Search

Sea state bias (SSB) is a crucial error of satellite radar altimetry over the ocean surface. For operational nonparametric SSB (NPSSB) models, such as two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) NPSSB, the solution process becomes increasingly complex and the construction of their regression functions pose challenges as the dimensionality of relevant variables increases. And most current SSB correction models for altimeters still follow those of traditional nadir radar altimeters, which limits their applicability to Synthetic Aperture Radar altimeters. Therefore, to improve this situation, this study has explored the influence of multi-dimensional SSB models on Synthetic Aperture Radar altimeters. This paper proposes a deep learning-based SSB estimation model called SNSSB, which employs a Siamese network framework, takes various multi-dimensional variables related to sea state as inputs, and uses the difference in sea surface height (SSH) at self-crossover points as the label. Experiments were conducted using Sentinel-6 self-crossover data from 2021 to 2023, and the model is evaluated using three main metrics: the variance of the SSH difference, the explained variance, and the SSH difference variance index (SVDI). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SNSSB model can further improve the accuracy of SSB estimation. On a global scale, compared to the traditional NPSSB, the multi-dimensional SNSSB not only decreases the variance of the SSH difference by over 11%, but also improves the explained variance by 5-10 cm2 in mid- and low-latitude regions. And the regional SNSSB also performs well, reducing the variance of the SSH difference by over 10% compared to the NPSSB. Additionally, the SNSSB model improves the computational efficiency by approximately 100 times. The favorable results highlight the potential of the multi-dimensional SNSSB in constructing SSB models, particularly the five-dimensional (5D) SNSSB, representing a breakthrough in overcoming the limitations of traditional NPSSB for constructing high-dimensional models. This study provides a novel approach to exploring the multiple influencing factors of SSB.

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether quantification of lung GGN shape is useful in predicting pathological categorization of lung adenocarcinoma and guiding the clinic. Methods 98 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma were pathologically confirmed and CT was performed preoperatively, and all lesions were pathologically ≤ 30 mm in size. On CT images, we measured the maximum area of the lesion’s cross-section (MA). The longest diameter of the tumor (LD) was marked with points A and B, and the perpendicular diameter (PD) was marked with points C and D, which was the longest diameter perpendicular to AB. and D, which was the longest diameter perpendicular to AB. We took angles A and B as big angle A (BiA) and small angle A (SmA). We measured the MA, LD, and PD, and for analysis we derived the LD/PD ratio and the BiA/SmA ratio. The data were analysed using the chi-square test, t-test, ROC analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis. Results Precursor glandular lesions (PGL) and microinvasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) were distinguished from invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) by the BiA/SmA ratio and LD, two independent factors (p = 0.007, p = 0.018). Lung adenocarcinoma pathological categorization was indicated by the BiA/SmA ratio of 1.35 and the LD of 11.56 mm with sensitivity of 81.36% and 71.79%, respectively; specificity of 71.79% and 74.36%, respectively; and AUC of 0.8357 (95% CI: 0.7558–0.9157, p

Prefabricated concrete structure is an important aspect of the building structure development in China, while the grouted sleeve connection represents a key tool for connection on prefabricated concrete structure parts. Various grouting defects may arise during the prefabrication and actual construction processes, thereby causing unsafe connection among components. Here, we report determination of the mechanical properties of a full-grouted sleeve with grouting defects，using the defect position (end defect, middle defect, uniform defect, unilateral defect, and horizontal defect) and the defect length as test variables. We generated a total of 11 groups of full-grouted sleeve specimens, with one group as a full-grouted standard specimen. All specimens were subjected to a unidirectional tensile test, and failure mode, ultimate bearing capacity, load-slip curve, load-displacement curve as well as load-stress curve obtained. Meanwhile, the ANSYS software was used for numerical simulation. Notably, our numerical results corroborated experimental findings. The detailed profiles of mechanical properties of full-grouted sleeve connection with defects, described in this paper, are expected to serve both as a baseline and reference for further investigations.

Coastal fishery systems are vital for both the environment and the economy, and at present, they face heightened vulnerability due to global climate change and natural disasters. A clearer understanding of the challenges that the system presents can be obtained by examining the vulnerabilities of fishery systems. This study employed a vulnerability scoping diagram framework and a multi-indicator approach combined with the entropy weight method for assigning weights to systematically evaluate the vulnerabilities of fishery systems in China’s coastal provinces. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of vulnerability were analyzed and characterized, and the primary obstacles that affect vulnerability are discussed. The findings suggest that China’s coastal provinces’ fishery systems display vulnerability in terms of both time and space. From a temporal perspective, Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong provinces exhibited an increasing trend in vulnerability, while Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan showed decreasing trends. From a spatial perspective, Hainan and Liaoning’s fishery systems exhibited extremely high vulnerability in most years. In contrast, Tianjin consistently experienced extremely low vulnerability in most years. From the perspective of obstacles, the main factor was the funding for the extension of aquaculture technology, and this remained the primary obstacle factor across all years. The findings are significant for enhancing our understanding of vulnerability in fishery systems and for strengthening disaster prevention and mitigation measures. The results provide robust support for the improvement of management and the protection of fishery systems.

The proposed “Guanlan” ocean science satellite, led by China’s Laoshan Laboratory, includes an interferometric radar altimeter (IRA) as a key payload. As an integral part of its development, an airborne IRA experiment was conducted on 6 November 2021, with a flight path of approximately 90 km in the South China Sea. This study investigates the IRA’s ability to observe ocean sea surface height (SSH) across scales ranging from meters to mesoscale. The sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) of the IRA is aligned with the SSHA of the AVISO at scales greater than 30 km, but also demonstrates the ability to capture small-scale SSHA changes in two dimensions. We analyzed wavenumber spectra of SSHA obtained from the airborne IRA, ICESat-2, and SARAL/AltiKa satellite for this region. The results show a good agreement in power spectral density (PSD) levels between ICESat-2, SARAL/AltiKa and IRA at scales larger than 30 km. Within the submesoscale range of 1–10 km, the IRA SSHA spectrum exhibits a distinctly negative slope and the lowest energy level. The minimum PSD level of the IRA fell in the range of 10−4–10−3 m2/cycle/km, at scales around 1 km, which is more than an order of magnitude lower than that of ICESat-2, forming a spectral gap that is in agreement with the theoretical expectation. Furthermore, IRA-derived wave direction and significant wave height matched well with the MFWAM wave data. The results of this study underscore the considerable potential of airborne IRA in capturing SSHA across a range of scales, from oceanic waves to submesoscale.

Abstract Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one kind of chronic and uncurable diseases that can cause heart failure. Immune microenvironment plays a significant role in PAH. The aim of this study was to assess the role of immune cell infiltration in the pathogenesis of PAH. Differentially expressed genes based on microarray data were enriched in several immune‐related pathways. To evaluate the immune cell infiltration, based on the microarray data sets in the GEO database, we used both ssGSEA and the CIBERSORT algorithm. Additionally, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data was used to further explicit the specific role and intercellular communications. Then receiver operating characteristic curves and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to discover and test the potential diagnostic biomarkers for PAH. Both the immune cell infiltration analyses based on the microarray data sets and the cell proportion in scRNA‐seq data exhibited a significant downregulation in the infiltration of monocytes in PAH. Then, the intercellular communications showed that the interaction weighs of most immune cells, including monocytes changed between the control and PAH groups, and the ITGAL‐ITGB2 and ICAM signaling pathways played critical roles in this process. In addition, ITGAM and ICAM2 displayed good diagnosis values in PAH. This study implicated that the change of monocyte was one of the key immunologic features of PAH. Monocyte‐associated ICAM‐1 and ITGAL‐ITGB2 signaling pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of PAH.

ObjectiveThe relevant literatures in the field of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor were analyzed to understand the lineage, hot spots and development trends of research in this tumor.MethodThe Web of Science core collection was searched for English-language literature about neuroendocrine tumors of the lung published between 2000 and 2022. CiteSpace software was imported for visualization analysis of countries, institutions, co-cited authors and co-cited journals and sorting of high-frequency keywords, as well as co-cited references and keyword co-occurrence, clustering and bursting display.ResultsA total of 594 publications on neuroendocrine tumours of the lung were available, from 2000 to 2022, with an overall upward trend of annual publications in the literature. Authors or institutions from the United States, Italy, Japan and China were more active in this field, but there was little cooperation among the major countries. Co-cited references and keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis showed that research on diagnostic instruments, pathogenesis, ectopic ACTH signs, staging and prognosis and treatment was a current research hotspot. The keyword bursts suggested that therapeutic approaches might be a key focus of future research into the field for pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.ConclusionOver these 20 years, research related to neuroendocrine tumors of the lung has increased in fervour, with research on diagnostic instruments, pathogenesis, ectopic ACTH signs, staging and prognosis, and treatment being the main focus of research. Therapeutic treatments may be the future research trend in this field.

In the Southwestern Atlantic, the Falkland Current intrudes onto the South American shelf, resulting in the meeting of two water masses which are completely different in temperature and dynamic characteristics, thus generating the Southwestern Atlantic Front (SAF). Therefore, the SAF has prominent characteristics of thermal and dynamics. The current ocean front detection is mainly by performing gradient operations on sea surface temperature (SST) data, where regions with large temperature gradients are considered as ocean fronts. The thermal gradient method largely ignores the dynamical features, leading to inaccurate manifestation of SAF. This study develops a deep learning model, SAFNet, to detect the SAF through the synergy of 10-year (2010-2019) satellite-derived SST and sea surface height (SSH) observations to achieve high accuracy detection of SAF with fused thermal and dynamic characteristics. The comparative experimental results show that the detection accuracy of SAFNet reaches 99.45%, which is significantly better than other models. By comparing the frontal probability (FP) obtained by SST, SSH and SST-SSH fusion data respectively, it is proved that the necessity of fusion multi-source remote sensing data for SAF detection. The detection results of fusion data can reflect the spatial distribution of SAF more comprehensively and accurately. According to the meridional variation of FP, the main reason for the seasonal variation of the SAF is the change in its thermal characteristics, and the SAF has stable dynamic characteristics.

This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the impact of thyroid autoimmunity and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration on early pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection who had intact thyroid function. The study included 1,297 women who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, although only 588 patients received fresh embryo transfer. The study endpoints were clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, and early miscarriage rates. Our study found that the total 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentrations (P

This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the effects of thyroid autoimmunity, serum/follicular fluid vitamin D levels, and vitamin D receptor expression in granulosa cells on laboratory outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The study included 206 women with or without thyroid autoimmunity undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection ovarian stimulation cycles. The primary outcomes in thyroid autoimmunity and non-thyroid autoimmunity patients with high or low follicular fluid vitamin D levels (high vitamin D level, ≥20 ng/mL; low vitamin D level, 0.5). The study populations in the thyroid autoimmunity and non-thyroid autoimmunity groups were divided into two subgroups based on high/low serum/follicular fluid vitamin D levels. There was no significant difference in the number of retrieved oocytes and good-quality embryos between the subgroups with high or low vitamin D levels (p > 0.05), and the incidence of thyroid autoimmunity was comparable between the subgroups (p > 0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated that thyroid autoimmunity had a negative effect on the number of healthy embryos (p = 0.038). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results indicated that vitamin D receptor expression in granulosa cells was positively correlated with follicular vitamin D levels in the thyroid autoimmunity (p = 0.0002) and non-thyroid autoimmunity (p < 0.0001) groups. The current findings suggest that thyroid autoimmunity may have a more detrimental effect on in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection laboratory outcomes than vitamin D.

Rice paddies represent approximately 1.2% of the global soil organic carbon pool and contain 20% more soil organic carbon per hectare than croplands on average, according to a global synthesis.

Organic thermoelectric (TE) materials have been widely investigated due to their good stability, easy synthesis, and high electrical conductivity. Among them, polyaniline/carbon nanotubes (PANI/CNTs) composites have attracted significant attention for pursuing enhanced TE properties to meet the demands of commercial applications. In this review, we summarize recent advances in versatile PANI/CNTs composites in terms of the dispersion methods of CNTs (such as the addition of surfactants, mechanical grinding, and CNT functional group modification methods), fabrication engineering (physical blending and in-situ polymerization), post-treatments (solvent treatments to regulate the doping level and microstructure of PANI), and multi-components composites (incorporation of other components to enhance energy filtering effect and Seebeck coefficient), respectively. Various approaches are comprehensively discussed to illustrate the microstructure modulation and conduction mechanism within PANI/CNTs composites. Furthermore, we briefly give an outlook on the challenges of the PANI/CNTs composites for achieving high performance and hope to pave a way for future development of high-performance PANI/CNTs composites for sustainable energy utilization.

Prefabricated concrete (PC) buildings are a relatively new type of housing construction. It is not only necessary to ensure the quality of PC components, but also to guarantee the quality of key technical nodes of construction. Based on specific engineering project cases, this article proposes solutions and methods for the key technical nodes of prefabricated concrete construction, and proves their feasibility and effectiveness through practical applications. It illustrates an optimization of prefabricated concrete construction technology to improve construction quality.

This study focused on the modification of lentinan (LNT) and its degradation product, dLNT, through the nitric acid-sodium selenite method, resulting in the synthesis of 4 distinct seleno-polysaccharide (Se-LNTs). The selenium moiety was found to be connected to the C6 position of LNT in the form of selenate. The selenization process led to a notable reduction in molecular weight and an augmentation in chain rigidity. As the molecular weight decreased and chain rigidity increased, the cellular uptake of Se-LNT diminished. Additionally, the uptake pathway transitioned from macropinocytosis to caveolin-mediated endocytosis (CVME). In vitro cell experiments showed that all four Se-LNTs showed obvious anti-tumor activity, and Se-LNT-2 had higher selenium content and cellular uptake rate, showing better inhibitory effect. Furthermore, Se-LNTs were observed to induce a substantial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCT116 cells. The excessive ROS levels triggered mitochondrial peroxidation damage, escalating mitochondrial inner membrane permeability. This cascade event eventually led to the activation of caspase-3, ultimately leading to apoptosis in HCT116 cells and substantiating the anti-tumor effects of Se-LNTs. The comprehensive investigation into the structural modifications, cellular uptake mechanisms and biological activities of Se-LNTs underscores their potential as promising agents for anti-tumor applications.

A new algorithm called Huber-based iterated divided difference filtering (HIDDF) is derived and applied to cooperative localization of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) supported by a single surface leader. The position states are estimated using acoustic range measurements relative to the leader, in which some disadvantages such as weak observability, large initial error and contaminated measurements with outliers are inherent. By integrating both merits of iterated divided difference filtering (IDDF) and Huber’s M-estimation methodology, the new filtering method could not only achieve more accurate estimation and faster convergence contrast to standard divided difference filtering (DDF) in conditions of weak observability and large initial error, but also exhibit robustness with respect to outlier measurements, for which the standard IDDF would exhibit severe degradation in estimation accuracy. The correctness as well as validity of the algorithm is demonstrated through experiment results.

Runup is defined as the added water level above the still water level by waves. Accurate estimation of runup is essential for coastal protection, coastal management and hazard prediction. A video-based research was carried out in Gisborne and Mahia (New Zealand) to validate previously developed runup models in a New Zealand context and present locally adjusted models based on available models. A wave runup dataset containing 14 runup time series was produced. 5 previous models were tested with field observation. Among these models, the model proposed by Homan (1986) provides the most accurate predictions of 2% R . A locally adjusted model based on Homan (1986) yields improved results ( R² = 82%). For Gisborne and Mahia, 2% R is best parameterized by beach slope. A new model parameterized beach slope produces even better results ( R² = 83%). With information of beach slopes, it can be easily applicated to beaches around Gisborne and Mahia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite radar altimetry provides a unique perspective on ocean dynamic environment observation by measuring global sea surface height (SSH), significant wave height (SWH) and wind speed. As an important sea surface parameter, SWH is of significance in marine disaster prevention and mitigation, climate change studies, ocean energy survey, etc., and can be estimated by using an altimetry waveform retracking algorithm through satellite ground system. Given that ground processing could not respond to the disastrous ocean waves rapidly, it is inevitable to develop an onboard fast retrieval model to meet emergency demands. In this study, we proposed a linear model based on making use of leading edges of waveforms. The results show that root mean squared errors (RMSE) are from 0.165 m to 0.187 m between linear model and maximum likelihood retracker. Additionally, the time efficiency of the linear model is approximate 6000 times as fast as the on-ground maximum likelihood estimation procedure. Due to high accuracy, robustness and efficiency, the linear model provides a promising and practical solution for onboard quasi real-time wave height estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was established based on FVCOM, coupled with the Lagrangian particle tracking module to study the water exchange ability of 15 drain outlets of North and South Changshan Island. Meanwhile, the 30-day influence distance was introduced to quantify the water exchange ability. The drain outlets with a strong water exchange capacity are mainly located in the east of North and South Changshan Islands and the southwest corner of South Changshan Island, and those with a weak water exchange capacity are mainly located in the northwest corner of North Changshan Island, joint of South Changshan Island and the tombolo dyke and inside the Changdao Harbor. The 30-day influence range of the 15 drain outlets of North and South Changshan Islands is significantly affected by monsoon. East Asian monsoon accelerates the dispersion of the pollutants in the south sea areas of Bohai Strait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, adaptive noise estimation is used along with a previously proposed Huber-based robust algorithm for cooperative localisation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). The Huber-based robust cooperative localisation algorithm named Huber-based Iterative Divided Difference Filtering (HIDDF), proposed in our previous work, effectively achieved a robust result against abnormal measurement noise, enhanced the stability of the filtering algorithm and improved the performance of cooperative localisation state estimation. However, its performance could be significantly further improved if it could estimate the system's noise statistical properties online in real time and then adaptively adjust the filtering gain matrix accordingly. In this paper, a novel adaptive noise estimation algorithm is proposed based on a covariance matching method. The proposed algorithm is suitable for adaptively estimating Gaussian and non-Gaussian measurement as well as process noise. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm has been verified through simulation results. In order to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in practical systems, lake tests were conducted. Then, based on offline test data, the performance of the cooperative positioning algorithm under dual-pilot and single-pilot schemes was simulated. The advantages and feasibility of the algorithm are analysed and compared through performance comparison. Cooperative localisation accuracy of the previously proposed Huber-based robust algorithm has been enhanced significantly when used with the proposed adaptive noise estimation algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and stabilization has been increasingly the focus of ecosystem properties, how it could be linked to soil biological activity enhancement has been poorly assessed. In this study, topsoil samples were collected from a series of rice soils shifted from salt marshes for 0, 50, 100, 300 and 700 years from a coastal area of eastern China. Soil aggregates were fractioned into different sizes of coarse sand (200-2000 µm), fine sand (20-200 μm), silt (2-20 μm) and clay (< 2 μm), using separation with a low-energy dispersion protocol. Soil properties were determined to investigate niche specialization of different soil particle fractions in response to longterm rice cultivation, including recalcitrant and labile organic carbon, microbial diversity of bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities, soil respiration and enzyme activity. The results showed that the mass proportion both of coarse-sand (2000-200 µm) and clay (< 2 µm) fractions increased with prolonged rice cultivation, but the aggregate size fractions were dominated by fine-sand (200-20 μm) and silt (20-2 μm) fractions across the chronosequence. SOC was highly enriched in coarse-sand fractions (40-60 g kg-1/ and moderately in clay fractions (20-25 g kg-1/, but was depleted in silt fractions (~10 g kg-1/. The recalcitrant carbon pool was higher (33-40% of SOC) in both coarse-sand and clay fractions than in fine-sand and silt fractions (20-29% of SOC). However, the ratio of labile organic carbon (LOC) to SOC showed a weakly decreasing trend with decreasing size of aggregate fractions. Total soil DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) content in the size fractions followed a similar trend to that of SOC. Despite the largely similar diversity between the fractions, 16S ribosomal gene abundance of bacteria and of archaeal were concentrated in both coarse-sand and clay fractions. Being the highest generally in coarse-sand fractions, 18S rRNA gene abundance of fungi decreased sharply but the diversity gently, with decreasing size of the aggregate fractions. The soil respiration quotient (ratio of respired CO2- C to SOC) was the highest in the silt fraction, followed by the fine-sand fraction, but the lowest in coarse-sand and clay fractions in the rice soils cultivated over 100 years, whereas the microbial metabolic quotient was lower in coarse-sandsized fractions than in other fractions. Soil respiration was higher in the silt fraction than in other fractions for the rice soils. For the size fractions other than the clay fraction, enzyme activity was increased with prolonged rice cultivation, whereas soil respiration appeared to have a decreasing trend. Only in the coarse-sand fraction was both microbial gene abundance and enzyme activity well correlated to SOC and LOC content, although the chemical stability and respiratory of SOC were similar between coarse-sand and clay fractions. Thus, biological activity was generally promoted with LOC accumulation in the coarse-sand-sized macroaggregates of the rice soils, positively responding to prolonged rice cultivation management. The finding here provides a mechanistic understanding of soil organic carbon turnover and microbial community succession at fine scale of soil aggregates that have evolved along with anthropogenic activity of rice cultivation in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melamine was chemically introduced into a urea-formaldehyde system via co-condensation reactions during curing and foaming process, and a novel elastic urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF) foam with improved thermal stability, insulation property, and flame retardancy was fabricated. It was found that with a decrease of the mass ratio of urea formaldehyde resin and melamine formaldehyde resin (UF/MF), the curing process of UMF was prolonged, and a high curing temperature was necessary. The UMF foam exhibited an interconnected network structure with increasing cell size and size distribution, higher open cell porosity, and lower apparent density compared with pure UF foam. Evident recoverable deformation can be observed for UMF foam during the compression testing, which was resulted from the elasticity and toughness. By addition of melamine, the thermal conductivity decreased, while the decomposition temperature, char yield, and LOI increased, and during burning, the expansion of the flame was suppressed. With increasing content of MF resin, the sound absorption coefficient increased at first and then declined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To verify the interaction mechanism between sericin and Escherichia coli, especially the morphological and structural changes in the bacterial cells, the antimicrobial activity of sericin against E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria was investigated. The antibacterial activity of sericin on E. coli and the interaction mechanism were investigated in this study by analyzing the growth, integrity, and morphology of the bacterial cells following treatment with sericin. The changes in morphology and cellular compositions of bacterial cells treated with sericin were observed by an inverted fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Changes in electrical conductivity, total sugar concentration of the broth for the bacteria, and protein expression of the bacteria were determined to investigate the permeability of the cell membrane. A sericinbased hydrogel was prepared for an in vivo study of wound dressing. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the hydrogel increased with the increase in the concentration of sericin from 10 g/liter to 40 g/liter. The introduction of sericin induces membrane blebbing of E. coli cells caused by antibiotic action on the cell membrane. The cytoplasm shrinkage phenomenon was accompanied by blurring of the membrane wall boundaries. When E. coli cells were treated with sericin, release of intracellular components quickly increased. The electrical conductivity assay indicated that the charged ions are reduced after exposure to sericin so that the integrity of the cell membrane is weakened and metabolism is blocked. In addition, sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that sericin hinders the expression of bacterial protein. Sericin may damage the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, thereby eventually inhibiting the growth and reproduction of E. coli. Compared to sterile gauze, the sericin-based hydrogel promoted fibroblast cell proliferation and accelerated the formation of granulation tissues and neovessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While carbon stabilization had been increasingly concerned as ecosystem properties, the link between carbon stabilization and soil biological activity had been yet poorly assessed in soil dynamics of carbon and aggregation. In this study, topsoil samples were collected from rice soils derived from salt marsh under different lengths of rice cultivation up to 700 years from a coastal area of China. Particle size fractions (PSF) of soil aggregates were separated using a low energy dispersion protocol. Carbon fractions in the PSFs were analyzed with either FTIR spectros copy or chemical fractionation. Soil microbial community of bacterial, fungal and archaeal were analyzed with molecular fingerprinting using specific gene primers. Soil respiration and carbon gain from maize straw amendment as well as enzyme activities were respectively measured, using lab incubation protocols. While the PSFs were dominated by fine sand (200-20 Î?m) and silt (20-2 Î?m) fractions, the mass proportion both of sand (2000-200 Î?m) and clay (< 2 Î?m) fraction increased with prolonged rice cultivation. Soil organic carbon was enriched mostly in coarse sand fraction (40-60 g/kg), followed by the clay fraction (20-25 g/kg), but depleted in the silt fraction (~ 10 g/kg). Contents of recalcitrant C pool were higher (33-40% of total SOC) in both coarse sand and clay fractions than in fine sand and silt fractions (20-29% of total SOC). However, the ratio of LOC/SOC showed a weak decreasing trend with decreasing size of the PSFs. Total soil DNA content in the size fractions followed a similar trend to that of SOC. Bacterial and archaeal gene abundance were concentrated in both sand and clay fractions but that of fungi in sand fraction only, but increased with prolonged rice cultivation in both sand and clay fractions. Change in community diversity with sizes of the PSFs was found of fungi and weakly of bacterial but not of archaeal. Soil respiration quotient (Respired CO2-C to SOC) was highest in silt fraction, follo wed by the fine sand fraction but lowest in sand and clay fractions in the rice soils cultivated over 100 years. Whereas, scaled by total DNA concentration, respiration was higher in silt fraction than in other fractions for these rice soils. For the size fractions other th an clay fraction, soil DNA concentration, archaeal gene abundance, normalized enzyme activity and carbon sequestration was seen increased but SOC- and DNA-content scaled soil respiration decreased, more or less with prolonged rice cultivation. Carbon chemical stability and respiration were in a similar between sand and clay fractions but correlations of total DNA contents and bacterial gene abundance as well as normalized enzyme activity to SOC and labile OC content were only observed in sand fraction only. Our findings suggested that carbon accumulation and stabilization was prevalent in both sand and clay fraction, only the coarse sand fraction was found responsible for bioactivity dynamics in the rice soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of odor compounds in fresh sea buckthorn juice (FSBJ) and pulp (SBP) was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). A total of 39 and 36 odor compounds were identified in FSBJ and SBP, respectively. Further findings revealed that ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl 3-methylbutyrate, and 3-methylbutyl 3-methylbutanoate had high flavor dilution (FD) factors and were identified as the key odor compounds in FSBJ. In addition, the contents of ester compounds contributing to the fruity odor were significantly reduced in SBP after pasteurization. Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis revealed that the sweetness and overall taste of SBP were superior to those of FSBJ. The contents of vitamin C and total flavonoids were significantly lower in SBP than in FSBJ, indicating that pasteurization reduces the nutritional quality of FSBJ. The results of the study can provide theoretical references for the flavor and nutritional quality optimization of sea buckthorn products.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effect of simple support bracket combined with one stitch suture in terminal ileostomy of two stomas during anus-preserving radical resection in low rectal cancer patients. Methods Retrospectively analysis was performed for rectal cancer patients with high risk factors for postoperative anastomotic leakage, who admitted to the Department of General Surgery our hospital from December 2019 to May 2021. The patients underwent laparoscopic-assisted low rectal cancer radical resection and terminal ileostomy. There were two groups including 35 patients in the group of simple bracket combined with one stitch suture, and 35 patients in the group of conventional suture. Preoperative and postoperative clinical data were analyzed. Results General data of two groups were similar. No difference statistical significantly in the rate of postoperative stoma‐related complications between the two groups ((P>0.05). All patients were without any severe complications. All stomas were successfully closed. The time of first-stage ileostomy (13.77±2.02) min vs. (22.66±3.64) min (P