Search

Objectives:To perform the measurements of the optic disc and macula in healthy children using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in order to determine the normative data values and compare these by age, gender, spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length (AL).Materials and Methods:A total of 146 eyes belonging to 146 healthy children (74 girls, 72 boys) aged 6 to 16 years were included in this prospective study. Refraction and biometry measurements were performed. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), central macular volume, and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after dilatation. Using the OCTA device, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vascular density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of the macula, and the VD of the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) of the optic disc were recorded.Results:The mean age of the study group was 11.27±3 years, the mean AL was 23.39±1.18 mm and the mean SE was -1.31±1.61 diopters. The mean FAZ area was 0.3±0.09 mm2, the mean SCP-VD was 43.88±3.4%, the mean DCP-VD was 39.6±3.55%, and the mean RPCP-VD was 52.47±3.42%. When the relationship between the OCTA measurements and the SE and AL values were analyzed, there was no statistical significance (p>0.05). When age and OCTA measurements were compared, only DCP-VD values were found to significantly decrease with increasing age (p=0.015). There was no significant difference in OCTA measurements based on gender (p>0.05). Similarly, no statistical age-based differences were observed in RNFLT, CMV and CMT values (p>0.05).Conclusion:With its short procedure time and no dye requirement, OCTA can be safely used in the evaluation of the optic disc and macular perfusion in children. Determination of normative values in children will be useful in detecting pathologic changes in tissue in patients with retinal diseases.

Abstract Background We aimed to compare the morphological characteristics of corneal endothelial cells in type 2 diabetic patients and age-matched healthy subjects by specular microscopy. We also aimed to determine the association of corneal morphological features with the general characteristics and laboratory data of diabetic patients, including disease duration, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and urine albumin creatinine ratio. Methods A total of 195 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. Corneal endothelial measurements were performed using a noncontact specular microscopy. Laboratory data including serum fasting glucose, haemoglobin A1c levels, creatinine levels, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio were recorded. Diabetic patients were further subdivided into 3 groups according to the presence and stage of diabetic retinopathy. Specular microscopy findings and central corneal thickness of all patients were compared. Results The ECD and hexagonal cell ratio were significantly lower, while the average cell size, CV%, and central corneal thickness were determined to be significantly higher in diabetic patients than in healthy controls (p = 0.001). With the presence and advancement of diabetic retinopathy, the ECD and hexagonal cell ratio decreased, while the average cell size, CV%, and central corneal thickness increased. When correlation analysis was performed between corneal morphological features and laboratory data of diabetic patients, ECD showed a significant negative correlation with diabetes duration (p = 0.028). HbA1c levels, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (p = 0.041), average cell size and CV showed a positive correlation with these parameters. Conclusion In conclusion, keratopathy is an important complication of type 2 diabetes. With an increase in the stage of diabetic retinopathy, alterations in corneal findings also increased. In that respect, we can suggest that keratopathy should be evaluated more cautiously in diabetic patients.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the anterior segment parameters of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by corneal specular microscopy and biometry and to compare the results with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Our prospective study consisted of 122 eyes of 61 patients with COPD and 110 eyes of 55 patients without any systemic diseases. A comprehensive medical history was obtained, and corrected visual acuity, bio microscopic and fundus examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement with applanation tonometry, and non-contact specular microscopy were performed in all participants. Results: The endothelial cell density was lower in the COPD group than in the control group (p

Amaç: Anizometropiye bağlı tek taraflı ambliyopisi bulunan olguların retina sinir lifi tabakası (RSLT), maküla kalınlığı (MK) ve gangliyon hücre kompleksinin (GHK) optik koherens tomografi (OKT) cihazı ile değerlendirilip, sonuçların sağlam göz ve kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırılması. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya tek gözde anizometropik ambliyopi tespit edilen 89 hastanın 89 ambliyop gözü, kontrol grubu olarakta hasta grubunun 89 sağlam gözü ve 31 sağlıklı kişinin 62 gözü çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm olguların detaylı oftalmolojik muayenesinin ardından OKT cihazı ile RSLT, MK ve GHK değerleri ölçülerek istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı, p lt;0,05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen katılımcıların yaş ortalamaları ambliyopi hasta grubunda 13.19±6.28 yıl, kontrol grubunda ise 13.5±6.5 yıl idi. MK analizlerine bakıldığında gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmedi (p gt;0,05). Olguların ortalama RSLT değerleri arasında gruplar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanamamışken; superior ve inferior kadran kalınlığı ambliyop gözlerde kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (sırasıyla; p=0.045, p=0.026). GHK değerlendirmesinde üst kadran kontrol grubunda hasta grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha inceydi (p=0,026). Sonuç: MK değerinde ambliyopi olguları ile kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı fark bulunmazken, RSLT’de üst ve alt kadran ile GHK üst kadran kalınlıkları hasta grubunda kontrol grubuna göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur.

AIM: To determine the effects of Rutin on methanol induced optic neuropathy and compare the results with the effects of ethanol. METHODS: Totally 30 rats were divided into 5 groups, with 6 rats in each group as follows: healthy controls (C), methotrexate (MTX), methotrexate+methanol (MTM), methotrexate+methanol+ethanol (MTME) and methotrexate+ methanol+Rutin (MTMR). In all rabbits except those of the control group, MTX, diluted in sterile serum physiologic, 0.3 mg/kg per oral was applied for 7d by the aid of a tube. After this procedure to the rats of MTM, MTME and MTMR groups, 20% methanol with a dose of 3 g/kg per oral was given by the aid of a tube. In MTME group, 4h after the application of methanol, 20% ethanol was applied by the same way with a dose of 0.5 g/kg. On the other hand, in MTMR group 4h after the application of methanol, Rutin, which was dissolved in distilled water, was applied by the same way with a dose of 50 mg/kg. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in tissue 8- hydroxy-2 deoxyguanine (8-OHdG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO). glutathione peroxidase (tGSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels between groups (P

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of two types of contact lenses made of two different types of silicone hydrogel material on ocular physiological parameters and tear function tests. Methods: The contact lenses with the appropriate diopters were supplied to the volunteering patients. The patients were evaluated before wearing the contact lenses (visit0:V0), at the first month(visit1:V1) and at the thirth month(visit2:V2) following their wear. At all visits a detailed biomicroscopic examination was done, ocular physiological variables were collected, the tear function tests were performed and the tear meniscus area (TMA) was visualized and measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Results: The results of Schirmer 1 test were 12.07 ± 1.51 [9-16] mm for the right eyes (samfilcon A group) and 12.09 ± 1.5 [9-16] mm for the left eyes (senofilcon A group) at V0. (p=0.950) At V2, the mean Schirmer 1 test results were 11.92±1.34 [9-15] mm in the samfilcon A group and 12.2±1.41 [9-16] mm in the senofilcon A group (p=0.239). The mean TMA dimensions in the AS-OCT images were 338.42±47.1 [241-401] microns in the samfilcon A group and 338.42±47.1 [241-401]microns in the senofilcon A group at V0. (p>0.05). At V2, the mean TMA dimensions were 337.2±45.53 [241-402] microns in thesamfilcon A group and 340.31±48.22 [240-411] microns in the senofilcon A group (p=0.728). Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated that contact lenses containing samfilcon A and senofilcon A silicone hydrogel material do not cause meaningful ocular surface problems.

Abstract Background We aimed to determine the protective effects of thiamine pyrophosphate on ethanol induced optic neuropathy in an experimental model. Methods The rats were assigned into 4 groups, with 6 rats in each group as follows: healthy controls (HC group), only ethanol administered group (EtOH group), ethanol + thiamine pyrophosphate (20 mg/kg) administered group (TEt-20 group), and only thiamine pyrophosphate (20 mg/kg) (TPG group) administered group. To the rats in TEt-20 and TPG groups, 20 mg/kg thiamine pyrophosphate was administered via intraperitoneal route. To the rats in HC and EtOH groups, the same volume (0.5 ml) of distilled water as solvent was applied in the same manner. To the rats in TEt-20 and EtOH groups, one hour after application of thiamine pyrophosphate or distilled water, 32% ethanol with a dose of 5 g/kg was administered via oral gavage. This procedure was repeated once a day for 6 weeks. From the blood samples and tissues obtained from the rats, Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were studied. Histopathological evaluations were performed to the optic nerve tissue. Results Serum and tissue IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA levels were the highest in EtOH group which were significantly lower in thiamine pyrophosphate administered group (TEt-20 group) (p: 0.001). Serum and tissue reduced GSH levels were the lowest in EtOH group which were also significantly higher in TEt-20 group (p:0.001). In histopathological evaluations, in EtOH group there was obvious destruction and edema with hemorrhage and dilated blood vessels which were not present in any other groups. Conclusions There was an apparent destruction in ethanol administered group in histopathological analyses with an augmented level of oxidative stress markers and all those alterations were prevented with concomitant thiamine pyrophosphate administration. These protective effects of thiamine pyrophosphate are extremely important in chronic ethanol consumption. Clinical studies are warranted to define the exact role of thiamine pyrophosphate in prevention of ethanol induced optic neuropathy.