the quality of life and shorten the survival time of patients. This article reports cases of peripheral neuropathy mediated by PD-1 inhibitors and retrieves the relevant literatures at home and abroad to summarize the neurotoxicity caused by PD-1 inhibitors, so as to strengthen the awareness of clinicians and patients on neurologic adverse reactions and mitigate potential adverse effects of implemented therapies.