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Importance: An ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 has exhibited significant threats around the world. We found a significant decrease of T lymphocyte subsets and an increase of inflammatory cytokines of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in clinical practice.Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center observational study of in-hospital adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Hubei Provincial Hospital of traditional Chinese and Western medicine (Wuhan, China) by Mar 1, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory information, especially T lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines were reported. For patients who died or discharge from hospital, the associations of T lymphocyte subsets on admission were evaluated by univariate logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), warning values to predict in-hospital death were assessed by Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: A total of 187 patients were enrolled in our study from Dec 26, 2019 to Mar 1, 2020, of whom 145 were survivors (discharge = 117) or non-survivors (in-hospital death ==28). All patients exhibited a significant drop of T lymphocyte subsets counts with remarkably increasing concentrations of SAA, CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 compared to normal values. The median concentrations of SAA and CRP in critically-ill patients were nearly 4- and 10-fold than those of mild-ill patients, respectively. As the severity of COVID-19 getting worse, the counts of T lymphocyte drop lower.28 patients died in hospital, the median lymphocyte, CD3+ T-cell, CD4+ T-cell, CD8+ T-cell and B-cell were significantly lower than other patients. Lower counts (/uL) of T lymphocyte subsets lymphocyte (<500), CD3+T-cell (<200), CD4+ T-cell (<100), CD8+ T-cell (<100) and B-cell (<50) were associated with higher risks of in-hospital death of CIVID-19. The warning values to predict in-hospital death of lymphocyte, CD3+ T-cell, CD4+ T-cell, CD8+ T-cell, and B-cell were 559, 235, 104, 85 and 82, respectively.Conclusion: We find a significant decrease of T lymphocyte subset is positively correlated with in-hospital death and severity of illness. The decreased levels of T lymphocyte subsets reported in our study were similar with SARS but not common among other virus infection, which may be possible biomarkers for early diagnosis of COVID-19. Our findings may shed light on early warning of high risks of mortality and help early intervention and treatment of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The brief introduction of artificial photosynthesis and oxygen evolution complex (OEC) in PSII. • Synthetic Mn-based cubanes that mimic OEC have remarkable progress. • OEC-like cubanes and multi-nuclear clusters have extensively used for catalytic water oxidation. Water oxidation (2 H 2 O → 4H+ + 4 e- + O 2) is a key step in utilization of solar energy for producing hydrogen of artificial photosynthetic system. Inspired by the oxygen evolution complex (OEC) in PSII, molecular catalysts are extensively studied and the progress both in biomimetic studies and the mechanistic understanding is truly remarkable. While research efforts in the earlier years focused on the Ru-, Mn- and Ir-based complexes, the focus has gradually changed to non-precious catalysts based on earth-abundant metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). These studies have deepened our understanding on the mechanism of water oxidation, including both proton-coupled electron transfer and O-O bond formation. Herein, we briefly review the research progress surrounding the construction of the OEC-like catalytic systems as well as bioinspired multi-nuclear catalysts for water oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports a method for the catalytic synthesis of C(3) SCF 3 -substituted pyrrolidinindoline using a small-ring organophosphorus-based catalyst and a hydrosilane reductant, with trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride as the electrophilic SCF 3 reagent. This method can drive the conversion of tryptamine to the C(3) SCF 3 -substituted pyrrolidine indoline. The readily available, inexpensive trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride could be activated as an electrophilic SCF 3 source by P III /P V redox catalysis and could efficiently participate in the reaction of tryptamines, thus providing various substituted C(3) SCF 3 -substituted pyrrolidinoindoline in moderate to excellent yields. This presented strategy features a broad substrate scope, and the structure has value for in-depth research.

An organophosphorus catalytic method for the synthesis of substituted 2-amidopyridines is reported. The method employs a small-ring organophosphorus-based catalyst and a hydrosilane reductant to drive the conversion of ketoximes and pyridine- N -oxides into 2-amidopyridines through sequential Beckmann rearrangement followed by [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. The readily available ketoximes could be activated to nitrilium ions in P III /P V redox catalysis and could efficiently participate in the domino reaction of pyridine- N -oxides, thus providing various substituted 2-amidopyridines in moderate to excellent yields. This presented strategy features excellent functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope.