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ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the effect of diets with Ganoderma lucidum mushroom powder and zinc-bacitracin on growth performance, carcass traits, lymphoid organ weights, and intestinal characteristics in broilers, a total of 600 one-day-old unsexed broilers from Cobb 500 MV × Cobb 500 FF genotype was analyzed for 28 days, following a completely randomized design with three dietary treatments, five replicates and 40 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (BD) without additives (T0) and the dietary inclusion of 2.5 g/kg of Ganoderma lucidum (T1) and 350 mg/kg of zinc bacitracin antibiotic (T2). The experimental groups did not change (p>0.05) the performance of the broilers. However, G. lucidum powder increased (p≤0.05) the carcass and breast yields (p≤0.05) and decreased the abdominal fat and liver yields (p≤0.05), although with no notable differences with the antibiotic group for the latter organ (liver) (p>0.05). Both additives (G. lucidum and antibiotic) increased breast meat moisture, protein, and redness; however, these treatments reduced L* (lightness), and the zinc-bacitracin reduced breast yellowness (p≤0.05). Likewise, this medicinal mushroom (G. lucidum) increased the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and the morphometry of the small intestine (p≤0.05), although with no changes for other immune and digestive organs or for the content of cecal lactic acid bacteria (p>0.05). The dietary inclusion with 2.5 g/kg of Ganoderma lucidum powder is recommended to improve breast yield, protein, and colorimetry without affecting performance and cecal traits of fast-growing broilers.

ABSTRACT This study was designed to determine the effect of a combination of propionic-acetic acid on body weight, the relative weight of some organs, lactic acid bacteria, and intestinal pH of neonatal broilers. A total of 60 1-day-old Ross 308® broiler chickens were randomly placed in metabolic cages to two treatments, three replicates, and ten birds per replicates. The treatments consisted of a control diet (CD) and CD + 0.03% of propionic acid and acetic acid in the drinking water at a rate of 4 ml/L of water. The combination of organic acids depressed the body weight in neonatal broilers (p0.05) between treatments. The combined use in the diet and drinking water of the propionic and acetic organic acids, respectively, reduced the bodyweight of neonatal broilers (10 days) and the cecal pH, as well as modified the relative weights of some digestive organs and the growth of some morphological groups of lactic acid bacteria.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with red algae powder (Chondrus crispus) on the growth performance, carcass traits, lymphoid organ weights and intestinal pH y in broiler chickens. A total of 300 1-day-old B34 line male broiler chickens were randomly allotted to three treatments, four replicates per treatment and 25 birds per replicate. The experimental treatments consisted of a basal diet (T0) and dietary supplementation of 0.30 (T2) and 0.40% (T2) red algae powder. Body weight at 1, 21 and 32 days did not show significant differences (p>0.05) among treatments. At 21 days, T1decreased (p0.05) with the red algae supplementation. The dietary supplementation of 0.30% red algae improved the growth performance (at 21-day-old) and some edible parts; also, the dietary supplementation of 0.40% increased the relative weight of the lymphoid organs, without changing the intestinal pH of broilers.

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the growth performance, organ weights, and selected blood parameters of replacement laying pullets (development phase) fed increasing levels of wheat bran (WB). A total of 240 70-d-old White Leghorn pullets (Hybrid L33) were evaluated for seven weeks. Birds were assigned to three dietary treatments according to a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of diets containing 100 (T1), 150 (T2), or 200 g/kg (T3) of WB in partial replacement of corn, with 10 replicates per treatment of eight birds per replicate. Birds fed T2 presented higher body weight (p0.05). Serum concentration of triacylglycerols, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, hematocrit, or hemoglobin levels were not significantly different (p>0.05) among treatments. These findings indicate a beneficial effect of use of 150 g/kg of wheat bran on the growth performance of pullets during the development phase; however, the inclusion of this cereal up to 200 g/kg had no effect on organ weights and blood parameters.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y tipo de lesiones del manguito de los rotadores en practicantes de jiu-jitsu brasileño. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal y observacional, evaluando los pacientes mediante un muestreo no probabilístico, de conveniencia realizando una ecografía de hombro bilateral. Resultados: En el presente estudio, se evaluaron a 40 pacientes practicantes de jiu-jitsu brasileño. El 75% (n = 30) pertenecían al sexo masculino y el 25% (n = 10) al femenino, en un intervalo de edad de 19 a 53 años, con edad promedio de 31 años, un peso de 80.5 kg (IMC de 27), el 82.5% (n = 33) reportó dolor o molestia en alguno de los arcos de movimiento de los hombros, siendo a la abducción más frecuente, con una prevalencia general del 70% (n = 28), seguido de la flexión (35%, n = 14), extensión (22.5%, n = 9), rotación interna (17.5%, n = 7), rotación externa (7.5%, n = 3) y aducción (7.5%, n = 3). Conclusiones: El 80% presentó hallazgos ecográficos compatibles con lesión de manguito de los rotadores; el tendón del músculo supraespinoso fue el elemento más afectado (72.5%). El hallazgo más frecuente fue la tendinopatía, en un 70% de los practicantes.

Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos en tomografía de tórax de los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de neumonía por COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) en un hospital de alta especialidad del noreste de México. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo en el Servicio de Imagenología, Diagnóstica y Terapéutica del Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria Bicentenario 2010. Se realizó muestreo no probabilístico y se aplicó estadística descriptiva para los datos sociodemográficos de la población y los hallazgos tomográficos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 215 expedientes de pacientes, el 66% pertenecían al sexo masculino y el 34% al femenino, con edad promedio de 58 años, el grupo etario más frecuente fue el de mayores de 60 años (53%). Conclusiones: La tomografía de tórax juega un papel importante en el diagnóstico, seguimiento de la enfermedad, detección de complicaciones y el pronóstico.

Abstract The primary cilium is a signaling organelle with a unique membrane composition maintained by a diffusional barrier residing at the transition zone. Many transition zone proteins, such as the tectonic complex, are linked to preserving ciliary composition but the mechanism remains unknown. To understand tectonic’s role, we generate a photoreceptor-specific Tctn1 knockout mouse. Loss of Tctn1 results in the absence of the entire tectonic complex and associated MKS proteins yet has minimal effects on the transition zone structure of rod photoreceptors. We find that the protein composition of the photoreceptor cilium is disrupted as non-resident membrane proteins accumulate in the cilium over time, ultimately resulting in photoreceptor degeneration. We further show that fluorescent rhodopsin moves faster through the transition zone in photoreceptors lacking tectonic, which suggests that the tectonic complex acts as a physical barrier to slow down membrane protein diffusion in the photoreceptor transition zone to ensure proper removal of non-resident membrane proteins.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary inclusion with linseed and pumpkin seed meals on growth performance, carcass traits and breast meat fatty acids profile of helmeted guinea fowls. A total of 120 meat-type helmeted guinea fowl females of 12 weeks of age were fed with 0 (T0), 100 (T1) and 200 (T2) g/kg of linseed (LM) and pumpkin seed meals (PSM) for 56 days, in a completely randomized design with 10 replicates per treatment and four birds per replicate. The inclusion up to 200 g/kg of LM and PSM did not affect the livability, initial live weight and feed intake (p>0.05). However, final live weight and feed:gain ratio improved significantly (p0.05). The oleaginous seeds (LM and PSM) decreased (p0.05) and the eicosatrienoic and arachidonic acids in breast meat (p

Different strategies have been assessed for the revalorization of guishe to obtain biomolecules. The juice obtained after the mechanical extraction of guishe is rich in phytochemicals and sugars which can be converted to other products. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the production of hydrogen and butanol at different guishe juice concentrations (and therefore, different sugar concentrations) via fermentation in batch mode using Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Fermentation assays were performed in triplicate under anaerobic conditions at 35 °C for 142 h. Guishe juice was supplemented with all components of synthetic medium (salts, vitamins and reducing agents), except glucose, and diluted at different concentrations: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. For comparison purposes, a control was carried out in a synthetic medium using glucose as carbon source. Results showed a maximum butanol concentration of 5.39 g/L using 80% guishe juice, corresponding to a productivity and yield of 0.04 g/L h−1 and 0.24 g/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest productivity (1.16 L H2/L d−1; 1.99 mmol H2/L h−1) and yield (18.4 L/kg) of hydrogen were obtained with 40% guishe juice. This study demonstrates the potential of guishe juice to be used as a low-cost substrate for hydrogen and butanol production.

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the phytobiotic effect of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) leaves powder (CLP) on growth performance, carcass traits, lymphoid organ weights and cecal lactic-acid bacteria in broilers, a total of 720 unsexed broilers of the Ross 308® genetic line were distributed according to a completely randomized design with three experimental treatments, five repetitions and 48 chickens per repetitions. The experimental treatments consisted of a basal diet (DB; T0) and DB + supplementation with 0.50 (T1) and 0.75% (T2) of CLP. At 32 days, the body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not modified (p>0.05) by the experimental groups; however, T1 increased (p0.05) for the other edible portions. Moreover, this natural product (A. occidentale) increased (p0.05). Similarly, T1 favored (p0.05) in the relative weight of the immune organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen). Dietary supplementation with cashew leaves powder enhanced the viability of the batch (0.5%), some edible portions (0.75%), the breast pigmentation, and the cecal beneficial bacteria count in broilers.

The strategies for controlling the insect pest Spodoptera frugiperda have been developing over the past four decades; however, the insecticide resistance and the remarkable adaptability of this insect have hindered its success. This review first analyzes the different chemical compounds currently available and the most promising options to control S. frugiperda. Then, we analyze the metabolites obtained from plant extracts with antifeedant, repellent, insecticide, or ovicide effects that could be environmentally friendly options for developing botanical S. frugiperda insecticides. Subsequently, we analyze the biological control based on the use of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasitoids against this pest. Finally, the use of sex pheromones to monitor this pest is analyzed. The advances reviewed could provide a wide panorama to guide the search for new pesticidal strategies but focused on environmental sustainability against S. frugiperda.

Hay consenso de que las acciones antropogénicas están degradando los ecosistemas a un ritmo alarmante. La modelación y las nuevas tecnologías, como las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación ( TIC), se utilizan en modo creciente para tomar decisiones sobre el manejo y la conservación de los recursos naturales. En este trabajo se analizaron la evolución temporal y la distribución espacial de la producción científica en modelación forestal en México. De 1980 a 2015, 454 autores participaron en la publicación de 259 artículos en 37 revistas (84 % mexicanas), de las cuales 28 están indizadas en el Journal Citation Reports (JCR). Los trabajos sobre manejo forestal han sido los más relevantes, aunque tienen una importancia relativa a la baja, mientras que los de servicios ambientales y distribución potencial van ganando importancia. Los autores pertenecen a 89 instituciones, de las cuales 65 % son mexicanas. Durante el periodo analizado, el número de autores (y las colaboraciones) y publicaciones incrementaron 12 y nueve veces, respectivamente. Estos incrementos coinciden con la evolución de las políticas normativas y el establecimiento y apoyo del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores. Las colaboraciones en la red actual de modelación forestal aún tienen gran potencial de crecimiento.

Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) has been successfully used to disinfest fresh commodities and facilitate international agricultural trade. Critical aspects that may reduce PI efficacy must be considered to ensure the consistency and effectiveness of approved treatment schedules. One factor that can potentially reduce PI efficacy is irradiation under low oxygen conditions. This factor is particularly important because storage and packaging of horticultural commodities under low oxygen levels constitute practices widely used to preserve their quality and extend their shelf life. Hence, international organizations and regulatory agencies have considered the uncertainties regarding the efficacy of PI doses for insects infesting fresh commodities stored under low oxygen levels as a rationale for restricting PI application under modified atmosphere. Our research examines the extent to which low oxygen treatments can reduce the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation for tephritids naturally infesting fruits. The effects of normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (~5% O2), and severe hypoxia (< 0.5% O2) on radiation sensitivity of third instars of Anastrepha fraterculus (sensu lato), A. ludens (Loew), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were evaluated and compared at several gamma radiation doses. Our findings suggest that, compared to normoxia, hypoxic and severe-hypoxic conditioning before and during irradiation can increase adult emergence and contribute to advancement of larval development of tephritid fruit flies only at low radiation doses that are not used as phytosanitary treatments. With phytosanitary irradiation doses approved internationally for several tephritids, low oxygen treatments applied before and during irradiation did not increase the emergence rates of any fruit fly species evaluated, and all treated insects died as coarctate larvae. Thus, the findings of our research support a re-evaluation of restrictions related to phytosanitary irradiation application under modified atmospheres targeting tephritid fruit flies.

La presente investigación cuantificó la cantidad de acidez actual total (AAT) y la acidez potencial total (APT) ocasionada en los suelos sulfatados ácidos del bajo Sinú. Aunque se conoce de la manifestación de estos suelos, no se tiene información cuantitativa que permita establecer el impacto de la acidificación por sulfuros sobre los humedales aledaños. Se evaluó un transecto entre los municipios de San Carlos y Cotorra, se seleccionaron muestras de suelo de los horizontes encontrados para ocho sitios diferentes. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron las expuestas por ASSMAC, según la metodología POSA y TSA. Las variables evaluadas fueron AAT y APT en cada uno de los horizontes de los perfiles. Los resultados indican que el azufre se encuentra en concentraciones de 202 a 4800 mg kg-1. AAT en el sitio El Deseo (Municipio de Ciénaga de Oro) presentó valores entre 112 y 604 kg ha -1 de H+ y fue nula en los sitios Sabanal y Besito Volao (Municipio de Cotorra). APT sobre suelos sulfatados ácidos potenciales del sector, puede generar aproximadamente 99.745,7 kg ha-1 de H2 SO4 y 45.689 kg ha-1 de H2 SO4 en suelos sulfatados ácidos actuales; valores bajos se presentaron en la Caimanera (Corregimiento de Carrillo) con 11.890 y 3.528 kg ha -1 de H2 SO4. Los resultados sugieren que la generación de ácido por la oxidación de sulfuros es un hecho y en algunos sectores existen ingentes cantidades por desarrollarse, ocasionando como consecuencia, grandes impactos negativos en los ecosistemas cenagosos del bajo Sinú.

Human events respond to various motivations, which are not always taken into account when analyzing history. In a sacralized society such as that of the Modern Age, beliefs -sometimes unorthodox-are present in all areas of life. We present a brief selection of moments in Cieza's history, perhaps located in a secondary order, but full in terms of meaning, in which we can see how he looked at an ever-present past, while trying to ensure a future, especially that of the state of beatitude that was aspired to reach in the afterlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders. Diffuse large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common NHL in adults, it accounts around 30-40% of all NHL. DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA: REAL-WORLD CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH RITUXIMAB PLUS CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, DOXORUBICIN, VINCRISTINE AND PREDNISOLONE IN CUBA. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rare neuromuscular diseases (NDs) are a group of inherited or acquired neurological pathologies affecting the muscles and the nervous system. Their low prevalence and high geographical dispersion can cause isolation and difficulties in social interaction between affected equals. New technologies, such as videoconferencing, offer a complementary option for improving the health of this population. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a teleassistance program at improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) through social interaction in adults with NDs. The sample consisted of 45 participants affected by rare NDs. Twenty-four participants were assigned to the experimental group (EG), which participated in the videoconferencing sessions, and 21 to the control group. Three questionnaires were administered: WHO-DAS II, Sickness Impact Profile, and SF-36 Health Survey. Effectiveness was assessed by a pre-post design. An online psychosocial program was applied over three-month period. Data revealed an improvement of the EG in psychosocial variables, e.g. "Getting along with people" (z = -2.289, r = -.47, p ≤ .05) or "Psychosocial Domain" (z = -2.404, r = -.49, p ≤ .05), and in physical variables, e.g. "Life activities" (z = -2.844, r = -.58, p ≤ .05). Social interaction appeared as a relevant factor at improving HRQoL levels. High levels of satisfaction about the teleassistance program were reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Versatile event-based approaches for the definition of novel information theory-based indices (IFIs) are presented. An event in this context is the criterion followed in the “discovery” of molecular substructures, which in turn serve as basis for the construction of the generalized incidence and relations frequency matrices, Q and F, respectively. From the resultant F, Shannon's, mutual, conditional and joint entropy-based IFIs are computed. In previous reports, an event named connected subgraphs was presented. The present study is an extension of this notion, in which we introduce other events, namely: terminal paths, vertex path incidence, quantum subgraphs, walks of length k, Sach's subgraphs, MACCs, E-state and substructure fingerprints and, finally, Ghose and Crippen atom-types for hydrophobicity and refractivity. Moreover, we define magnitude-based IFIs, introducing the use of the magnitude criterion in the definition of mutual, conditional and joint entropy-based IFIs. We also discuss the use of information-theoretic parameters as a measure of the dissimilarity of codified structural information of molecules. Finally, a comparison of the statistics for QSPR models obtained with the proposed IFIs and DRAGON's molecular descriptors for two physicochemical properties log P and log K of 34 derivatives of 2-furylethylenes demonstrates similar to better predictive ability than the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Size confined CdS nanoparticles with controlled size and narrow particle size distribution were synthesized in transparent adhesive polyelectrolyte films, which are composed of chitosan (CHI), poly(monomethyl itaconate) (PMMI) and silica (SiO2) in variable amounts. This room temperature synthesis in an aqueous environment avoids the toxic and high temperature conditions usually associated with the synthesis of high quality semiconductors. The semiconductor particle size could be controlled via the Cd2+ concentration and the amine groups of chitosan were identified to be of importance for the coordination of the semiconductor. The films were characterized by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectra and the adsorption behavior of Cd2+ to the films was characterized by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There has been no systemic investigation of the effects of training on endurance at different high-intensity work rates in patients with COPD to date. Objectives: We wanted to determine the effects of intense endurance training on tolerance to several high-intensity work rates and to establish the relationship between power (WR) and its tolerable duration (t) (t = W’/(WR – CP), being W’, the curvature constant, thought to be reflective of anaerobic energy availability and/or tolerance to the uncomfortable sensations associated with the high-intensity exercise, and CP the critical power. Methods: We studied 27 patients: age 62 ± 5 years; FEV1 1.2 ± 0.2 liters. Before and after the intervention, the subjects randomly underwent 4 high-intensity constant WR exercise tests. The endurance times of the highest 3 tests were used. Results: Ventilation reached approximately the same level in each of the tests. In response to the training, the average peak increased by 9 ± 5% (p < 0.0001), CP by 14 ± 12% (p < 0.0001) and W’ 18 ± 22% (p = 0.002). In 67% of the patients, CP increased, accompanied by changes in other related physiological variables of aerobic capacity. In the remaining 33%, W’ increased but not CP. Smaller or no changes in the other variables of aerobic capacity were found in those subjects. This latter group was significantly older and had more hyperinflation (i.e. higher RV/TLC%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that neither an incremental nor a single endurance test at constant WR provides an adequate characterisation of exercise tolerance at other WRs. CP and W’ appear to be important parameters characterizing exercise tolerance over a range high-intensity work rates and identifying two distinct types of response to training.Copyright © 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

María de la Luz Grovas (1898-1979) fue una figura pionera en la educación superior en México y una destacada líder feminista. Inició su carrera docente en la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria en la década de 1920, en un contexto dominado por hombres. A lo largo de su vida, Grovas desempeñó un papel crucial en la formación de generaciones de estudiantes y en la consolidación de la Universidad Nacional de México (hoy UNAM). Se graduó en Artes en 1915 por la Escuela Nacional de Altos Estudios, y se convirtió en una incansable promotora de la educación, especialmente para mujeres. Además de su labor docente, Grovas fue una activa participante en diversas organizaciones académicas, incluyendo la Asociación de Universitarias Mexicanas, donde jugó un papel fundamental. Representó a esta organización en la Federación Internacional de Mujeres Universitarias, lo que le permitió establecer redes con colegas nacionales e internacionales. A pesar de enfrentar la marginación de género, Grovas ocupó varios puestos importantes, incluyendo la jefatura del Departamento de Letras Inglesas en la Escuela Normal Superior y en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UNAM. Su legado académico también incluye publicaciones sobre literatura inglesa y educación en México. La vida y obra de Grovas contribuyen significativamente al reconocimiento histórico de las mujeres en la educación y su impacto en el desarrollo cultural y educativo de México.

Natural diversity and composition patterns of ferns depend highly on environmental conditions such as moisture, temperature, and light imposed by altitudinal gradients. Currently, the main factor that causes changes in the diversity patterns of plants at different altitudes is the increased intensity of human activities. This research analyzed the response in the composition and diversity of terrestrial fern species in an Abies religiosa forest to the altitude and magnitude of anthropogenic disturbance. The effect of human disturbance and altitude on the composition and abundance of ferns was evaluated through Generalized Linear Models, a Structural Equations Model (SEM), and a Canonical Correspondence Analysis. The community of terrestrial ferns was found to be composed of ten species belonging to five families. The SEM showed that anthropogenic factors affect the richness and abundance patterns of ferns in the studied area. We suggest that Dryopteris wallichiana could be an indicator of open and most anthropogenically disturbed sites in temperate forest.

Los currículos que abordan la formación de ciudadanos centrada en principios rectores, tienden a lograr una educación basada en valores que los estudiantes continuarán en las universidades, hasta lograr su formación técnica o profesional. El presente estudio busca identificar los valores que resaltan en el quehacer de los estudiantes universitarios dentro del modelo educativo colombiano. Se apoya en la teoría de valores asumida por Touriñán (2008); Spluga (2011); Merma et al. (2013); y Savater (2017). La investigación es de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptiva, transeccional y no experimental. La población está conformada por ciento sesenta y cuatro (164) alumnos matriculados en el Programa Gastronomía de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Medellín – Colombia, para el II periodo de 2019, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra probabilística de treinta y nueve (39) estudiantes. Los resultados revelan que los educandos otorgan más importancia a valores como: Responsabilidad, honradez, respeto y felicidad, que a otros como: Trabajo, solidaridad, capacidad de reflexión e independencia. Se concluye, que aun cuando los valores de los estudiantes se consolidan a lo largo de un proceso continuo que comienza en la familia, en la universidad hay que profundizar sus conductas para lograr profesionales integrales y competentes.

Saffron is one of the most appreciated, traditional, and expensive spices in the world. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of cooling the nutrient solution on the production, and organoleptic and commercial qualities of saffron grown in soilless culture. The nutrient solution was cooled to 4 to 5 °C whereas the control treatment was the fertigation supplied at ambient temperature. Corms were placed in a controlled cultivation chamber. The number of flowers per corms, and the weight and length of stigmas were measured. The amounts of safranal, crocin, and picrocrocin were analyzed spectrophotometrically according to the International Organization for Standardization [ISO/TS 3632-2 (2011) Normative]. Our results show that cooling of the nutritive solution increased flower production, the commercial phytochemical content, and organoleptic properties.

En el presente trabajo consiste en describir la jerarquía de los valores en los estudiantes del Programa Negocios Internacionales de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas, Económicas y Contables de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó – Medellín - Colombia. El estudio se apoya en la teoría de valores asumida por Savater (2016); Spluga (2011); Merma et al, (2013); Trouriñán (2008) entre otros. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la alta importancia que los estudiantes establecieron a los valores respeto, honradez, responsabilidad y felicidad mientras que los alumnos dan poca importancia a los valores independencia, capacidad de reflexión, trabajo y tolerancia. Se puede concluir que el ser humano va conformando sus valores desde la infancia, siendo el núcleo familiar en el principal medio influenciador; seguido por el contexto social y cultural con el que interactúa que le va definiendo sus conductas; por lo tanto, el individuo se encuentra en constante procesos de transformación en el contacto con el otro.

Objetivo: Evaluar la exactitud diagnóstica del Índice de Riesgo de Malignidad II (IRM II) en 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de masa anexial. Método: En una muestra de 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de masa anexial se cuantificaron variables demográficas y se aplicó el IRM II. Mediante una tabla 2 × 2 se obtuvieron la sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo, el valor predictivo negativo y la exactitud diagnóstica, y se compararon con el resultado histopatológico. Resultados: El IRM II con resultado positivo se presentó en el 73.1% (52 pacientes) de los casos con resultado histopatológico maligno y en el 26.9% de aquellos con resultado histopatológico benigno. Presenta una sensibilidad en la prueba del 73.1%, una especificidad del 70.8%, un valor predictivo positivo del 73.2% y un valor predictivo negativo del 70.8%. La exactitud diagnóstica es del 72%. Conclusiones: El IRM II es una herramienta de cribaje con aceptable desempeño diagnóstico para normar la conducta, como referir a un centro especializado o solicitar estudios más específicos en pacientes con diagnóstico de masa anexial por sospecha de malignidad.

Summary: At present, the poultry industry places great importance on natural pigment products to achieve an acceptable yolk color for the market. To determine the effect of achiote seed powder on the external and internal egg quality, a total of 400 Dekalb White egg-laying hens at 38 wk of age were placed for 56 d in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 20 replicate cages. Treatments consist of a control diet (CD) and CD + dietary supplementation with 0.50, 1.0, and 1.50% achiote seed powder. During the study, 40 eggs per treatment were collected on a weekly basis to determine the external (egg weight, eggshell breaking strength, shell thickness) and internal (albumen height, Haugh unit, and yolk color) quality, using a TSS EggQuality automatic analyzer. The use of achiote seed powder indicated statistical differences (P ≤ 0.05) for the following parameters: egg weight, Haugh unit, shell thickness, albumen height, and yolk color. Most of these statistical differences came from the treatment with 1.50% achiote seed powder compared with the control diet. However, no significant changes (P > 0.05) were indicated for egg weight (except week 4 and 5) and eggshell breaking strength (except week 5 and 6). All indicators of egg quality were affected by a significant interaction between the treatments and the experimental week (P ≤ 0.05). The dietary supplementation with achiote seed powder improves the external and internal egg quality in Dekalb White hens, with a greater emphasis on the yolk color.

Summary: The use of nutritional requirements adjusted to the new broiler genotypes defines their optimal genetic expression. Thus, broiler breeders, universities, and scientific institutions have carried out research with different nutritional requirements to improve the productive efficiency of broilers and decrease production costs. This test aimed to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of 1,200 unsexed Ross 308 broiler fed diets formulated by the requirements of Ross 308, NRC, FEDNA, and Rostagno for a period of 35 d. Throughout the experimental period, the Ross 308 group improved (P 0.05). Moreover, diets under FEDNA reported the highest relative weights for the liver, heart, and gizzard. Likewise, this group (FEDNA) reduced breast protein and ashes, as well as the NRC group increased crude fat and decreased the a∗. The diets formulated based on digestible amino acids and with a good balance of protein and energy, such as those of the Ross 308 group, showed the higher results.

Resumen: El carcinoma hepatocelular fibrolamelar es raro, con patogénesis (genómica, histológica, clínica y epidemiológica) únicas. El tratamiento curativo es la resección quirúrgica. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino de 27 años con dolor abdominal en hipocondrio derecho inespecífico. Reporte tomográfico: tumor de lóbulo hepático izquierdo; marcadores tumorales negativos. Se realiza resección de tumor con segmentos hepáticos II, III y IVB; se reporta hepatocarcinoma fibrolamelar. Se envía a adyuvancia a base de sorafenib. Conclusión: Este tipo de hepatocarcinoma no cuenta con quimioterapia establecida, pese a que existe alta posibilidad de recaída incluso con una resección quirúrgica óptima, por lo que se requiere un diagnóstico temprano.

Purpose: Roses are one of the ornamental species of major importance and economic value. Fertilisation programmes which maximise plant growth and quality, while minimising environmental impact are important. Here, we followed the N and K dynamics during rose development with the aim to define the nutrient demands as a basis for implementing fertigation programmes. Materials and methods: Roses with one basal break were grown in a closed hydroponic system. Destructive samples were taken to determine dry weight, N and K content. In each sample, plants were sectioned into roots, rootstock, basal break, stems and leaves from the zone of active leaves and the zone of cutting flowers, as well as the flower bud in the latter. Results: The shoots of the active leaves and cutting flowers zones exhibited a biphasic growth; dry weight, N and K increased after pruning of the zone of active leaves and the cutting flowers zone, however, in the second phase, total dry weight did not show a significant difference between the phenological phases, while the accumulation of N and K decreased throughout the entire plant. Conclusions: Our results suggest that greenhouse roses develop a dynamic and complex balance between the aerial parts of the plants and the roots for storage and/or transport of photoassimilates, N and K. The total demand for N was 411 and 799 mg per plant for the initial shoot development of the active leaf zone and cutting flowers zone, respectively. The demand for K was 149 and 106 mg per plant for both shoots, respectively. The loss of N (555 mg per plant) and K (167 mg per plant) from roses plants to the root environment implies that lower fertiliser inputs can be used as these nutrients may be re-uptaken by new emerging roots.

Background: Battered child syndrome is any act of physical, sexual or psychological aggression, negligence or intentional neglect against a minor. Objective: To estimate the frequency and characteristics of battered child syndrome in patients on the Paediatric Burns Unit of the Health Services of the State of Puebla. Materials and methods: In a 1 year and 10 month period, 313 patients under 18 years of age admitted to the Paediatric Burns Unit of the Health Services of the State of Puebla with a diagnosis of burns secondary to battered child syndrome were evaluated and a questionnaire to determine the possibility of child abuse was administered. Results: 13 patients met criteria for suspected abuse; 9 were female and 4 were male. One was an infant, 4 were preschool-age children, 4 were school-age children and 4 were adolescents. The form of abuse was negligence and/or neglect in 62% of cases, physical abuse in 15% of cases, sexual abuse in 15% of cases and psychological abuse in 8% of cases. Conclusions: Having knowledge of and being able to identify battered child syndrome may prevent fatal injuries. It is important to equip healthcare staff on first-contact care units with the knowledge to establish a presumptive diagnosis of child/adolescent abuse. Only through proper investigation of social events may just solutions be sought and implemented.

ABSTRACT: Weed control is a crucial aspect in many conservation agriculture systems given that costs and time savings from avoiding tillage are closely linked to the use of effective and environmental friendly herbicides. This has led to the widespread use of glyphosate in farms, as it is a broad-spectrum, easily degradable, low- cost herbicide. The recent debate on the safety of glyphosate and on the excessive use of chemical herbicides in food production has caused concern on farmers about the possible economic effects of a virtual ban on glyphosate. The aim of this paper is to estimate the costs associated with an eventual prohibition of glyphosate in Spanish conservation agriculture areas. The costs of different alternative weed control strategies for herbaceous and tree crops were calculated: i) substitution of glyphosate in chemical control; ii) minimum tillage; iii) conventional tillage; and iv) natural or planted vegetal groundcovers. The results show that banning glyphosate would increase the costs of chemical control by 40% for herbaceous and by 57% for tree crops. However, conventional tillage would be a cheaper option for herbaceous because costs increase by 10% compared to current techniques. Our estimations suggest that the ban on glyphosate would have a negative impact on the economic profitability of farms and also on other non-economic advantages derived from conservation farming techniques.

It is challenging to explore properties of heavy elements as they can only be produced artificially. Here, the authors demonstrate a high resolution spectroscopy method, studying the properties of actinium, which can be extended to the study of other elements located at the end of the periodic table.

Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a disease of skin and/or mucosal tissues caused by Leishmania parasites. TL patients may concurrently carry other pathogens, which may influence the clinical outcome of TL.This review focuses on the frequency of TL coinfections in human populations, interactions between Leishmania and other pathogens in animal models and human subjects, and implications of TL coinfections for clinical practice. For the purpose of this review, TL is defined as all forms of cutaneous (localised, disseminated, or diffuse) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection, superinfection with skin bacteria, and skin manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis are not included. We searched MEDLINE and other databases and included 73 records: 21 experimental studies in animals and 52 studies about human subjects (mainly cross-sectional and case studies). Several reports describe the frequency of Trypanosoma cruzi coinfection in TL patients in Argentina (about 41%) and the frequency of helminthiasis in TL patients in Brazil (15% to 88%). Different hypotheses have been explored about mechanisms of interaction between different microorganisms, but no clear answers emerge. Such interactions may involve innate immunity coupled with regulatory networks that affect quality and quantity of acquired immune responses. Diagnostic problems may occur when concurrent infections cause similar lesions (e.g., TL and leprosy), when different pathogens are present in the same lesions (e.g., Leishmania and Sporothrix schenckii), or when similarities between phylogenetically close pathogens affect accuracy of diagnostic tests (e.g., serology for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease). Some coinfections (e.g., helminthiasis) appear to reduce the effectiveness of antileishmanial treatment, and drug combinations may cause cumulative adverse effects.In patients with TL, coinfection is frequent, it can lead to diagnostic errors and delays, and it can influence the effectiveness and safety of treatment. More research is needed to unravel how coinfections interfere with the pathogenesis of TL.

The arrestin-related family of proteins (ARTs) are potent regulators of membrane traffic at multiple cellular locations in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several ARTs act at multiple locations, suggesting that ARTs with well-established functions at one location may have additional, as of yet, uncharacterized roles at other locations in the cell. To more fully understand the spectrum of cellular functions regulated by ART proteins, we explored the localization and function of Ldb19/Art1, which has previously been shown to function at the plasma membrane, yet is reported to localize to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). We report that the C-terminal fusion of Ldb19 with GFP is functional and, as previously reported, localizes to the TGN. We further establish that Ldb19 associates with late stages of TGN maturation that are enriched in the clathrin adaptor protein complex-1 (AP-1). Additionally, we present genetic interaction assays that suggest Ldb19 acts at the late TGN in a mechanism related to that of AP-1. However, Ldb19 and AP-1 have dissimilar phenotypes in a subset of assays of membrane traffic, suggesting Ldb19 functions at the TGN are distinct from those of AP-1. Together these results indicate Ldb19 functions at the TGN, in addition to its well-established role in endocytosis.

The presence and distribution of the TSWV, weeds and thrip vectors in major tomato producing areas in the Andean department of Cundinamarca (Oriente, Sumapaz and Ubate provinces) were assessed with the DAS ELISA technique, evaluating the presence of the TSWV in tomato tissue, associated thrips and weeds. High incidences were observed in different provinces of the Andean department of Cundinamarca. The average viral incidence reached 23.3% in Sumapaz, 19.4% in Oriente and 4% in Ubate. The symptoms observed were: brown spots and concentric rings in the leaf area, stems and fruits; browning and spotting in the flower; and wilting in the leaves, stems and flowers. The thrip species with the highest presence were Frankliniella occidentalis, followed by Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci. We determined the important role of weeds as inoculum sources and vector reservoirs for the species Emilia sonchifolia and Amaranthus dubius

This study was undertaken to determine the presence and distribution of species of whiteflies in Cundinamarca, in the tomato, located in nine municipalities; for this purpose, insect samples were collected from the lower third of leaflets to identify nymphs of the fourth instar and from the upper third to identify adults with molecular markers RAPD-PCR (primer OPA 04); we also analyzed the presence of Begomoviruses (Family Geminiviridae) in tomato plants with nucleic acid hybridization in the nylon membrane. The results indicated the presence of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) as the predominant species at 40.9%, Bemisia tabaci biotype B at 4.5% and coexistence at 54.6%. B. tabaci biotype B had a wide distribution with respect to other studies, between 383 to 1,857 m a.s.l. The presence of Begomovirus was related to its vector B. tabaci biotype B in 4 out of 15 tomato-producing provinces of the department. The insecticides used for control are organophosphates (41.18%), neonicotenoids (29.41%), carbamates (17.65%) and pyrethroids (11.76%). We discuss the disturbing and rapid spread of B. tabaci biotype B in Cundinamarca